The document discusses some of the costs and issues with closed or overly proprietary science. It notes that closed science can refer to unpublished research available only to a select few, or publishing publicly funded research in pay-per-use journals, meaning the public pays twice to fund the research. One example given is a 1984 study on spinal cord injuries whose results were heavily criticized and found to be statistically insignificant in later studies. Open science is proposed as an alternative, defined as transparency in methodology, publicly available data, open communication and collaboration. The state of open access and open science in Austria and the EU is then outlined.

1. Costs of Closed Science

2. 1.
3.5 mg / 100g
2.
3.5 mg / 100g  ~ 30 mg / 100g
fresh
(c) by http://www.flickr.com/photos/nick_hardcastle
dry
http://www.flickr.com/photos/f4/2339969681

3. + 30 % !

4. IN NEED FOR MONEY

5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Median_and_Average_Sales_Prices_of_New_Homes_Sold_in_the_US_1963-2010_Monthly.png

6. http://www.nber.org/papers/w15639.pdf

7. www.donau-uni.ac.at
Bold Statements
1. Median growth rates for countries with public debt over 90
percent of GDP are roughly one percent lower than
otherwise;
2. Mean growth rates are several percent lower.
3. Countries with debt-to-GDP ratios above 90 percent have
a slightly negative average growth rate, in fact.
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8. www.donau-uni.ac.at
Hard Actions (Dancing)
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9. www.donau-uni.ac.at
Save the Dime
http://www.stern.de/politik/deutschland/medienschlacht-zur-eurokrise-merkel-ist-in-griechenland-haeftling-4339-1866072.html
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10. www.donau-uni.ac.at
Data, where aret thou?
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11. www.donau-uni.ac.at
Inconsistencies and Errors within data material
1. Unjustified, selective Exclusions
2. Unconventional grouping and weighting of data
3. Excel region selection mistakes
“
… future historians note that
one of the core empirical points
providing the intellectual foundation
for the global move to austerity in
the early 2010s was based on
someone accidentally not updating
a row formula in Excel
”
http://www.nextnewdeal.net/rortybomb/researchers-finally-replicated-reinhart-rogoff-and-there-are-serious-problems#.UW14rDQo2L4.twitter
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12. PUBLICATION MECHANISM

13. www.donau-uni.ac.at
Science Busters
To be part of it
requires a TV-set
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14. www.donau-uni.ac.at
To be part of it requires
scientific rigor
OR?
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15. << I knew that their business depends
on publishing “sexy” papers >>
http://www.michaeleisen.org/blog/?p=1439
http://www.flickr.com/photos/joker21/3684005076

16. I’d discovered a species of bacteria that uses arsenic
in its DNA instead of phosphorus
But I made the science so egregiously bad … poor or absent controls in every
figure …. failed to include a simple, obvious experiment that would have
definitively shown that arsenic was really in the bacteria’s DNA.
I then submitted the paper to Science, punching up the impact the work would
have on our understanding of extraterrestrials and the origins of life on Earth
http://www.fanpop.com/clubs/monsters-vs-aliens/images/5375160/title/monsters-vs-aliens-photo
http://www.zazzle.at/weissbecher_des_elements_33_arsen_tee_tasse-168479586161372168

17. And what do you know? They
accepted it!

18. www.donau-uni.ac.at
What has happened?
• Subscription-based Journals
– Are seeking to increase the number of citations to their articles
– Would like to increase the number of subscriptions (subscriptions =
money)
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19. www.donau-uni.ac.at
The Blogosphere Voice
• If journals are serious about advancing knowledge ..
• Ummm - No. Journals are serious about making money.
That means being restrictive, closed and inaccessible as
possible to everybody, especially laymen.
• Even professional academics for the most part, are not
interested in advancing knowledge. For the most part they
are interested only in advancing themselves...
http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090820/0153145940.shtml
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20. COSTS OF OVERLY CLOSED SCIENCE

21. www.donau-uni.ac.at
Closed Science
1. Closed Science is unpublished scientific research, available
only to the researcher and a select few others (very drastic)
- or 2. Closed Science involves publishing proprietary, often
corporately funded, research in pay-per-use journals
Problem – Public funded research is payed twice by the tax
payer
1. Spending tax money to fund the research;
2. by paying through university library subscriptions to access the
results of that research.
2012: 13.000+ petitions against that habit of Elsevier
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/feb/02/academics-boycott-publisher-elsevier
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22. www.donau-uni.ac.at
Costs hard to measure
1984: High-doses of Methylprednisolon will ameliorate the
devastating neurologic consequences of posttraumatic spinal
cord degeneration and thereby SCI (USA, NASCIS-I (& II)
study)
„From the very beginning the study was heavily criticized for
study design, clinical study, relive effect, results after 6
months and after a year, statistical methods, cancelled
studies, reactions of study representatives in PR, prior peerto-peer publications “
2008: 3% increased mortality rating, effects without statistical
relevance
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23. www.donau-uni.ac.at
„Based on the controversial data and the vague
clinical proves Methylprednisolon can no
longer be generally advised“
http://www.medicalforum.ch/pdf/pdf_d/2008/2008-14/2008-14-425.PDF
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24. WHAT IS OPEN ACCESS?

