Trade negotiations of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TTP) trade deals have provided more fuel to the fire of this ongoing debate.
international trade theory
,
why is free trade beneficial
,
what role does government have in trade
,
what is mercantilism
,
what is the heckscher-ohlin theory
,
how does the theory of absolute advantage work
,
is a current account deficit bad
,
what is smith’s theory of absolute advantage
,
what is the balance of payments
,
what is new trade theory
,
what is ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage
2. Theories of International Trade, Tariff and Non-tariff barriers and Trade ...Charu Rastogi
This presentation starts with an overview of the initial theories of international trade like mercantilism, theory of absolute advantage, theory of comparative advantage and factor proportions theory. It goes on to discuss trade barriers, tariff and non-tariff barriers and trade blocks.
International economics deals with the economic relations among nations. The resulting interdependence is very important to the economic well-being of most nations of the world and is on the increase. The economic relations among nations differ from the economic relations among the various part of a nation. This gives rise to different problems, requiring somewhat different tools of analysis, and justifies International Economics as a distinct and separate branch of “Applied” Economics.
International economics deals with
1) The Pure Theory of Trade. This examines the basis for trade and the gains from trade.
2) The Theory of Commercial Policy. This studies the reasons for and the results of obstructions to the free flow of trade.
3) The Balance of Payments. This examines a nation’s total payments to and total receipts from the rest of the world. These involve the exchange of one currency with others.
4) Adjustment in the Balance of Payments. This deals with the mechanism of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibria under different international monetary systems.
This revision presentation explains and illustrates the concept of protectionism. The presentation explains the factors that motivate protectionism and the methods employed, including tariffs, import duties, dumping, currency manipulation and the favouring of domestic firms and industries.
international trade theory
,
why is free trade beneficial
,
what role does government have in trade
,
what is mercantilism
,
what is the heckscher-ohlin theory
,
how does the theory of absolute advantage work
,
is a current account deficit bad
,
what is smith’s theory of absolute advantage
,
what is the balance of payments
,
what is new trade theory
,
what is ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage
2. Theories of International Trade, Tariff and Non-tariff barriers and Trade ...Charu Rastogi
This presentation starts with an overview of the initial theories of international trade like mercantilism, theory of absolute advantage, theory of comparative advantage and factor proportions theory. It goes on to discuss trade barriers, tariff and non-tariff barriers and trade blocks.
International economics deals with the economic relations among nations. The resulting interdependence is very important to the economic well-being of most nations of the world and is on the increase. The economic relations among nations differ from the economic relations among the various part of a nation. This gives rise to different problems, requiring somewhat different tools of analysis, and justifies International Economics as a distinct and separate branch of “Applied” Economics.
International economics deals with
1) The Pure Theory of Trade. This examines the basis for trade and the gains from trade.
2) The Theory of Commercial Policy. This studies the reasons for and the results of obstructions to the free flow of trade.
3) The Balance of Payments. This examines a nation’s total payments to and total receipts from the rest of the world. These involve the exchange of one currency with others.
4) Adjustment in the Balance of Payments. This deals with the mechanism of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibria under different international monetary systems.
This revision presentation explains and illustrates the concept of protectionism. The presentation explains the factors that motivate protectionism and the methods employed, including tariffs, import duties, dumping, currency manipulation and the favouring of domestic firms and industries.
International trade is distorted by countries applying tariff and non tariff trade barriers.
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Networking Blunders that Cost you SalesAbhishek Shah
Networking effectively can have a dramatic impact on your sales providing it is done correctly.
Avoid these fatal networking mistakes and improve your results.
Free-Trade / Fair Trade -- From the 20th Century to 21st CenturyMichael Woods
On April 22, 2016, Michael Woods gave a presentation on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) at the Inaugural Conference on International Inter-Tribal Trade at the Faculty of Law at the University of Oklahoma. The conference was organized with the assistance and hard work of the Citizen Potawatomi Nation, the Mohawk Council of Akwensase, the Chickasaw Nation, the Law Faculties of the University of Oklahoma and Thompson River University and Donna William. Woods, LaFortune LLP joined other firms including Luksi Group LLC, Berkey Williams LLP, Garwill Law Professional Corporation as participants.
