The document discusses Internet of Things (IoT) systems, architectures, and use cases. It describes typical IoT architectures involving sensors, devices, gateways, edge/fog computing, cloud platforms, and applications. It provides examples of common IoT devices like smart meters and discusses smart home use cases. Distributed software requirements across the IoT stack are also outlined.

1. Ashu Joshi
@AshuJoshi
Movinture
Accelerating your IoT Solution
1
#MovingTheFuture
IoT Systems
Technology, Architecture &
Performance

2. 3
About Movinture
http://www.movinture.com
#MovingTheFuture

3. 4
#MovingTheFuture
IoT Backend
Edge + Cloud
Data Fusion &
Integration Platform
Enabling Product as a Service
Connectivity
Data & Control
User + Device Management Business Logic Mapping
Application(s)
Enterprise (Integration)
Machine IntelligenceUse case optimized, business-model
driven IoT-applications to augment
physical products as a service.

4. 5
IoT Overview
#MovingTheFuture

5. 6
Anything that can be measured or connected or controlled, will
be.
WE NOW LIVE IN A CONNECTED
ECONOMY
yes, anything. and everything.
#MovingTheFuture

6. 7
“CEOs are moving from leading companies
that make cars, toasters, elevators,
construction equipment, washing machines
and more to companies that are, basically,
producing Internet-connected devices.” - Forrester
#MovingTheFuture
It is an opportunity to catapult your business and become
a technology company.

7. 8
#MovingTheFuture
Market Size is Huge.
Imagine when everything physical is
connected…
$6.2 Trillion Economic Opportunity by 2025
$7.6 Trillion Opportunity by 2025 in IIoT, $3.5 in Consumer

8. 9
“Things” in perspective
2015
Human
Population
# of
Devices
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Billions
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Global Internet Users 2015 -
3.25B growing @ 7%
#MovingTheFutureSource/Credits: McKinsey, IDC, KPCB,
census.gov
The scale which we build for.

9. LayeredSecurity
10
Building IoT Apps takes software, lots of
software…and a good bit of hardware
#MovingTheFuture
Connectivity Compute Storage
Sensing Actuating
OS, Drivers, Application Mgmt Framework
Web & Mobile App(s)
Data and Control
App-based User & Device Management
Business Logic & Workflow Mapping
BillingIntegration
EnterpriseIntgr.
DataInterface
Analytics
Reporting
Visualization
Machine Learning
Sensor | Actuator | Thing
| Device | Node
Gateway | Edge | Fog Cloud
Data
Analytics
Machine Learning
IoT Apps are distributed

10. 11
Let’s dig deeper
#MovingTheFuture

11. 12
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Typical IoT Architecture
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)

12. 13
Typical IoT Architecture
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
Sensor:
Responsible for interfacing
the “physical” thing to the
“digital” world
Simple or Complex: A simple
temperature sensor or a
complex machine like a
Tractor or Washing Machine
Interfaces wirelessly or wired
using many different
protocols

13. 13
Typical IoT Architecture
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
Sensor:
Responsible for interfacing
the “physical” thing to the
“digital” world
Simple or Complex: A simple
temperature sensor or a
complex machine like a
Tractor or Washing Machine
Interfaces wirelessly or wired
using many different
protocols
Gateway or Edge:
Provides local/edge
processing
Rule Engine, Local Analytics
Local storage
Interfaces to the Sensors/
Things
Connects to the Cloud,
provides IP connectivity

14. 13
Typical IoT Architecture
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
Sensor:
Responsible for interfacing
the “physical” thing to the
“digital” world
Simple or Complex: A simple
temperature sensor or a
complex machine like a
Tractor or Washing Machine
Interfaces wirelessly or wired
using many different
protocols
Gateway or Edge:
Provides local/edge
processing
Rule Engine, Local Analytics
Local storage
Interfaces to the Sensors/
Things
Connects to the Cloud,
provides IP connectivity
Cloud:
Interfaces with all sensors/
things, collects data, and
controls/manages the things
interfaces with business
applications
provides interface for control,
visualization, reporting,
alerts/notifications

15. 13
Typical IoT Architecture
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
Sensor:
Responsible for interfacing
the “physical” thing to the
“digital” world
Simple or Complex: A simple
temperature sensor or a
complex machine like a
Tractor or Washing Machine
Interfaces wirelessly or wired
using many different
protocols
Gateway or Edge:
Provides local/edge
processing
Rule Engine, Local Analytics
Local storage
Interfaces to the Sensors/
Things
Connects to the Cloud,
provides IP connectivity
Cloud:
Interfaces with all sensors/
things, collects data, and
controls/manages the things
interfaces with business
applications
provides interface for control,
visualization, reporting,
alerts/notifications
Mobile Apps:
Mobile Apps - primarily
design to work @ system
level
Aiding in provisioning,
installing and monitoring
Consumer/Customer level
user interface to interact or
manage the system

16. 14
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Where are the “things”?
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)

