The document discusses property rights in natural resource management, highlighting the implications of different property regimes, including private, common, and public rights. It outlines the challenges of resource over-exploitation under open access conditions and presents a community-led project in Meghalaya aimed at improving land and water management through capacity building and sustainable practices. Key interventions include afforestation, soil conservation, and the establishment of village natural resource management committees to ensure effective resource governance.

1. Property rights in natural
resources: implication for
conservation and
management
Snehal Athawale
PhD. Scholar
School of Social Sciences,
CPGS-AS, CAU(I), Umiam
Meghalaya.
AEC 608

2. Property rights regime
Private
Strands of the property
rights bundle are held by
a natural or legal person.
Common
Property rights strands are
shared among members of
a community.
Public
Property rights
concentrated, held and
managed by the gov.
Open access
No specific rights to land
or natural resources have
been assigned.

3. Tragedy of Commons
Common resources lacking
ownership were doomed to
over- exploitation (Garret
Hardin, 1968).
Policy implication: to either
privatise or nationalise the
resources.

4. TENURE SECURITY AND ENFORCEMENT OF PROPERTY RIGHTS
Legitimacy
High degree of legitimacy
encourages voluntary
compliance
Institutional Backing
Effectiveness of the property
rights claims depends on the
strength of the institution.
Clarity
Well-functioning property
rights are dependent on the
degree o f clarity.
Excludability
All benefits and costs accrued
as a result of owning and using
the resources.

5. The most common tenure types in India are common law freehold. 86% of
arable land is privately owned. Individuals may acquire land in freehold
through purchase, inheritance or gift (Agarwal 2002; Martindale Hubbell 2008).
Approximately 90% of leased land is leased informally. Sharecropping is the
predominant form of tenancy (Martindale Hubbell 2008; GOI 2009).
In urban areas, the following types of tenure exist:
(1) Legal housing on land held in secure land tenure;
(2) Shortterm, but strong, de facto tenure;
(3) Weak de facto tenure security, including tenure security based principally
upon the receipt of basic public services; and
(4) insecure tenure, in which a slum occupies land reserved for public
purposes(Mahadevia 2010).

6. A clear distinction between different types of management rules and property
regimes is crucial (Runge, 198б).
i. Access rules (flow management)
rules of resource access and
regulate sharing of output, and
ii. Conservation rules (stock
management) concerned with
limiting total resource output.
Property regimes
Type of right users hold i.e. open access,
common property, state property, private
property (Seabright, 1993).
Management rules

7. Meghalaya Community Led Landscape Management Project
COVERAGE
Component 1: 6026 villages
Component 2: Out of 1015
villages in critical landscapes
400 villages
Component 3: Project
Management Units to be
established at State, District
and Block Levels
Period: 2018-2023 (5 years)

8. Project interventions
]]
Community led natural
resource management
Soil and water conservation.
Land reclamation measures.
Water management,
development, implementation
spring shed management.
Afforestation and regeneration
of natural forests.
Rehabilitation of lands affected
by shifting cultivation and
mining.
Three villages identified for field visits, which represent the different environmental problems
of the state. Such as forest and water degradation, rat hole mining, depletion of drinking
water sources, loss of aquatic life.

9. Participatory
villages have to
sign Green
Charter
Village Natural
resource
management
committee
(VNRMC)
EC Identify the
NRM service
provider (8
youths)
Expression of
interest ,
Presence of
undisputed land,
identyfy
traditional
knowledge
holders
9 members
Executive
Committee (4
should be
women)
EOI screened by
District office,
after selection
opening of Bank
account
Building Communities

10. Village Grant
Agreement (VGA),
receive 30,000 Rs.
Foundational trainings for members of EC,
NRM service provider and 8 youths. Along
with project officials CNRMP submit to
block office.
Submission of list of work and amount
spend, every 6 months social audit
conducted as per gov. rules
CNRMP approved,
village will receive
funds for
implementation.
Initiative in 2015-2016 when identification and capacity building of around 3,000
young Green Volunteers had taken place. As of date, there are 1200 VCFs
functioning in 400 villages across Meghalaya.

11. WORK
Afforestation
Bench Terracing
Bio-Fencing
Brick Wall Of
Spring Shed
Check Dam
Community
Nursery
Composting (18
Days Composting)
Contour Bunding
Contour Trenches
Drainage
Dug Out Pond
Earthen
Embankment With
Cc Core Wall
Erosion Control
Gabion Check Dam
Farm Pond
Filtration System
Fire Line Control
Fishery Pond
Water Harvesting
Structure
Recharge Pit
Gully Plug
Jalkund
Spring
Development

12. Stories
A village in North Garo Hills has come together and drawn a resolution for
setting up of a Community Bamboo Reserve which has gained the status of
being the largest community bamboo reserve in the district.
Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) efforts have rejuvenated
streams in Jaintia hills coal mining areas.
Communities are sustainably reviving a nearly 300-yr-old village in Jaintia Hills.
The Integrated Basin Development and Livelihoods Promotion Programme
help them to form community nursury.
Before After
TREATMENT OF MINING AFFECTED AREAS

13. THANK YOU
You can find me at: snehalathawale98@gmail.com
LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/snehal-athawale-364643150