Formulation of Course objective.pptx
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Objectives are statements which describe what the learner is expected to achieve as a result of instruction. A course objective specifies a behavior, skill, or action that a learner can demonstrate if they have achieved mastery of the objective. Objectives need to be written in such a way that they are measurable by some sort of assessment. Course objectives form the foundation of the class.
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Educ11 130315075749-phpapp01
The document discusses curriculum assessment and establishing goals and objectives. It defines the intended, implemented, and achieved curriculum. The intended curriculum refers to initial objectives, the implemented refers to student learning activities, and the achieved refers to outcomes based on the first two. It also lists six purposes of curriculum assessment, including highlighting expectations and providing feedback. Criteria for assessment and writing goals/objectives are discussed, including ensuring syntactic correctness, compliance with legal requirements, addressing knowledge and behavior, and passing various tests.
Assessing Student Learning Outcome.pdf
Here are some sample supporting student activities for each learning outcome:
A.
1. Practice calculating areas and perimeters of different shapes
2. Solve word problems involving geometric concepts
3. Do worksheets and assignments on geometry
B.
1. Brainstorm ideas for an outing and write notes
2. Read sample paragraphs written in past tense
3. Peer review and edit each other's paragraphs
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1. Learn about different PowerPoint elements and formatting tools
2. Create slides with text, images, and animations
3. Practice delivering presentations and getting feedback
D.
1. Maintain a journal during the community outreach activity
2. Discuss
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This document provides guidelines for creating syllabi for courses at a university. It outlines 6 steps for developing the content and structure of syllabi, including: 1) identifying topics and planning teaching/learning activities; 2) formulating intended learning outcomes; 3) identifying course outcomes; 4) aligning outcomes with program outcomes; 5) including values, policies, references and approval processes. Faculty are instructed to discuss the new format with colleagues and ensure alignment between all syllabus components to guide student learning and assessment.
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classical vs Keynesian theory.pptx
The fundamental principle of the classical theory is that the economy is self‐regulating. Classical economists maintain that the economy is always capable of achieving the natural level of real GDP, which is the level of real GDP that is obtained when the economy's resources are fully employed.
National output or income was determined by real factors such as capital stock, state of technology, labour supply and in no way was affected by the general price level which was determined by the quantity of money. This classical doctrine is generally referred to as classical dichotomy.
While circumstances arise from time to time that cause the economy to fall below or to exceed the natural level of real GDP, self‐adjustment mechanisms exist within the market system that work to bring the economy back to the natural level of real GDP.
The classical doctrine—that the economy is always at or near the natural level of real GDP (full employment)—is based on two firmly held beliefs:
The assumption of the full employment of labour and other productive resources
Belief that prices, wages, and interest rates are flexible.
The general over production, and hence general unemployment, is impossible.
The normal situation is stable equilibrium at full employment.
The classical economist believe that the policy of laissez-faire guaranteed normal full employment. They had great faith in free and perfect competition, efficacy of the profit motive and price mechanism to remedy the temporary ills of the economic system and ensure full employment.
Prof. Pigou says, “With perfectly free competition, there will always be at work a strong tendency for wage rates to be so related to demand that everybody is employed.”
They treated money as a mere medium of exchange. (Transaction motive)
Property Rights IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION.pptx
Property rights in natural resource management are important because they provide incentives for people to manage natural resources responsibly. When people have an ownership stake in a resource, they are more likely to take steps to protect it, use it sustainably, and share it equitably. Property rights also create a system of accountability, ensuring that those who manage the resource are held responsible for their actions. Finally, property rights can provide a mechanism for resolving disputes over natural resources, promoting the peaceful resolution of conflicts. Property rights also promote economic efficiency by allowing private individuals and companies to reap the benefits of their investments in natural resources. This encourages innovation and technological advances that can improve the management of natural resources. Finally, property rights protect against externalities, such as pollution, by creating incentives to manage resources responsibly.
PERT.pptx
PERT (Programme Evaluation and Review Technique) was developed in 1956–58 by a research team to help in the planning and scheduling of the US Navy’s Polaris Nuclear Submarine Missile project involving thousands of activities. The objective of the team was to efficiently plan and develop the Polaris missile system.