BPW Europe 2011
Von Sabine Schmelzer am Feb 12, 2012 Bearbeiten
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The International Federation of Business and Professional Women is an influential international network of business and professional women from over 90 countries in 5 continents with Consultative Status at ECOSOC/United Nations. Founded in 1930, BPW International develops the professional, leadership and business potential of women on all levels through our mentoring, networking, skill building and economic empowerment programs and projects around the world. Visit our website at: www.bpw-international.org and bpw-europe.org
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...Carlos F. Flores
Current economic theory assumes that nations will voluntarily adopt “fair trade” practices.
The U.S. is in a strong bargaining position to negotiate balanced trade relative to partners that drive our trade deficit – in a trade war, they have a lot more to loose.
The U.S. should proactively adopt a tit-for-tat approach to foster trade liberalization and fairness or risk losing the “international trade war”.
Above ‘fair trade” enforcing mechanism would provide crucial time for retraining displaced labor and/or protecting sectors impacted by unfair practices.
Bashar H. Malkawi Dispute setttlement in eu association agreements with arab ...Bashar H. Malkawi
It is assumed that the parties to the FTA will carry out their commitments in good faith. Persons and companies would risk capital and may suffer potential loss; therefore FTAs require a strong legal foundation incentivizing stability, transparency and
compliance with obligations.
The dispute settlement mechanism in FTAs is necessary as they provide means to settle disagreements on interpretation or compliance with treaty obligations. The dispute settlement mechanism help ease tensions among FTA parties and maintain healthy relationships among trading partners.
The Transatlantic Colussus - We have to broaden the debate on TTIPOle Wintermann
‘The Transatlantic Colossus: Global Contributions to Broaden the Debate on the EU-US Free Trade Agreement’ (2014), a publication from the Berlin Forum on Global Politics in collaboration with the Internet & Society Collaboratory and FutureChallenges.org of the Bertelsmann Stiftung.
http://futurechallenges.org/local/news/global-contributions-to-broaden-the-debate-on-the-eu-us-free-trade-agreement/
Unit 1 Overview of International BusinessCharu Rastogi
This presentation deals with general introductory topics such as globalization and its impact, WTO and its impact, Role of World Bank, IMF, Special Drawing Rights, Nature, scope and significance of international finance and Use of IT in international finance.
About PTA, Indian PTA, level of economic integration, Pros cons, Unilateral, bilateral and multilateral, indian few PTA, FTA, Chile, Mercosur, Malaysia, AFGHANISTAN, TAHILAND, BANGLADESH, JAPAN.
Understanding How Value is Created Within Organizations.
Creating value is a matter of fundamental importance to companies, because it addresses the economic logic of why the organization exists in the first place.
The concept of value chains was developed by Michael E. Porter as early as 1979.
A value chain is a set of activities that an organization carries out to create value for its customers
The way in which value chain activities are performed determines costs and effects on profits
Porter proposed a general-purpose value chain that companies can use to examine all of their activities, and see how they're connected.
The idea of the value chain is based on the process view of organizations.
How value chain activities are carried out determines costs and affects profits.
These activities can be classified generally as either primary or support activities that all businesses must undertake in some form.
Goods & Service Tax (GST) or the constitution (one hundred one amendment) bill. The introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) would be a very significant step in the field of indirect tax reforms in India. By amalgamating a large number of Central and State taxes into a single tax, it would mitigate cascading or double taxation in a major way and pave the way for a common national market.
From the consumer point of view, the biggest advantage would be in terms of a reduction in the overall tax burden on goods, which is currently estimated to be around 25%-30%. Introduction of GST would also make Indian products competitive in the domestic and international markets. Studies show that this would have a boosting impact on economic growth. Last but not the least, this tax, because of its transparent and self-policing character, would be easier to administer.