26. Grey Literature

28. WAS IST OPEN SCIENCE?

29. www.donau-uni.ac.at
Open Science is …
1. Transparency in experimental
methodology, observation, and collection of data
2. Public availability and reusability of scientific data.
3. Public accessibility and transparency of scientific
communication.
4. Using web-based tools to facilitate scientific collaboration.
http://www.openscience.org/blog/?p=269
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30. THE STATE OF OPEN ACCESS AND OPEN
SCIENCE IN AUSTRIA AND THE EU

31. www.donau-uni.ac.at
FWF – Wissenschaftsfond
• Open Access Policy
–
–
–
–
Re-producibility of results
Science as a public good
Visibility and knowledge transfer
Scientific networking
• Funding for OA-Journals in Humanities and Social Sciences
• Support for the Green Road
– Publishers shall no longer receive unrestricted exploitation rights
• Support for the Gold Road
– Publication funds for those journals requiring publication fee
– “robust, empirical proves that non-commercial publication bodies […] a
much better value-for-money ratio provide compared to commercial
publishers“
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32. http://oa.mpg.de/files/2010/04/publwege_en.jpg

33. www.donau-uni.ac.at
• Open Access at Academy of Sciences
– Explicit Open-Access-Policy
– Recommendation to all researchers to publish according to the
Green-Road-Principles
• University of Vienna
–
–
–
–
Open Access Office
Open Access working group
Open Access Board
Phaidra: Archive and Share Research and Teaching
https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/
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34. https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/

35. http://epub.wu.ac.at/

36. www.donau-uni.ac.at
EU – Level
• EU: Open Access Policy Officer (DG RTD)
• Horizon 2020: Research results have to be published
according to an OA-policy
– However there is no obligation to publish
• Digital Agenda: Scientific data: Open Access to research
results will boost Europe's innovation capacity
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-790_en.htm?locale=en
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38. NOT ALL PROBLEMS WILL BE
SOLVED BY OPEN SCIENCE

39. 1999
NASA uses the metric system
while Lockheed Martin uses the English system when building a satellite
busted, $165.6 million gone

41. www.donau-uni.ac.at
• Ocorrafoo Cobange of Wassee Institute of Medicine in
Asmara receives a letter of acceptance for a paper he
submitted
• Properties of a Chemicals from a lichen have clear
anticancer properties
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42. www.donau-uni.ac.at
But …
• There is no Ocorrafoo Cobange
• There is no Wassee Institute of Medicine
• The results are drawn without any scientific rigor
• He received 150+ acceptances of Open Access Journals
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
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43. TimBerners Lee created the Web in 1991 with the aim of
better facilitating scientific communication and the
dissemination of scientific research.
He didn’t designed it for
bookstores, telecommunications, newspapers, pornography, st
ock trading, music distribution, or LOLcats.
after http://eaves.ca/2011/12/22/the-future-of-academic-research/

44. Today we buy books online, listen to music
from the cloud and Skype for communication.
But our way of scientific communication is
pretty much there where it used to be in 1991.
Time for a shift.

45. •
•
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•
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•
•
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•
•
Open Data, Transparency and Open Innovation
E-Democracy and E-Participation
E-Voting
Bottom-Up Movements
Social and Mobile Media for Public Administration
Open Collaborative Government
Democracy, Globalization and Migration
Connected Smart City
Technology and Architecture
Self-governance in Complex Networks
Rethinking Information Visualization for the
People
Freedom and Ethics in Digital Societies
Design and Co-creation for E-democracy
• PhD Colloquium
Important Deadlines
Deadline for the submission of papers,
workshop proposals, reflections:
6. December 2013
Notification of acceptance
7. February 2014
Camera-ready paper submission
28 February 2014
Conference
21. - 23. May 2014

46. Johann Höchtl
johann.hoechtl@donau-uni.ac.at
http://www.slideshare.net/jhoechtl/
https://www.facebook.com/myprivate42
http://at.linkedin.com/in/johannhoechtl/