This technique has proved to be useful for projects that have an element of uncertainty in the estimation of activity duration, as is the case with new types of projects which have never been taken up before.
Project management is important for several reasons:
1. Effective planning: Project management provides a structured approach to planning and executing projects. By defining clear objectives, timelines, and milestones, project managers can ensure that everyone on the team is working towards a common goal and that resources are allocated efficiently.
2. Cost control: Project management helps to control costs by identifying potential cost overruns early on and taking corrective action to prevent them. By keeping a close eye on project finances, project managers can ensure that the project stays within budget.
3. Risk management: Projects are inherently risky, and project management helps to identify, assess, and mitigate risks throughout the project lifecycle. By proactively managing risks, project managers can reduce the likelihood of negative outcomes and ensure that the project is completed successfully.
4. Improved communication: Good project management involves clear communication among team members, stakeholders, and sponsors. This helps to ensure that everyone understands their roles and responsibilities, and that there are no surprises or misunderstandings along the way.
5. Quality control: Project management also focuses on ensuring that the project delivers a high-quality output. By defining quality standards and conducting regular quality checks, project managers can ensure that the final product meets the requirements and expectations of stakeholders.
Property Rights IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION.pptx
Property rights in natural resource management are important because they provide incentives for people to manage natural resources responsibly. When people have an ownership stake in a resource, they are more likely to take steps to protect it, use it sustainably, and share it equitably. Property rights also create a system of accountability, ensuring that those who manage the resource are held responsible for their actions. Finally, property rights can provide a mechanism for resolving disputes over natural resources, promoting the peaceful resolution of conflicts. Property rights also promote economic efficiency by allowing private individuals and companies to reap the benefits of their investments in natural resources. This encourages innovation and technological advances that can improve the management of natural resources. Finally, property rights protect against externalities, such as pollution, by creating incentives to manage resources responsibly.
Supply Chain Management Changing business environment and Present need.pptx
Supply chain management (SCM) is the coordination of all activities involved in the planning, sourcing, production, and delivery of products or services to customers. The business environment is constantly changing, and these changes have a significant impact on SCM. Here are some of the ways in which the changing business environment is affecting SCM:
Globalization: The globalization of markets has created new opportunities for businesses to source and sell products across the world. However, it has also made SCM more complex as companies have to deal with multiple suppliers, varying regulations, and cultural differences.
Technology: The use of technology has revolutionized SCM, making it easier to manage processes, track products, and communicate with suppliers and customers. However, it has also created new challenges, such as cybersecurity risks and the need for skilled personnel.
Sustainability: The growing concern for the environment has made sustainability an important consideration in SCM. Companies need to find ways to reduce their carbon footprint, use renewable resources, and minimize waste.
Customer expectations: Customers are becoming more demanding, expecting products to be delivered faster, at lower costs, and with greater customization. This is putting pressure on SCM to be more efficient and flexible.
The present need for SCM is critical, as it enables businesses to compete in today's complex and dynamic environment. SCM helps companies to:
Optimize their operations: SCM helps businesses to streamline their processes, reduce costs, and improve efficiency.
Manage risk: SCM helps companies to identify and manage risks in their supply chain, such as supplier bankruptcy or natural disasters.
Enhance collaboration: SCM facilitates collaboration between different functions within a business and between suppliers and customers, leading to better communication and alignment.
Improve customer service: SCM helps businesses to meet customer demands by delivering products faster, with higher quality, and at lower costs.
Overall, SCM is essential for businesses to remain competitive and adapt to the changing business environment. It enables companies to respond to challenges and opportunities, while improving their efficiency and effectiveness.
Supply Chain Management Approaches Traditional vs Modern SCM.pptx
Supply chain management (SCM) refers to the management of the flow of goods and services from the point of origin to the point of consumption. Effective SCM is essential for companies to ensure timely delivery of goods, minimize inventory costs, and improve customer satisfaction. There are two main approaches to SCM: traditional and modern.