This is a very important concept, so try to share it with as many people as you can.
Regional Economic Integration (REI) refers to the commercial policy of discriminatively reducing or eliminating trade barriers only between the states joining together.
Regional economic groups eliminate or reduce trade tariffs (and other trade barriers) among the Partner States while maintaining tariffs or barriers for the rest of the world (non-member countries).
Geographical proximity, cultural, historical, and ideological similarities, competitive or complementary economic linkages, and a common language among the Partner States are importantly required for effective economic integration.
Regional economic integration in Africa traces back to 1910 with the formation of Southern African Customs Union (SACU) by the countries of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland and South Africa. Other main economic arrangements include East African Community (EAC), Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) etc. Also there is the planned African Economic Community, whose treaty was signed in 1991 (the Abuja Treaty) and it is expected by 2025. All these efforts are aimed at unifying Africa, but, there has been limited success due to the various problems which the region is facing including the internal civil wars.
Regional economic integration in Africa has not been so effective and it faces some challenges including overlapping memberships due to the multiplicity of its economic communities.
The similarity and smallness of the African countries together with the competition between each other in the global market for the same products are some of the reasons responsible for the past lack of success in the economic integration in the continent.
Several attempts of regional economic integration in Africa have been put into place over time, however they have been ineffective in promoting trade and attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the continent.
Relatively high external trade barriers and low resource complementarity between Partner States limit internal and external regional trade.
Small market size, poor transport facilities and high trading costs make it difficult for African countries to reap the potential benefits of economic integration.
Regional Economic Integration (REI) refers to the commercial policy of discriminatively reducing or eliminating trade barriers only between the states joining together.
Regional economic groups eliminate or reduce trade tariffs (and other trade barriers) among the Partner States while maintaining tariffs or barriers for the rest of the world (non-member countries).
Geographical proximity, cultural, historical, and ideological similarities, competitive or complementary economic linkages, and a common language among the Partner States are importantly required for effective economic integration.
The aim of economic integration is to lessen costs for both consumers and producers, in addition to increase trade between the countries taking part in the agreement.
A primary economic objective of integration is to raise:
a) real output and income of the participants
&
b) rate of growth
by increasing specialization and competition by facilitating desirable structural (linkages) changes.
Strategic management is a set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the longrun performance of a corporation.
It includes environmental scanning (both external and internal), strategy formulation (strategic or long-range planning), strategy implementation, and evaluation and control.
The study of strategic management, therefore, emphasizes the monitoring and evaluating of external opportunities and threats in light of a corporation’s strengths and weaknesses.
The trade theory that first indicated importance of specialization in production and division of labor is based on the idea of theory of absolute advantage which is developed first by Adam Smith in his famous book The Wealth of Nations published in 1776.
Smith argued that it was impossible for all nations to become rich simultaneously by following mercantilism because the export of one nation is another nation’s import and instead stated that all nations would gain simultaneously if they practiced free trade and specialized in accordance with their absolute advantage. Smith also stated that the wealth of nations depends upon the goods and services available to their citizens, rather than their gold reserves. While there are possible gains from trade with absolute advantage, the gains may not be mutually beneficial. Comparative advantage focuses on the range of possible mutually beneficial exchanges.
Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country producing it.
Countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries
In economics, principle of absolute advantage refers to the ability of a party (an individual, or firm, or country) to produce more of a good or service than competitors, using the same amount of resources.
International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories.
international trade has existed throughout history (for example Uttarapatha, Silk Road, Amber Road, salt roads), its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries.
To understand the pattern in international trade, Different trade theories are postulated. Some famous trade theories are:
Mercantilism
Absolute Advantage Theory
Comparative Advantage Theory
Hecksher-Ohlin Factor endowment theory
Product Life Cycle Theory
New Trade Theory
Porter’s Diamond Theory for competitive advantage
Restrictions on imports – tariff barriers, quotas or non-tariff barriers.
