In this ppt include sustain drug delivery system. And that advantage,disadvantage,approaches,application.
This project is my first project.
This ppt is not made for brilent student,is use only normal student(passing student).
Thanx everyone.
-your friend DDV
In this ppt include sustain drug delivery system. And that advantage,disadvantage,approaches,application.
This project is my first project.
This ppt is not made for brilent student,is use only normal student(passing student).
Thanx everyone.
-your friend DDV
Transport models : Permeability , solubility , charge state amd the ph partit...NishaN19p7504
this topic is all about influence of ph on drug solubilty and permeability , henderson hasselbalch equation , PH partition hypothesis and its deviations
This presentation includes the detail information about the physics of tablet compression and compaction, Compression, Effect of friction, distribution of forces, compaction profiles,solubility.
In this slide contains introduction, copmpression, consolidation, compaction, heckel plots and equation, interpretation and application.
Presented by: NARAYAN SINGH UDIT (Department of pharmaceutics).
RIPER, anantapur
DISSOLUTION
Dissolution is defined as a process in which a solid substance solubilises in a given solvent.
(i.e. mass transfer from the solid surface to the liquid phase.)
Three Theories:
Diffusion layer model / Film theory
Danckwert’s model / Penetration or Surface renewal theory
Interfacial barrier model / Double barrier or Limited solvation theory
Methods For Assesment Of Bioavailability Anindya Jana
Bioavailability means the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of action. For drug products that are not intended to be absorbed into the bloodstream, bioavailability may be assessed by measurements intended to reflect the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety becomes available at the site of action.
Bioavailability studies are important in the Primary stages of development of a suitable dosage form for a new drug entity, determination of influence of excipients, patient related factors & possible interaction with other drugs on the efficiency of absorption, development of new formulations of the existing drugs, control of quality of a drug product during the early stages of marketing in order to determine the influence of processing factors, storage & stability on drug absorption
SUSTAINED RELEASE (SR) & CONTROL RELEASE.pptxRAHUL PAL
Sustained-release medications are usually labeled with “SR” at the end of their name. These medications prolong the medication's release from a tablet or capsule so that you'll get the medication's benefits over a longer period of time.
CR = controlled release, SR = sustained release, ER = extended release, IR = immediate release. *
Oral controlled drug delivery systems - Various Approaches SIVASWAROOP YARASI
these are the drug delivery systems which are given orally and the drug release is such that it releases at a controlled way at a predetermined rate for a particular period of time.
What is dissolution? Dissolution is a process in which a solid substance get solubilizes in a particular solvent to yield a solution i.e. mass transfer from the solid surface to the liquid phase.
Transport models : Permeability , solubility , charge state amd the ph partit...NishaN19p7504
this topic is all about influence of ph on drug solubilty and permeability , henderson hasselbalch equation , PH partition hypothesis and its deviations
This presentation includes the detail information about the physics of tablet compression and compaction, Compression, Effect of friction, distribution of forces, compaction profiles,solubility.
In this slide contains introduction, copmpression, consolidation, compaction, heckel plots and equation, interpretation and application.
Presented by: NARAYAN SINGH UDIT (Department of pharmaceutics).
RIPER, anantapur
DISSOLUTION
Dissolution is defined as a process in which a solid substance solubilises in a given solvent.
(i.e. mass transfer from the solid surface to the liquid phase.)
Three Theories:
Diffusion layer model / Film theory
Danckwert’s model / Penetration or Surface renewal theory
Interfacial barrier model / Double barrier or Limited solvation theory
Methods For Assesment Of Bioavailability Anindya Jana
Bioavailability means the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of action. For drug products that are not intended to be absorbed into the bloodstream, bioavailability may be assessed by measurements intended to reflect the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety becomes available at the site of action.
Bioavailability studies are important in the Primary stages of development of a suitable dosage form for a new drug entity, determination of influence of excipients, patient related factors & possible interaction with other drugs on the efficiency of absorption, development of new formulations of the existing drugs, control of quality of a drug product during the early stages of marketing in order to determine the influence of processing factors, storage & stability on drug absorption
SUSTAINED RELEASE (SR) & CONTROL RELEASE.pptxRAHUL PAL
Sustained-release medications are usually labeled with “SR” at the end of their name. These medications prolong the medication's release from a tablet or capsule so that you'll get the medication's benefits over a longer period of time.
CR = controlled release, SR = sustained release, ER = extended release, IR = immediate release. *
Oral controlled drug delivery systems - Various Approaches SIVASWAROOP YARASI
these are the drug delivery systems which are given orally and the drug release is such that it releases at a controlled way at a predetermined rate for a particular period of time.
What is dissolution? Dissolution is a process in which a solid substance get solubilizes in a particular solvent to yield a solution i.e. mass transfer from the solid surface to the liquid phase.