17. 14
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Where are the “things”?
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
10s of
Billions
Billions
100s of
Millions
10s-100s of
Thousands

18. 15
Software across Distributed Architecture
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)

19. 15
Software across Distributed Architecture
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)

20. 15
Software across Distributed Architecture
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
Primarily Embedded
Programming with C & C++
Node/JS and Python
gaining some traction, and
may continue to grow
Java-versions also present
Constrained level
programming, firmware
talent. Talent hard to come
by
Knowledge of hardware
benefits

21. 15
Software across Distributed Architecture
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
Primarily Embedded
Programming with C & C++
Node/JS and Python
gaining some traction, and
may continue to grow
Java-versions also present
Constrained level
programming, firmware
talent. Talent hard to come
by
Knowledge of hardware
benefits
Mix of Embedded/Firmware
and High Level Programming
Most Gateways support Linux
- Linux/Unix style OS
programming experience
helpful
Languages: C/C++/Node/
Python/Java
Connectivity Stack, Drivers,
Networking Protocols
Sockets, REST, Pub/Sub

22. 15
Software across Distributed Architecture
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
Primarily Embedded
Programming with C & C++
Node/JS and Python
gaining some traction, and
may continue to grow
Java-versions also present
Constrained level
programming, firmware
talent. Talent hard to come
by
Knowledge of hardware
benefits
Mix of Embedded/Firmware
and High Level Programming
Most Gateways support Linux
- Linux/Unix style OS
programming experience
helpful
Languages: C/C++/Node/
Python/Java
Connectivity Stack, Drivers,
Networking Protocols
Sockets, REST, Pub/Sub
Public Cloud: AWS, Azure,
Heroku, Bluemix, Google
Java,Node(Primary), Other:
Net,Golang
API Integration, Cloud to
Cloud, Pub/Sub, Messaging
Enterprise Integration
Remote Mgmt / Dev Mgmt
Visualization & Analytics

23. 15
Software across Distributed Architecture
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
Primarily Embedded
Programming with C & C++
Node/JS and Python
gaining some traction, and
may continue to grow
Java-versions also present
Constrained level
programming, firmware
talent. Talent hard to come
by
Knowledge of hardware
benefits
Mix of Embedded/Firmware
and High Level Programming
Most Gateways support Linux
- Linux/Unix style OS
programming experience
helpful
Languages: C/C++/Node/
Python/Java
Connectivity Stack, Drivers,
Networking Protocols
Sockets, REST, Pub/Sub
Public Cloud: AWS, Azure,
Heroku, Bluemix, Google
Java,Node(Primary), Other:
Net,Golang
API Integration, Cloud to
Cloud, Pub/Sub, Messaging
Enterprise Integration
Remote Mgmt / Dev Mgmt
Visualization & Analytics
Web technologies for Web
Apps
IOS / Android
Networking & Protocol
Programming

24. 16
#MovingTheFuture
Edge: Sensor - Gateway
Sensor | Actuator | Thing
| Device | Node Gateway | Edge | Fog
Sensing:
Accelerometer, Magnetometer, Gyroscope,
Pressure, Temperature, Altimeter, pH, Gas,
Proximity
Actuator
Embedded Processing: MCU, MPU, Hybrid
MPU, Network Processor, Graphics
Processor
OS/RTOS, Drivers, Network Stack, Security,
Remote Management, Provisioning
Connectivity
Display
Examples: Appliances, Vehicles, Machines,
Vending Machines, Aircraft, Drones, Toys,
Wearables, etc. List is endless!
Interfacing to the Sensors/Actuators
Support for the Connectivity
Connects to Multiple Sensors/Actuators
Higher End processors
Off the Shelf / DIY Example: Raspberry Pi,
Beaglebone etc.
Typically runs Linux or an RTOS, Drivers,
Network Stack, Security, Remote
Management, Provisioning
Connects to the Internet using 3G/LTE,
Ethernet, Wi-Fi etc.
Typically “many” things connected to a Gateway/Edge

25. 17
#MovingTheFuture
Gateway - Cloud
Gateway | Edge | Fog
Interfacing to the Sensors/Actuators
Support for the Connectivity
Connects to Multiple Sensors/Actuators
Higher End processors
Off the Shelf / DIY Example: Raspberry Pi,
Beaglebone etc.
Typically runs Linux or an RTOS, Drivers,
Network Stack, Security, Remote
Management, Provisioning
Connects to the Internet using 3G/LTE,
Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Satellite
etc.
Cloud:
Manages and communicates with multiple
gateways and devices/sensors
Data Management
Device & Gateway Management
Enterprise Integration
Billing & Payments
Analytics, Machine Intelligence, Predictive
Maintenance, Reporting, Visualization
etc.
AWS/Azure/GC/Bluemix, Data Center etc.
Typically many gateways to the cloud
Cloud, Data, ML/AI
MQTT
HTTP
WebSockets
DDS, XMPP
Other