Accumulation of foreign currency reserves and gold and silver reserves. (known also as bullionism)
Granting of state monopolies to particular firms especially those associated with trade and shipping.
Subsidies of export industries to give competitive advantage in global markets.
Government investment in research and development to maximize efficiency and capacity of domestic industry.
Allowing copyright / intellectual theft from foreign companies.
Limiting wages and consumption of the working classes to enable greater profits to stay with the merchant class.
Control of colonies, e.g. making colonies buy from Empire country and taking control of colonies wealth.
England Navigation Act of 1651 prohibited foreign vessels engaging in coastal trade.
All colonial exports to Europe had to pass through English first and be re-exported to Europe.
Under British Empire, India restricted in buying from domestic industries and were forced to import salt from the UK. Protests against this salt tax, led to ‘Salt tax’ revolt led by Gandhi.
In seventeenth Century France, the state promoted a controlled economy, with strict regulations about the economy and labour markets
In the modern world, mercantilism is sometimes associated with policies, such as.
Undervaluation of currency e.g. government buying foreign currency assets to keep the exchange rate undervalued and make exports more competitive.
Government subsidy of industry for unfair advantage. China has been accused of offering too much subsidised investment for industry, leading to over supply of industries such as steel – meaning other countries struggle to compete.
Surge of protectionist sentiment, e.g. tariffs on imports.
Copyright theft
Established in 1968 as a prefabrication plant to produce exported leather goods.
Joint-stock company, employees in the company hold 49% and 51% is holded by the state.
Specializes in producing genuine and imitation leather products.
Manufactures products for exporting.
Manufactures products based on foreign partners preferences.
Gloves, shoes, briefcases & Men's Wallet, women's sandals & shoes, small key bags
EU is one of the best practical examples of regional integration (RI)
European Union (EU) is presently facing a number of crises.
Great Britain exited from EU
Greece crisis
German Hagemony
Chandigarh is a city and a union territory in the northern part of India that serves as the capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana. As a union territory, the city is ruled directly by the Union Government and is not part of either state. Chandigarh and adjoining cities of Mohali (Punjab) and Panchkula (Haryana) are together called Chandigarh Tricity.
The city of Chandigarh was one of the early planned cities in the post-independence India and is known internationally for its architecture and urban design.[7] The master plan of the city was prepared by Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier, transformed from earlier plans created by the Polish architect Maciej Nowicki and the American planner Albert Mayer. Most of the government buildings and housing in the city, however, were designed by the Chandigarh Capital Project Team headed by Pierre Jeanneret, Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry. In 2015, an article published by BBC named Chandigarh as one of the perfect cities of the world in terms of architecture, cultural growth and modernisation.[8][9]
The city experiences extreme climate and uneven distribution of rainfall. The roads in Chandigarh are surrounded by trees and it has the third highest forest cover in India at 8.51% following Lakshadweep and Goa.[10][11]
The city tops the list of Indian States and Union Territories by per capita income in the country.[12] The city was reported to be the cleanest in India in 2010, based on a national government study.[13][14] In 2016, Chandigarh was declared as the second cleanest city of India under Swachh Bharat Survekshan.[15] The union territory also heads the list of Indian states and territories according to Human Development Index.[16] In 2015, a survey by LG Electronics, ranked Chandigarh as the happiest city in India over the happiness index.[17][18] The metropolitan of Chandigarh-Mohali-Panchkula collectively forms a Tri-city, with a combined population of over 2 million.[19] This is the first smoke-free city in India.[20]
Chandigarh has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission. However, it was not selected in the list of first 20 smart cities of India.
Multimodal transport is essentially an international through-transport combination with various modes of transport such as ship, rail, truck, airplane, etc., primarily through the use of containers.
