Legal procedures involve applying medical knowledge to law and justice. There are different types of law depending on their origin, such as common law, statute law, and Shariat law. Courts handle both criminal cases, which deal with prohibiting harmful acts, and civil cases, which deal with disputes between individuals. In legal procedures, a case is brought before a judge, who arrives at a decision following proceedings based on legal codes and evidence. There are two parties involved - the prosecution, which brings charges, and the defense, which responds to charges. The conclusion of the judge is called the judgment. Various courts have jurisdiction over different types of cases and ability to impose punishments. Principles guiding courts include the presumption of innocence until proven guilty
Forensic science PowerPoint presentation on Injury and it's medico-legal importance.
The slide is made for medical students. Mainly for BAMS students. It covers maximum points.
The slide is full of example with pictures which make it easy to understand the concept. It contains post-mortem findings as well as medico-legal importance of the each type of injury.
Thanatology
Types of transplants
Cause, Mechanism of Death
Manner of death
Anoxia
Signs of Death
Immediate Changes (Somatic Death)
Early Changes (Molecular Death)
Algor Mortis ......
Reference
infanticide are quite common in India because of illiteracy as well as the female child unwanted . Now a days female sexual assault and murder is getting common in north Indian society
Indian criminal procedure code,Un natural death,How ro prepare inquest by a magistrate. ppt prepared by I James Joseph Adhikarathil- Mob 9447464502.mysandesham@gmail.com
Forensic science PowerPoint presentation on Injury and it's medico-legal importance.
The slide is made for medical students. Mainly for BAMS students. It covers maximum points.
The slide is full of example with pictures which make it easy to understand the concept. It contains post-mortem findings as well as medico-legal importance of the each type of injury.
Thanatology
Types of transplants
Cause, Mechanism of Death
Manner of death
Anoxia
Signs of Death
Immediate Changes (Somatic Death)
Early Changes (Molecular Death)
Algor Mortis ......
Reference
infanticide are quite common in India because of illiteracy as well as the female child unwanted . Now a days female sexual assault and murder is getting common in north Indian society
Indian criminal procedure code,Un natural death,How ro prepare inquest by a magistrate. ppt prepared by I James Joseph Adhikarathil- Mob 9447464502.mysandesham@gmail.com
CJUS 500
Presentation: Courts (Part 1) Transcript
Slide 1
1. The American criminal justice system is a dual court system. This means that we have court structures at both the state and federal levels.
2. There are courts of general jurisdiction and courts of limited jurisdiction.
3. Courts of general jurisdiction here all types of cases whereas courts of limited jurisdiction, only here specific types of cases.
4. Generally, criminal trials fall under the courts of general jurisdiction.
5. There are different organizational structures for trial courts and appellate courts.
6. Each state has a different way of structuring their individual state court systems.
7. Typically, at the state level, there are trial and appellate courts. Each state has a State Supreme Court.
8. Federal courts have jurisdiction to only hear federal-related cases which involve violation of federal laws.
9. The government itself must be prosecuting the case or is somehow party to the lawsuit.
10. The only criminal cases heard by a federal court would be in the instance in which a defendant violated a federal law or in instances where defendants believe the state has actually violated federal law.
11. Majority of prosecutions are not prosecuted in federal courts but rather in state courts.
12. Federal courts have both trial and appellate courts and the “court of last resort” known as the United States Supreme Court.
13. There are a number of specialty courts under the federal court system.
14. For example, members of the United States Armed Forces who have been accused of violating criminal laws for individuals in the military, are tried in courts-martial.
15. Drug courts have been responsible for dealing with nonviolent offenders accused of drug crimes.
16. Members of American Indian tribes can be tried by tribal courts for crimes that have been committed on tribal land.
17. The United States Immigration Court concerns themselves with matters of worker’s compensation and employment benefits.
18. Teen courts are another specialized court that deal with first time, nonviolent, youth offenders.
19. The objective of these teen courts is to deter youthful offenders.
20. Teen peers serve as the prosecution, defense attorneys, and the jury.
Slide 2
1. There are various types of judges known as magistrates, justices of the peace, commissioners, and referees.
2. Magistrates and justices of the peace typically handle minor legal matters.
3. Court commissioners whom are also known as referees, generally preside over earlier stages of the court process and are typically found in juvenile and family courts.
4. They also hear many misdemeanor and felony cases and appeals as well.
5. United States Supreme Court judges are known as justices.
6. There are various types of prosecutors.
7. Special prosecutors are allocated the authority to investigate and bring upon charges in high profile political scandals.