Traditional SCM focuses on optimizing the supply chain by minimizing costs and maximizing efficiency. The approach is based on a linear, sequential model that involves sourcing raw materials, transforming them into finished goods, and delivering them to customers. The traditional approach is often associated with a centralized decision-making process, with a strong emphasis on control and coordination. The focus is on reducing costs and improving efficiency through the use of lean production techniques and just-in-time inventory management.
In contrast, modern SCM emphasizes collaboration and flexibility, with a focus on meeting customer needs and achieving sustainability goals. The modern approach is based on a circular, networked model that involves multiple stakeholders working together to create value. The modern approach is often associated with decentralized decision-making processes, with a strong emphasis on collaboration and communication. The focus is on achieving sustainability and resilience through the use of digital technologies, data analytics, and supply chain visibility.
Some of the key differences between traditional and modern SCM include:
Focus: Traditional SCM focuses on reducing costs and improving efficiency, while modern SCM focuses on meeting customer needs and achieving sustainability goals.
Decision-making: Traditional SCM relies on centralized decision-making processes, while modern SCM emphasizes decentralized decision-making processes.
Collaboration: Traditional SCM is based on a linear model that emphasizes control and coordination, while modern SCM is based on a circular model that emphasizes collaboration and communication.
Technology: Modern SCM makes greater use of digital technologies, data analytics, and supply chain visibility to achieve sustainability and resilience.
Overall, while both traditional and modern SCM approaches have their strengths, the modern approach is seen as more effective in meeting the complex challenges of today's global supply chains, including sustainability, flexibility, and resilience.
Property Rights IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION.pptx
Property rights have significant implications for conservation efforts. When people have secure property rights over natural resources, they have an incentive to conserve and sustainably manage those resources over the long term. This can include investing in practices such as reforestation, sustainable agriculture, and fishing practices that conserve and protect natural habitats.
On the other hand, when property rights are insecure, conservation efforts can be more difficult to implement. For example, in areas where land tenure is unclear or contested, conservation organizations may have difficulty working with local communities to establish protected areas or conservation agreements. This can lead to conflict over land and resources, and ultimately hinder conservation efforts.
Secure property rights can also be important for promoting the participation of local communities in conservation efforts. When people have a stake in the management and protection of natural resources, they are more likely to participate in conservation initiatives and support conservation goals. In contrast, if people do not have secure property rights, they may be more likely to engage in unsustainable practices, such as illegal logging or poaching, as they do not have a long-term stake in the health of the resource.
Overall, the implications of property rights for conservation highlight the importance of ensuring that people have secure and well-defined property rights over natural resources, and that conservation efforts are designed to work within existing property rights frameworks. By doing so, it is possible to build a more sustainable and equitable future for both people and the environment.The Meghalaya Community Led Landscape Management Project is an initiative aimed at promoting sustainable management of natural resources in the state of Meghalaya, India. The project is funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implemented by the Government of Meghalaya, in partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
The main objective of the project is to support community-led approaches to natural resource management in Meghalaya, with a focus on improving livelihoods, reducing poverty, and conserving biodiversity. Specifically, the project aims to:
Improve the management of community forests, including strengthening community institutions and governance structures, promoting sustainable harvesting practices, and increasing community participation in decision-making processes.
Enhance the sustainable management of watersheds, through activities such as rainwater harvesting, soil and water conservation, and the promotion of sustainable agriculture practices.
Support the conservation of biodiversity, by promoting the establishment of protected areas and community-conserved areas, and supporting efforts to reduce threats to biodiversity such as habitat loss and fragmentation.
Increase awareness and knowledge among communities
Property rights in natural resources.pptx
Property rights play an important role in natural resource management. They define who has the right to access, use, and manage natural resources such as land, water, forests, fisheries, and minerals. Property rights can be held by individuals, communities, or the state.
Secure property rights provide incentives for individuals and communities to invest in the management of natural resources, leading to better outcomes for both people and the environment. When people have secure property rights, they are more likely to invest in sustainable management practices, conserve resources, and prevent degradation.