Multimodal Transport: Where the carrier organising the transport takes responsibility for the entire door-to-door transport and issues a multimodal transport document.
A multimodal transport operator (MTO) acts as a principal and therefore as a “carrier”, because the MTO contracts with the shipper to carry goods by one or more modes of transport as may be necessary. The MTO has accepted total responsibility and liability to perform the transport contract; he has become the sole interface point for the shipper’s transport function.
Patanjali Ayurved Limited is an Indian FMCG company
Located in the industrial area of Haridwar
Manufactures mineral and herbal products.
Patanjali is the fastest growing fast-moving consumer company in India.
Self-independence of India from Swadeshi.
To promote Indian product.
Make a largest retail chain in all over India both rural and urban market
To Provide reasonable price for farmers
To fulfill the demand of customers across the India on reasonable price.
To Support Indian industries by creating demands of Swadeshi products.
To generate employment for youth, skilled/unskilled and professionals.
To establish Ayurveda and create biggest market chain for herbal products.
To Strengthen Indian economy by replacing foreign products with Swadeshi products.
It involves 12 countries: the US, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, Brunei, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, Chile and Peru.
The pact aims to deepen economic ties between these nations, slashing tariffs and fostering trade to boost growth.
Member countries are also hoping to foster a closer relationship on economic policies and regulation.
The agreement could create a new single market something like that of the EU.
Pretty big indeed. The 12 countries have a collective population of about 800 million - almost double that of the European Union's single market. The 12-nation would-be bloc is already responsible for 40% of world trade.
The deal is a remarkable achievement given the very different approaches and standards within the member countries, including environmental protection, workers' rights and regulatory coherence - not to mention the special protections that some countries have for certain industries
Officially known as the Republic Of Senegal
country in West Africa.
economical and political capital is Dakar.
westernmost country in the mainland of the Old World, or Eurafrasia.
The climate is Sahelian, but there is a rainy season.
8th century - Present-day Senegal is part of the Kingdom of Ghana.
1677 - French take over island of Goree from the Dutch, the start of nearly 300 years of French oversight.
1756-63 - Seven Years' War: Britain takes over French posts in Senegal, forms colony of Senegambia. France regains its holdings during American Revolutionary War of 1775-83.
1960 - Senegal becomes an independent country.
2000 - Opposition leader Abdoulaye Wade wins second round of presidential elections, ending 40 years of Socialist Party rule.
2004 - Casamance Movement of Democratic Forces (MFDC) and government sign pact aimed at ending secessionist struggle in the southern province of Casamance. Violence continues, however until rebel leader Salif Sadio declares a unilateral ceasefire in 2014.
2012 - Macky Sall wins presidential elections and his coalition wins the parliamentary elections. MPs abolish the upper house, the Senate, and the post of vice president in an effort to save money for flood relief. Critics say the aim is to weaken the opposition.
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost sovereign state in Africa.
It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometers of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho.
South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions.
Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution's recognition of 11 official languages, which is among the highest number of any country in the world.
South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day.
The dabbawala are an extraordinary association of more than 5000 individuals in Mumbai.
"Dabba" simply signifies "lunch box"; "walla" implies transporter or convey man. Put them together and you get "Lunch box transporter".
For this situation it alludes to a stackable tin box utilized for hot meals called the tiffin.
Millions in Mumbai commute everyday to earn a living. Banks, colleges, hospitals, government offices, private offices, factories and ports are all spread across different parts of the city.
In a country where hot and freshly cooked home food is the most preferred for consumption, carrying of lunch boxes is a big burden for the working populace.
Be that as it may, this issue is unbelievable in this metro city because of the presence of the 100 year old association of "Dabbawalas".
These Dabbawalas deliver lunch boxes for about 2 lakh people at their work places on time.
The work doesn’t end here.
They also carry the empty lunch boxes back to the homes of the customers.
The unbelievable part is they make only one mistake in sixteen million transactions and have been consistently good at it for all the time of their operations.