8. Most states have A ...
CJUS 500
Presentation: Courts (Part 1) Transcript
Slide 1
1. The American criminal justice system is a dual court system. This means that we have court structures at both the state and federal levels.
2. There are courts of general jurisdiction and courts of limited jurisdiction.
3. Courts of general jurisdiction here all types of cases whereas courts of limited jurisdiction, only here specific types of cases.
4. Generally, criminal trials fall under the courts of general jurisdiction.
5. There are different organizational structures for trial courts and appellate courts.
6. Each state has a different way of structuring their individual state court systems.
7. Typically, at the state level, there are trial and appellate courts. Each state has a State Supreme Court.
8. Federal courts have jurisdiction to only hear federal-related cases which involve violation of federal laws.
9. The government itself must be prosecuting the case or is somehow party to the lawsuit.
10. The only criminal cases heard by a federal court would be in the instance in which a defendant violated a federal law or in instances where defendants believe the state has actually violated federal law.
11. Majority of prosecutions are not prosecuted in federal courts but rather in state courts.
12. Federal courts have both trial and appellate courts and the “court of last resort” known as the United States Supreme Court.
13. There are a number of specialty courts under the federal court system.
14. For example, members of the United States Armed Forces who have been accused of violating criminal laws for individuals in the military, are tried in courts-martial.
15. Drug courts have been responsible for dealing with nonviolent offenders accused of drug crimes.
16. Members of American Indian tribes can be tried by tribal courts for crimes that have been committed on tribal land.
17. The United States Immigration Court concerns themselves with matters of worker’s compensation and employment benefits.
18. Teen courts are another specialized court that deal with first time, nonviolent, youth offenders.
19. The objective of these teen courts is to deter youthful offenders.
20. Teen peers serve as the prosecution, defense attorneys, and the jury.
Slide 2
1. There are various types of judges known as magistrates, justices of the peace, commissioners, and referees.
2. Magistrates and justices of the peace typically handle minor legal matters.
3. Court commissioners whom are also known as referees, generally preside over earlier stages of the court process and are typically found in juvenile and family courts.
4. They also hear many misdemeanor and felony cases and appeals as well.
5. United States Supreme Court judges are known as justices.
6. There are various types of prosecutors.
7. Special prosecutors are allocated the authority to investigate and bring upon charges in high profile political scandals.
8. Most states have A.
A law practitioner should know the following matter; What is law? Where is law? How to find out the law? Where you should go to find out the better remedy? How to read the law? Law should be read repeatedly. How to apply the law? And in order to practice the civil matter, a law practitioner should go through the following laws:
1. The Code of Civil Procedure.
2. Civil Rules and Orders.
3. Civil Suits Instruction Manual.
4. The Civil Court Act.
5. The Court Fees Act.
6. The Suit Valuation Act.
World Legal System and their Salient FeaturesSagar Bansal
TOPICS - COMMON LAW, CIVIL LAW, RELIGION - STATE RELATION, INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM.
Legal system refers to a procedure or process for interpreting and enforcing the law. It elaborates the rights and responsibilities in a variety of ways. Three major legal systems of the world consist of civil law, common law and religious law.
1. Legal ProceduresLegal Procedures
(Law & Courts)(Law & Courts)
ByBy
Dr. Pervaiz ZarifDr. Pervaiz Zarif
MBBS, DMJMBBS, DMJ
Forensic Medicine & ToxicologyForensic Medicine & Toxicology
DepartmentDepartment
SIMS, Lahore.SIMS, Lahore.
2. FORENSIC MEDICINEFORENSIC MEDICINE
Definition:
Forensic medicine deals with the application of
medical knowledge to the administration of the
law and to the furthering of justice and in
addition it includes the legal relation of medical
man and moral obligations which rest upon him.
4. Types of law:
Depending upon origin:
- Common law
- Statue law
- Shariat law
Depending on the types of cases being handled
- Criminal law
- Civil law.
5. Common law:
It is conduct of individuals enforced by
the community in which we live. It is
unwritten and is based on the immemorial
usage of conventions or customs of the
community.
Statute law:
It is a written law in which the rule of
conduct is defined, codified in sections and
made law by the parliament in relation to
changes in the circumstances of that
community e.g. Englishman invaded India
6. Shariat law:
It is based on injunctions of Islam.