Background: The main objective of present research work is to formulate the Carbamazepine Fast Dissoving tablets. Carbamazepine, an
antiepileptic, belongs to BCS Class-II and used to control some types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy and Neuropathic Pain by
blocking use-dependent sodium channels. Methods: The Fast Dissoving tablets of Carbamazepine were prepared employing different
concentrations of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium in different combinations as a Sperdisintegrants by Direct Compression technique
using 32
factorial design. The concentration of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium was selected as independent variables, X1
and X2 respectively whereas, wetting time, Disintegration time, t
50% ,t90%were selected as dependent variables. Results and Discussion:
Totally nine formulations were designed and are evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, Assay, Wetting time, Disintegration time, Invitro
drug release. From the Results concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the In-vitro
dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) &
regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for Wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90%. Validity of
developed polynomial equations were verified by designing 2 check point formulations (C1
, C2
). According to SUPAC guidelines the
formulation (F5
) containing combination of 9.375% Crospovidone and 9.375% Croscarmellose, is the most similar formulation (similarity factor
f
2
=82.675, dissimilarity factor f1
= 2.049 & No significant difference, t= 0.041) to marketed product (TEGRETOL-100). Conclusion: The
selected formulation (F5
) follows First order, Higuchi’s kinetics, mechanism of drug release was found to be Non-Fickian Diffusion (n= 0.665).
KEYWORDS: Carbamazepine, 3
2Factorial Design, Crospovidone , croscarmellose Sodium, Wetting Time, Disintegration Time.
The need for continual training program as a part of cGMP in pharmaceutical i...shikha singh
Continual training program carried out in pharmaceutical industries through out the year for the attainment and betterment of the employees and for the growth of the company
This ppt is quite helpful for students/ researchers to understand the mechanism behind ethosomes penetration in the skin barrier when applied topically as well as it helps you to brief on drug detailing while formulating the ethosomes formulation.
for any more question you want to ask, feel free to contact: shikhasingh_ss@yahoo.com
thank you!
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Antimicrobial stewardship to prevent antimicrobial resistanceGovindRankawat1
India is among the nations with the highest burden of bacterial infections.
India is one of the largest consumers of antibiotics worldwide.
India carries one of the largest burdens of drug‑resistant pathogens worldwide.
Highest burden of multidrug‑resistant tuberculosis,
Alarmingly high resistance among Gram‑negative and Gram‑positive bacteria even to newer antimicrobials such as carbapenems.
NDM‑1 ( New Delhi Metallo Beta lactamase 1, an enzyme which inactivates majority of Beta lactam antibiotics including carbapenems) was reported in 2008
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
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1. ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
F O R M U L AT I O N FA C TO R S
A F F E C T I N G D R U G
A B S O R P T I O N
P R E S E N T E D B Y : S H I K H A Y. S I N G H
U N D E R T H E G U I D A N C E O F : D R V A M S H I K R I S H N A T
D E P A R T M E N T O F P H A R M A C E U T I C S
R E G I S T R A T I O N N O . 1 6 0 6 1 7 0 0 9
2. CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Manufacturing variables
3. Pharmaceutic ingredients
4. Nature and type of dosage form
5. Conclusion
6. References
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
2
3. INTRODUCTION
• A drug injected intravascularly directly enters systemic circulation & exerts its
pharmacological effects
• If intended to act systemically, such drugs can exert their pharmacological actions only
when they come into blood circulation from their site of application
• Majority of drugs are administered extravascular only
• Absorption is an important step
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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6. 2. Method of Granulation
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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7. PHARMACEUTIC
INGREDIENTS/EXCIPIENTS
Despite their inertness & utility in the dosage form, excipients can influence
absorption of drug
More number of excipients in a dosage form, the more complex it is & greater
potential for absorption & bioavailability problems
Excipients are added to ensure
1. Stability
2. Uniformity
3. Functionability
4. Bioavailability
5. Acceptability
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
7
8. 1. VEHICLE
Absrption depend to a large extent on its miscibility with biological fluids
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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9. Diluents are commonly added to tablet (and capsule) formulations if the required
dose is inadequate to produce the necessary bulk
Eg of drug-diluent interaction resulting in poor bioavailability is that of tetracycline &
DCP
2. DILUENTS
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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Diluents
Organic Inorganic
10. 3. BINDERS & GRANULATING AGENTS
Promote cohesive compacts before & after compression
Eg polymeric materials like starch, cellulose derivatives, acacia, PVP, etc
4. COLOURANTS
Very low concentration of water-soluble dye inhibitory effect on dissolution
Dye molecules get adsorbed onto the crystal faces & inhibit drug dissolution
E.g. brilliant blue retards dissolution of sulfathiazole
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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11. 5. LUBRICANTS
To aid flow of granules
To reduce interparticle friction
Sticking of particles to dies & punches