In contrast, insecure property rights can lead to overexploitation, degradation, and conflict over natural resources. For example, in areas where land tenure is unclear or disputed, people may engage in unsustainable practices such as overgrazing or deforestation, as they do not have the security of knowing that they will benefit from long-term investments in the land. Efforts to strengthen property rights in natural resource management include land titling and registration, community forestry management, and catch-share programs in fisheries. These approaches aim to provide greater clarity and security around property rights, leading to more sustainable and equitable outcomes for all stakeholders.
Distribution Theory.pptx
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LP special cases and Duality.pptx
This document provides an overview of operations research and linear programming techniques. It begins with an introduction to the graphical method for solving linear programming problems with two variables by plotting the feasible region defined by the constraints. It then defines key terms like feasible solutions and optimal solutions. The document provides examples of using the graphical method to find the optimal solution for both maximization and minimization problems. It also discusses special cases that can occur with linear programs, such as alternative optimal solutions, unbounded solutions, infeasible solutions, and degenerate solutions. Finally, it provides an introduction to the concept of duality in linear programming.
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Formulation of Course objective.pptx
- 1. FORMULATION OF COURSE OBJECTIVES Presented by, Snehal S. Athawale School of Social Sciences Ph.D (Agri. Economics) 1st Year COURSE CODE EXT-603
- 2. What is a course objective? •Objectives are statements which describe what the learner is expected to achieve as a result of instruction. • A course objective specifies a behavior, skill, or action that a learner can demonstrate if they have achieved mastery of the objective. •Objectives need to be written in such a way that they are measurable by some sort of assessment. •Course objectives form the foundation of the class.
- 3. Goals vs Objectives Describe the overall purpose of the course within the larger curriculum Break down goals into measurable behaviors that demonstrate competency Ensure successful accomplishment of course goals COURSE GOALS COURSE OBJECTIVES
- 4. What do good course objectives look like? Specific Precise Concrete Measurable Competency Based Learner’s perspective
- 5. What is a learning objective? 1. A learning objective is a clearly written statement that specifies what the learner should be able to do after he completes the course. 2. The learning objective describes what the learner will be able to do after completing the course. 3. The conditions under which the learner will perform the task 4. The criteria for evaluating learner performance
- 6. Performance involves using and coordinating the skeletal muscles including vision, hearing, speech or sense of touch. PSYCHOMOTOR Performance involves specific attitudes, beliefs, emotions or role expectation Performance involves factual knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. AFFECTIVE COGNITIVE Types of Learning Objectives
- 7. With what requirements? What are the standards of acceptable performance? Who are the learner? Condition of performance Degree/criteria Audience What will the learner be able to do? Observable Behavior Components
- 8. Formulation of Objectives Bloom’s Taxonomy is a hierarchical classification of the different levels of thinking, and should be applied when creating course objectives. Many instructors have learning objectives when developing a course. However, many instructors do not write learning objectives. The full power of learning objectives is realized when the learning objectives are explicitly stated. Writing clear learning objectives are critical to creating and teaching a course. Boom’s Taxonomy
- 9. Action Verbs used in framing objectives
- 10. SMART criteria for formulating objectives Specific Measurable Acceptable Realistic Time related The learning objective is not vague, but rather describes concrete conditions and clear results. Based on the formulation it can be measured whether learner have achieved the learning objective Learner can perceive the significance. Objective must be feasible and attainable within the available means. Objective must set a moment by which time it must have been achieved. (Time bound.)
- 11. REFERENCES Bloom, B. (1984). The taxonomy of educational objectives:-- Cognitive Domain. NY: Longman . Chapter 3. Diagnosis, Formulation of Objectives and Selection of Content and Learning Experiences. (n.d.). Retrieved February 07, 2018 from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/48993/6/06_chapter%203.pdf Kapur, Radhika. (2018). Formulation of Objectives in Curriculum Development. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323694981_Formulation_of_Objectives_in_Curriculum_Development Skilbeck, M. (1971). Preparing Curriculum Objectives. The Vocational Aspect of Education. XXIII, (54), 1-7. Retrieved February 08, 2018 from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03057877180000011
- 12. —Stephen Covey The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People “Begin with the end in mind”