DETAILED STUDY OF FOAM CONCRETE
1- MATERIALS USED
2- MACHINE USED( HAND MAKING WORKABLE EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING)
3-TESTING PROCEDURE
4- YOU GUYZ CAN ALSO LEARN THROUGH THE PHOTOGRAPHS
This document presents a project on the properties and applications of foam concrete. It was presented by two students from the Department of Civil Engineering at KUET. The document defines foam concrete as a cement-based slurry with at least 20% entrained foam. It discusses the materials and manufacturing process of foam concrete and describes its key properties like compressive strength, thermal conductivity, drying shrinkage and fire resistance which vary according to density. The document also outlines various applications of foam concrete in construction based on density and highlights its advantages like light weight and rapid construction as well as limitations. Finally, it discusses the potential of foam concrete in Bangladesh.
MEANING OF MIX DESIGN
GRADE OF CONCRETE.
FACTORS INFLUCING THE CHOICE OF MIX DESIGN.
MATHODS OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
MIX DESIGN BY INDIAN STANDARD METHOD.
Lightweight concrete, also known as foam concrete or foamed concrete, is a cement-based material that is produced using a minimum of 20% foam to replace fine aggregate, resulting in a density of 400-1600 kg/m3. It has advantages over normal concrete such as lower weight, improved thermal insulation and fire resistance, cost savings, and easier construction. Some disadvantages include increased mixing time and difficulty in finishing due to its porous nature. Foam concrete has a variety of applications and has been used successfully in marine structures, bridges, and railway platforms.
Project report on self compacting concreterajhoney
This project report summarizes research conducted on developing self-compacting concrete using industrial waste. A group of students conducted the research under the guidance of Prof. M. B. Kumthekar to fulfill requirements for a B.E. in Civil Engineering from Shivaji University, Kolhapur. The report documents the need for self-compacting concrete to improve construction efficiency and concrete quality. It describes tests conducted to utilize red mud and foundry waste sand as partial replacements for cement in self-compacting concrete mixtures and analyze the results.
This document discusses using a scientific approach to determine the workability of concrete by measuring its rheological properties. It outlines that workability is traditionally determined through empirical tests like slump tests, which have limitations. Rheology allows measurement of yield stress and plastic viscosity, parameters that better describe concrete flow. Various rheometers are described that can measure these properties, like coaxial cylinder and parallel plate devices. Factors influencing concrete rheology are also discussed. The document concludes workability should be evaluated based on rheological measurements to address limitations of empirical tests.
The document discusses the rebound hammer test, which is a non-destructive testing method used to determine the compressive strength of concrete. The rebound hammer test works by striking an elastic mass against the concrete surface and measuring the rebound; a higher rebound number indicates higher compressive strength. Several factors can influence the test results, including the type of aggregate, cement, surface condition, curing and age of the concrete. To obtain accurate readings, the test procedure and data interpretation must account for these potential variables.
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
This document presents a project on the properties and applications of foam concrete. It was presented by two students from the Department of Civil Engineering at KUET. The document defines foam concrete as a cement-based slurry with at least 20% entrained foam. It discusses the materials and manufacturing process of foam concrete and describes its key properties like compressive strength, thermal conductivity, drying shrinkage and fire resistance which vary according to density. The document also outlines various applications of foam concrete in construction based on density and highlights its advantages like light weight and rapid construction as well as limitations. Finally, it discusses the potential of foam concrete in Bangladesh.
MEANING OF MIX DESIGN
GRADE OF CONCRETE.
FACTORS INFLUCING THE CHOICE OF MIX DESIGN.
MATHODS OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
MIX DESIGN BY INDIAN STANDARD METHOD.
Lightweight concrete, also known as foam concrete or foamed concrete, is a cement-based material that is produced using a minimum of 20% foam to replace fine aggregate, resulting in a density of 400-1600 kg/m3. It has advantages over normal concrete such as lower weight, improved thermal insulation and fire resistance, cost savings, and easier construction. Some disadvantages include increased mixing time and difficulty in finishing due to its porous nature. Foam concrete has a variety of applications and has been used successfully in marine structures, bridges, and railway platforms.