This credibility earned them a six sigma designation by the Forbes magazine and ISO 9001 accreditation.
The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India contested annually by franchise teams representing Indian cities.
The title sponsor of IPL is Vivo Electronics, thus the league is officially known as the Vivo Indian Premier League.
The IPL is the most-attended cricket league in the world and ranks sixth among all sports leagues.
In 2010, the IPL became the first sporting event in the world to be broadcast live on YouTube.
The brand value of IPL was estimated to be US$3.2 billion in 2014. According to BCCI, the 2015 IPL season contributed ₹11.5 billion (US$182 million) to the GDP of Indian economy.
Until 2014, the top three teams in the tournament qualified for the Champions League Twenty20. However, the Champions League Twenty20 tournament was discontinued in 2015 and has been defunct since.
Promote international monetary cooperation;
Facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade;
Promote exchange stability;
Assist in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments; and
Make resources available (with adequate safeguards) to members experiencing balance of payments difficulties.
The IMF is accountable to the governments of its member countries. At the top of its organizational structure is the Board of Governors, which consists of one Governor and one Alternate Governor from each member country.
The Board of Governors meets once each year at the IMF-World Bank Annual Meetings.
Twenty-four of the Governors sit on the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) and normally meet twice each year.
The IMF's day-to-day work is overseen by its 24-member Executive Board, which represents the entire membership, this work is guided by the IMFC and supported by the IMF staff.
The Managing Director is the head of the IMF staff and Chairman of the Executive Board and is assisted by four Deputy Managing Directors.
In economics, Gresham's law is a monetary principle stating that "bad money drives out good".
For example, if there are two forms of commodity money in circulation, which are accepted by law as having similar face value, the more valuable commodity will disappear from circulation.
In an influential theoretical article, Rolnick and Weber (1986) argued that bad money would drive good money to a premium rather than driving it out of circulation. However, their research did not take into account the context in which Gresham made his observation. Rolnick and Weber ignored the influence of legal tender legislation which requires people to accept both good and bad money as if they were of equal value.They also focused mainly on the interaction between different metallic monies, comparing the relative "goodness" of silver to that of gold, which is not what Gresham was speaking of.
The experiences of dollarization in countries with weak economies and currencies (for example Israel in the 1980s, Eastern Europe and countries in the period immediately after the collapse of the Soviet bloc, or South American countries throughout the late 20th and early 21st century) may be seen as Gresham's Law operating in its reverse form (Guidotti & Rodriguez, 1992), because in general the dollar has not been legal tender in such situations, and in some cases its use has been illegal.
The history of agriculture in India dates back to the Rigveda. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 13.7% of the GDP (gross domestic product) in 2013, about 50% of the workforce. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India.India exported $39 billion worth of agricultural products in 2013, making it the seventh largest agricultural exporter worldwide and the sixth largest net exporter.Most of its agriculture exports serve developing and least developed nations.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
7. Trade negotiations of the
Transatlantic Trade and Investment
Partnership (TTIP) and The Trans-
Pacific Partnership (TTP) trade
deals have provided more
fuel to the fire of this
ongoing debate.
14. Trade barriers can
cause conflict
between countries
and lead to
fearsome trade
wars that destroy
the potential for
mutual benefits
from trade, and also
spark the possibility
of military conflict.
16. Protectionists argue
that a free trade policy
incentivizes the
countries
So it trades with to practice
mercantilism and manipulate their
currencies in o rder to maintain this
po sitive balance o f trade.
18. I incline more
toward the free trade
view, however I do
feel that the danger
of different nations
manipulating
currencies and
accumulating large
foreign monetary
reserves should not
be ignored.
19. BYBY
M V S SAI HEMANTM V S SAI HEMANT
BBAFO REIGNTRADEBBAFO REIGNTRADE
UPES , DEHRADUNUPES , DEHRADUN
UTTARAKHAND, INDIAUTTARAKHAND, INDIA