This document provides information about wheat and chickpeas. It discusses the origin, morphology, cultivation, and uses of each crop. Wheat originated in southwest Asia approximately 9,000 years ago and is now a globally important food crop. Chickpeas likely originated in southeastern Turkey and the Middle East. Both crops are grown in warm temperate regions, with wheat requiring cooler temperatures and more rainfall than chickpeas. Their seeds are important food sources, and their plants and waste products have various industrial and agricultural uses.

1. FOOD CROPS :-
Wheat Chick pea

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Origin ,morphology ,cultivation and uses of
following crops :-
• Wheat
• Chick pea

3. INTRODUCTION
FOOD :-
 Food is necessary for the existence of all living
things.
 It is the basic requirements of life to survive.
 It is the building up of bodily structure ,or as a
source of energy.
 It is made of various kind of energy rich substances
like carbohydrates ,proteins ,fats ,vitamins ,and
minerals which are known as nutrients.

4. Cont…
FUNCTIONS OF FOOD :-
 Food provide energy for various metabolic activities.
 It help in growth and development of body.
 It help in replacement of worn out tisues ,repair of
damaged cells and healing of wounds.
 It provide protection against diseases.
SOURCES OF FOOD :-
 Cereals (wheat)
 Pulses(chick pea)

5. WHEAT
• Scientific name :- Triticum aestivum linn.
• Local name :- Gehu
• Family :-Gramineae (poaceae)
• Useful organ :- spikelet

6. ORIGIN
• Wheat is originated in southwestern Asia.
• Primitive relatives of present day wheat have been
discovered in some of the oldest excavations of the
world in eastern Iraq ,which date back 9000years.
• Wheat was first grown in the united states in 1602 on
an island of the massachusetts coast.
• Other archelogical findings show that bread wheat was
grown in the nile valley about 5000as well as in india
,china and england at about same time.

7. Morphology
• Wheat is an annual grass.
• Cultivated wheat (T.astivum) grows to a height of from 2 to
4 feet.
• The plant is made up of a root and shoot system.
• The roots are fibrous.
• At the end of the vegetative
Season shooting of the ear or
Bolting occurs where
Inflorescences are produced.

8. Cont…
• The inflorescence is a spike , consisting of 15-20
spikelet’s borne alternately on the rachis thus giving a
zigzag appearance.
• A spikelet consists of 1-5 flowers enclosed by pair of
glumes.
• The individual spikelet’s are sessile and solitary and
consist of from one to five flowers each.
• The mature grain consists of the embryo (6%),a starchy
endosperm (82 to 86%),the nitrogenous aleurone layer
(3 to 4%) ,and the husk (8 to 9%).
• This last structure is composed of the remains of the
nucellus ,the integuments of the seed coat,and the
ovary walls or pericarp.

9. Cultivation
• Wheat is grown in the warm temperate regions.
• Cool water relatively dry and warm summer and
average annual rainfall of 30-90 mm are suitable for
the crop.
• Loams are most suitable soul for its cultivation.
• It is sown from early October to late November.
• The requirement of seeds are 25-30 per hectare.
• Wheat is usually grow in row ,with row to row
distance of 20-22.5 cm.
• 120 kg nitrogen,40-60 kg phosphorus and 60-65 kg
potash per hectare is required for high yield.

10. Cont…
• Harvesting is done between the last week of January
and the mild of may depending on the time of sowing .
• In small farm harvesting is mostly done by hand with
saw-toothed sickles; but in large farms harvesting is
done by machines.

11. USES
• There are three main kinds of flour-suji ,maida ,aata
which are marking from the wheat.
• The flour is used for making biscuits ,cakes ,pastry
and similar articles.
• Wheat flakes are used a breakfast food.
• Wheat is also used in the manufacture of beer and
other alcoholic drink.
• Wheat straw is used for seating chairs ,stuffing
mattresses ,etc. it makes a good food for livestock.
It is also used as fodder.

12. Cont…
• The straw is used as bedding for cattle; it is also
used for padding ,many other purposes.
• Straw pulp is utilized for the manufacture of paper,
straw board and building board.
• Low graded flour are utilized in the preparation of
pastes for wall papering and ply-wood adhesive and
in iron foundries as a core binder.
• Wheat starch is used in cosmetic and
pharmaceutical industry.

13. CHICK PEA
• Scientific name : - Cicer arietinum Linn.
• Local name :- Chana
• Family :- Leguminosae (papilionaceae
/ Fabaceae )
• Useful organ :- seeds

14. ORIGIN
• Ladizinkly (1975) reported the centre of origin to be
southeastern turkey.
• Botanical and archeological evidence show that
chickpeas were first domesticated in the middle east
and widely cultivated in India ; Mediterranean area.
• Wild species are most abundant in turkey ,Iran
,Afghanistan and central Asia.
• Wild Cicer reticulatum is interfertile with the
cultivated pulse and morphologically closely look
like Cicer arietinum .

15. Morphology
• Chick peas is a small , much branched plant ,attaining a
height of about 2 feet.
• The plant is bushy annual ,which matures in 90 days .
• The leaves are pinnately
Compound.
• The flower are solitary.
• The fruit is a legume or
Pod and contains 1-3
wrinkled seeds of various
colors.

16. CULTIVATION
• It is well adapted to arid and semi regions with low to
moderate rainfall and a cool and dry climate .
• The crop thrives best in deep alluvial clay and cannot
tolerate frost at any stage of growth.
• Since nitrogen fixing bacteria occur in its root nodules
,so the nitrogen fertilizer are not required to the crop
.The crop is shown in October- november and is ready
for harvest in february.
• The seeds are threshed by trampling and splitting the
small or medium size.

17. USES
• The gram is consumed in several ways.
• Dal is prepared by splitting the whole grain into two
and removing the husks (the seed coat).
• The whole grain is eaten raw ,roasted , purched or
boiled.
• These chickpeas eating as a popcorn after roasting.
• Gram is also used as cattle feed.

18. Cont…
• It makes a nutritious feed for horses.
• The flour dal is known as baisan.
• It is used in the preparation of bread and sweets.
• Germinated gram is used as a prophylatic against
deficiency diseases ,scurvy.
• Used in textile sizing adhesives.
• Gram is nutritive pulse and
Used as a protein addition
To starchy diets;also contain
A higher percentage of oil,
4-5 percent then other pulses.

19. REFERENCES
• Economic botany by – B.P.Pandey
• Economic botany by-Pooja
• www.wikepedia.com
• www.slideshare.com