Eg Hydrophobic in nature (several metallic stearates & waxes)
6. COATINGS
Deleterious effect of various coatings on drug dissolution from a tablet dosage form
is enteric coat > sugar coat > nonenteric film coat
e.g. Shellac coated tablets, on prolonged storage, dissolve more slowly in the GIT
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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12. 7. DISINTEGRANTS
Agents overcome cohesive strength of tablet & break them up on contact with water
which is an important prerequisite to tablet dissolution
These are hydrophilic in nature eg MCC
Mechanism
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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13. 8. BUFFERS
They create right atmosphere for dissolution e.g. buffered aspirin tablets
Buffer containing potassium cations inhibit the drug absorption e.g. vitamin B2 &
sulphanilamide
9. SURFACTANTS
They may enhance or retard drug absorption
1. Promotion of wetting & dissolution of drugs
2. Better membrane contact of drug for absorption
3. Enhanced membrane permeability of the drug
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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14. 10. SUSPENDING AGENTS/VISCOSITY IMPARTERS
Hydrophilic polymers like vegetable gums, semisynthetic gums & synthetic gums
Stabilize drug particles by reducing their rate of settling & by increasing viscosity of
the medium they also affect palatability & pourability of solution dosage forms
Eg Na-CMC complex amphetamine increases drug absorption
11. CRYSTAL GROWTH INHIBITORS
Eg crystal growth inhibitors like PVP & PEG inhibit conversion of a high energy
metastable polymorph into stable
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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15. 12. COMPLEXING AGENTS
These agent alters stability, solubility, molecular size, partition coefficient & diffusion
coefficient
Pharmacologically inert & must dissociate either at the absorption site or following
absorption into the systemic circulation
Complexation has been used to enhance drug absorption are:
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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Enhanced dissolution through formation of a soluble complex e.g. ergotamine tartarate-caffeine complex
Enhanced lipophilicity for better membrane permeability e.g. caffeine-PABA complex
Enhanced membrane permeability e.g. enhanced GI absorption of heparin
16. NATURE & TYPE OF DOSAGE FORM
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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17. SOLUTIONS
Solutions is most rapidly absorbed
Drug dissolution is absent
Factors influencing absorption of solution are:
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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18. EMULSIONS
Superior to suspensions in administering
poorly aqueous soluble lipophilic drugs
Absorption increases 3 fold over its aqueous
suspension
Factors influencing drug absorption of emulsion
18
Surface area
Interfacial tension
Droplet size
Surfactants
Lipophilicity
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
19. SUSPENSIONS
Drug dissolution which is generally rapid due to the large surface area of the
particles
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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20. POWDERS
Though powders are superior to tablets & capsules
They are not in use nowadays due to handling &
palatability problems
Factors to be considered in the absorption of drug
from powders are
particle size
Polymorphism
wettability
20
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
21. CAPSULES
Powders & granules are administered in hard gelatin
capsules whereas viscous fluids & oils in soft elastic
shells
Factors of importance in case of hard gel-
Drug particle size
Density
Polymorphism
Intensity of packing
Influence of diluents & excipients
Factors of importance in case of soft gel-
Between the drug & the diluent
Between drug & gelatin shell
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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22. TABLETS
22
• Compressed Tablets > Film Coated Tablets > Sugar Coated Tablets > Enteric
Coated Tablets > Sustained Release Products
Factors to be considered in the absorption of drug from tablets
are
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
23. CONCLUSION
• Absorption plays an major role to attain the desired therapeutic action with minimal
side effects at the given period of time
• Formulation factors influencing drug absorption helps us to focus on formulating
drug with proper attainment of permeability of drugs to systemic circulation at given
time
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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24. REFERENCES
1. Brahmankar D.M., Jaiswal S.B., First edition, “Absorption of Drugs”
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics – A treatise, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi 1995,
page no. 27-77
2. Shargel L., Andrew B.C., Fourth edition “Physiologic factors related to drug
absorption” Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Prentice Hall
International, INC., Stanford 1999, Page No. 99-128
ManipalCollegeofPharmaceuticalSciences(MCOPS)
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The cause is formation of divalent calcium-tetracycline complex which is poorly soluble & thus, absorbable
Dyes have also been found to inhibit micellar solubilization effect of bile acids which may impair the absorption of hydrophobic drugs like steroids. Cationic dyes are more reactive than the anionic ones due to their greater power for adsorption on primary particles.
known to inhibit wettability, penetration of water into tablet and their disintegration and dissolution This is because the disintegrant gets coated with the lubricant if blended simultaneously which however can be prevented by adding the lubricant in the final stage. The best alternative is use of soluble lubricants like SLS and carbowaxes which promote drug dissolution
(acacia, tragacanth, etc),
from oily solutions, emulsions or suspensions of medicaments