26. Complex & Composite Devices
Each Car today (i.e. Non
Autonomous) has 100s may be
1000s of sensors, 40 to 50
Microprocessors, multiple
connectivity (buses) internally. And
many offer 3G/LTE connections to
the Cloud for Service &
Entertainment.
Autonomous cars will have Edge-
capable AI/ML engines
(happening today). And 10x more
sensors.
Fun Fact
High End Luxury cars have MORE
100 millions line of code, more
than a Dreamliner 787
18

27. 19
IoT Use Case: Smart Meters
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)

28. 19
IoT Use Case: Smart Meters
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)

29. 19
IoT Use Case: Smart Meters
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)Multiple connectivity options
Sub GHz Wireless common
2G/3G
Newer LPWANs trying to compete such as
LoRaWAN & SigFox
Many are vendor-specific such as Sensus
Flexnet or SSN StarFish.
TRAFFIC PATTERN:
100s of Bytes, 15 Minutes intervals most
frequent, mostly monthly readings
Unidirectional: Meter to Gateway to Utility
Utilities: Gas, Water,
Electric
Metering Providers:
SSN, Sensus, Itron,
Elster etc.

30. 19
IoT Use Case: Smart Meters
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)Multiple connectivity options
Sub GHz Wireless common
2G/3G
Newer LPWANs trying to compete such as
LoRaWAN & SigFox
Many are vendor-specific such as Sensus
Flexnet or SSN StarFish.
TRAFFIC PATTERN:
100s of Bytes, 15 Minutes intervals most
frequent, mostly monthly readings
Unidirectional: Meter to Gateway to Utility
Utilities: Gas, Water,
Electric
Metering Providers:
SSN, Sensus, Itron,
Elster etc.
WW Installed Base
(Electric Smart
Meters) by 2020:
~ 850 million 10s may be 100s of
companies dedicated
to providing analytics
for meter data!!!

31. 20
IoT Use Case: Smart Home
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)

32. 20
IoT Use Case: Smart Home
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)

33. 20
IoT Use Case: Smart Home
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
Nest Thermostat is a Complex Device - it
supports Wi-Fi, ZigBee and has a very
capable processor.
It is a mini Gateway + Sensor
Connectivity: Home Wi-Fi (can function
offline)
Traffic Pattern:
Frequent, in MB
BI DIRECTIONAL
Nest Cam is a complex device.
Sensor is the Camera, Microphone.
It is a mini Gateway + Sensor
Connectivity: Home Wi-Fi (can function
offline)
Traffic Pattern:
24x7 OR on Command
High Bandwidth, Gigabytes if 24x7
Low Bandwidth bidirectional - control and
speaker
Nest Protect - both constrained in some
respects, and complex.
Gas Sensing.
Communicates with the Nest Thermostat
over 802.15.4 / Thread network
Traffic pattern:
Continuous, mostly local. Critical traffic.
developer.nest.com - Fun fact - used to
run on AWS even after the Google
acquisition. Seems to have recently
moved away from AWS.
Nest works with Utilities to
run Energy Management
programs - such as
Demand / Response
“Works with Nest” program - Cloud to
cloud integration with other Smart &
Connected devices/appliances.

34. 21
IoT Use Cases: Smart Buildings
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)

35. 21
IoT Use Cases: Smart Buildings
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
Sensors e.g. occupancy
Connected Lights
Smart Utility
Meters / Submeters
Building HVACs
Security & Surveillance
Building
Management
System
Building
Management
System
BACNet Controllers

36. 21
IoT Use Cases: Smart Buildings
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
Sensors e.g. occupancy
Connected Lights
Smart Utility
Meters / Submeters
Building HVACs
Security & Surveillance
Building
Management
System
Building
Management
System
BACNet Controllers
Multiple Protocols inside the building:
BACNet, ZigBee, LoRa, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
Other proprietary
Diversity of devices - constrained devices
like Occupancy Sensors. Gateways for
Lighting Control.
HVAC & Air Conditioning systems
Security and Surveillance - constrained
devices like Card Readers & complex
devices like HD Cameras

37. 22
Summary: Managing Diversity
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)

38. 22
Summary: Managing Diversity
Devices (Constrained)
Sensors & Actuators
Enterprise
Integration
IoT-Cloud
Complex /
Composite
Devices
Gateways
Edge | Fog
User-facing IoT
Apps
Sensing | Telemetry
Actuation | Control
Partner / Customer
IoT Cloud(s)
Frequency
Monthly/Daily 24x7x365
Amount
Trickle / Few Bytes River/HD Video MB/GB
Latency
milliseconds
/forgiving
micro/nano
deterministic
Multiple Protocols
HTTP, MQTT, Web Sockets,
XMPP, etc.
Bidirectional traffic is
common. Deterministic &
low-latency is requirement
Running “Cloud” at the
“Edge” is necessary.
Federation between
Edge(s) and Cloud

39. 23
Wrap Up / Q&A / Demos
#MovingTheFuture
Ashu Joshi
@AshuJoshi