Criminal law:
It is the rule of conduct, which is to be
observed by all. There is prohibition of
commission (to commit) of some act or even
omission (not do something which should be
done) of some act and is enforced by
punishment.
e.g. nobody should commit murder or to cause
road accidents etc.
We can say that criminal law is for better law
and order situation or better government with
in a country.
7. Civil law:
It deals with the rights of the individuals and
provides remedies for personal sufferings
e.g. land lord and tenants dispute, divorce
cases etc.
8. COURTS AND LEGAL PROCEDURES
Whenever an individual is accused for a
breach of criminal law or aggrieved from
some other individuals under civil law the
case is brought for decision before an
officer, which is called as ‘judge’,. To arrive
at decision some proceeding are conducted
in the light of civil / criminal procedure code,
civil / criminal penal code and evidence act.
These are collectively called as ‘legal
procedures’. The place where these
proceeding are done and judge sits is called
‘the court’.
9. There are two parties in any case.
1)Prosecution:
That brings in a charge and in criminal cases
the prosecution is always the state.
2)Defense:
That defines or defends the charge.
The conclusion or decision of the judge after
the proceedings is called,” the judgments”.
10. The lawyers conduct the proceedings
both for the prosecution and defense.
The court has other staff members beside the
judge.
1) The typist
2) Reader
3) Record keepers
4) Law officer to assist the judge.
11. POWERS OF THE COURT:
1.Compel the appearance in court:
a)Issuance of a summon.
The summon is a written order issued by a
court of justice compelling a person to attend the
court on particular date and time for a certain
purpose like, to give evidence, to produce a
document or thing, as an accused.
It is served in duplicate and is signed and
sealed by court issuing it. It is served by police
official or official of the court.
One copy of the summon is retained by the
person to whom it is being served while the other
copy is duly signed by him as an
acknowledgment.
12. b) When a person on whom the summon is
being served does not appears in the court
without a lawful excuse, court issues a warrant of
arrest with or without bail.
c) When warrant being not executed issue a
written proclamation as absconder and may also
order attachment of property.
d) Bond execution with or without sureties
when appears in the court.
13. 2. If there is non-attendance or omission to
produce a document or proved to be guilty
the person is awarded punishment.
14. TYPES OF COURTS, JURISDICTION &TYPES OF COURTS, JURISDICTION &
POWERS FOR PUNISHMENTPOWERS FOR PUNISHMENT..
A- Civil Courts
- District Judge.
- Civil Judge with powers of judicial magistrate
class I, II, III, and Section 30.
Jurisdiction:
Civil cases,
Criminal cases & some hadood cases
Court Power to fine Imprisonment Jurisdiction
Section 30 unlimited upto 7 years civil, criminal,
some hadood cases
Ist class Rs 100 upto 2 years -: do :-
2nd class Rs 200 upto 6 months civil & criminal
cases
3rd class Rs 50 upto 1 month -: do :-
15. B- Courts of Session and Addl. Session Judge
Powers:
Can award all punishment up to death
sentence but death sentence must be
confirmed by High Court.
Jurisdiction:
Original:
Criminal and all Hadood cases.
Appeal:
Can hear appeals against all the decision of
the courts lower to them in criminal and
16. C- High Courts:
Powers:
These can pass any sentence under law.
Jurisdiction:
Original:
Civil and Criminal cases.
Appeal:
All courts lower to them in civil and
criminal cases.
17. D- Supreme Courts:
Powers:
It has powers to grant special permission
to make appeal against any Judgment passed
by High Court.
E- Federal Shariat Courts :
Jurisdiction:
Court of appeal for Hadood cases.
18. PRINCIPLES GUIDING THE COURT TO ARRIVEPRINCIPLES GUIDING THE COURT TO ARRIVE
AT A DECISIONAT A DECISION
These principles are based on Roman law
which begin with the presumption that;
I. Every person is sane and responsible for his
action.
ii. Every person is innocent until proved guilty
iii. If at the conclusion of proceedings the court
is in any reasonable doubts about the
19. The onus of proof rest upon the Prosecution.
In criminal cases government makes an
allegation and then proves it in the court through
its functionary i.e. police.
In civil cases the party making the
allegation proves it.
However, sometimes during the course of
proceeding it may shift from one party to
another.
For example in divorce cases a girl request
separation on the charge of impotence of the
husband. She has to prove non-consummation
of marriage. If during trial husband claims his
potency but make allegation that she suffers
from vaginismus the onus of proof shifts from
wife to the husband.