Fog computing, introduced by Cisco in 2014, decentralizes computing, networking, and storage resources closer to end users to reduce bandwidth usage and lower latency. It consists of a hierarchical framework with fog nodes at the edge, facilitates resource management, load balancing, and addresses significant security and privacy concerns, including mitigation strategies for attacks like MITM. The future includes new service models like fog-as-a-service (FaaS) and expanded applications in various industries.

1. Fog Computing
--Cloud near end user
Submitted by
Ayush Chaurasia
2014021017

2. Table of contents
1. Introduction
2. Why fog?
3. Architecture
4. Working
5. Fog computing framework
6. Load balancing mechanism
7. Security issues
8. MITM(men in the middle attack)
9. Privacy issue
10. Future of fog computing
11. conclusion

4. Introduction
• Also known as fogging
• introduced by CISCO in 2014.
• Offers decentralised resources like
• Computing
• Networking
• storage resources.
• Extension of cloud computing at the edge of the network

5. Fog is nothing but cloud near
end user

6. Why fog ?
• Fog computing saves lots of bandwidth.
• Privacy concerns.
• Maximum use of available resources
• use of user’s resources
• less number of idle resources
• Low network traffic.
• Less network latency.

7. Architecture

8. Architecture( contd..)
Fog nodes:
They are the physical devices at the edge of the network, one of the building
block of fog environment
Uses Data link layer and Network layer to transfer packets.
Examples:
• Smart router
• Smart switches
• Set top box
• Smart meters etc.

9. Architecture( contd..)
 Fog data services:
 Data reduction
 Control response
 Data virtualization
 Cloud:
 Centralized resources
 Data is sent here for
 historic/predictive analysis
 Machine learning

10. Working
 Data and information is gathered from the end users and sensors.
 Computing is performed at the Fog nodes which are at the edge of the
network near the end user.
 Some data may sent to the cloud server for purpose of analytic and
machine learning.

11. Fog computing system framework
 Hierarchal framework
 Divided into four parts
 Physical resource layer
 Resource Layer of Cloud Atomization
 Service Management
 Platform Management:

12. Physical resource layer
Consist of
 centre of cyberspace.
 computing and storage resources of the edge node
 network resources among them.

13. Resource Layer of Cloud Atomization
 Core component of fog computing system
 It carries the cloud atomization on the resources of physical layer
 Atomises the physical node with high computing and storage resources
forming multi-virtual node.
 Node with the limited resource is atomised into a single virtual machine node.

14. Service Management
 cloud atomization management
 resources monitoring
 Load Balancing
 fault processing
 Some other functions, to achieve monitoring, Management and scheduling of
the resources of cloud atomization.

15. Platform Management
 Provides the interface services to users
 achieving security
 service
 management of resources

16. Fog computing system load balance
mechanisms
 Because of the dynamic nature of the fog computing load balancing is
required.
 Steps
 Define elements of the system
 Carry out cloud atomization process on the physical node
 Abstract physical node model into virtual machine node model.
 To achieve load balancing we perform graph portioning.

17. Security and privacy Issue
Main security issues are
 Authentication
 Intrusion
Other threats
 MITM (Men in the middle attack)

18. Authentication
 To prevent spoofing and tempering.
 Solutions
 Multicast authentication
 Diffe-Hellman key exchange
Intrusion detection
Methods for detection of Intrusion
• Signature based method
• Anomaly based methods

19. MITM (Men in the middle attack)
 Gateway services are compromised
 Deceptive SSID
 They can be stealthy
 Consumes very small amount of CPU
 Encryption don’t work

20. Privacy issue
 It deals with
 Hiding details about devices used and their time
 Allowing correct summary information.
 Privacy issue can be solved using encryption
 Batch verification technique is used instead of authentication

21. Future of fog computing
 New industries are coming out in the field of fog computing
 Fog-as-a-Servicea (FaaS).
 Municipality
 Telecom network provides
 Web scale company
 fog can also create business model like cloud
 Opportunities for creating new applications and services

22. Conclusion
 Fog computing is still in its new born state
 Advantages in several domains like smart grid IoT, IoE
 It is making smart devices smarter
 Plays crucial role in IoT.
 Complementary of cloud computing.
 Security issues still needs solution