Project report on self compacting concreterajhoney
This project report summarizes research conducted on developing self-compacting concrete using industrial waste. A group of students conducted the research under the guidance of Prof. M. B. Kumthekar to fulfill requirements for a B.E. in Civil Engineering from Shivaji University, Kolhapur. The report documents the need for self-compacting concrete to improve construction efficiency and concrete quality. It describes tests conducted to utilize red mud and foundry waste sand as partial replacements for cement in self-compacting concrete mixtures and analyze the results.
This document discusses using a scientific approach to determine the workability of concrete by measuring its rheological properties. It outlines that workability is traditionally determined through empirical tests like slump tests, which have limitations. Rheology allows measurement of yield stress and plastic viscosity, parameters that better describe concrete flow. Various rheometers are described that can measure these properties, like coaxial cylinder and parallel plate devices. Factors influencing concrete rheology are also discussed. The document concludes workability should be evaluated based on rheological measurements to address limitations of empirical tests.
The document discusses the rebound hammer test, which is a non-destructive testing method used to determine the compressive strength of concrete. The rebound hammer test works by striking an elastic mass against the concrete surface and measuring the rebound; a higher rebound number indicates higher compressive strength. Several factors can influence the test results, including the type of aggregate, cement, surface condition, curing and age of the concrete. To obtain accurate readings, the test procedure and data interpretation must account for these potential variables.
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
This document summarizes research on geopolymer concrete as an alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete is made through a chemical reaction of aluminosilicate materials like fly ash with an alkaline solution, forming a three dimensional polymeric chain structure. It offers benefits over Portland cement like lower CO2 emissions in production, higher strength and durability, and the ability to utilize industrial waste materials. Some potential applications highlighted include use in coastal and cold weather construction for its chloride resistance, as well as airport runways and highways due to its heat resistance.
This document discusses self-compacting concrete (SCC), which does not require vibration for compaction. It can be designed to have good filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. The document outlines the objectives, specifications, advantages, applications, characteristics, and test methods for SCC. It also reviews literature on using fibers or fly ash to improve properties of hardened SCC and its alkaline resistance.
This document describes an experimental study on floating concrete conducted by a group of students. Floating concrete is a type of lightweight concrete with a density lower than 1000 kg/m3 that floats on water. The study aims to identify lightweight materials that can be used to make concrete float while maintaining strength. Extended polystyrene (EPS) beads are used to replace conventional aggregates and reduce the density. The methodology involves preparing EPS-based floating concrete cubes with different proportions and testing their compressive strength and density. Test results of the raw materials are also presented.
This document provides information on concrete mix design, including objectives, basic considerations, and the IS (Indian Standards) method for mix design. The objectives of mix design are to achieve the desired workability, strength, durability, and cost. Basic considerations include cost, specifications, workability, strength, durability, and aggregate grading. The IS method is then described in steps, including selecting target strength, water-cement ratio, air content, water and sand contents, cement content, and aggregate contents. An example application of the IS method is also provided.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in India with annual consumption exceeding 100 million cubic meters.
High performance concrete is a concrete in which certain characteristics are developed for a particular application and environment, so that it will give excellent performance in the structure in which it will be placed.
A high-strength concrete is always a high performance concrete, but a high-performance concrete is not always a high-strength concrete.
Vacuum concrete is the type of concrete in which the excess water is removed for improving concrete strength.
The water is removed by use of vacuum mats connected to a vacuum pump.
The main aim of this technique is to extract extra water from concrete surface using vacuum dewatering.
Water plays a key role in cement concrete as it acts as a reactant in the chemical process of hydration that provides concrete its strength over time. The water-cement ratio is an important factor, with lower ratios producing higher strength concrete. Water used for mixing must meet requirements for quality and impurities. Admixtures can be used to improve workability or reduce the water content. Proper curing is also important for achieving design strength and durability of the concrete. Sprayed concrete has advantages over poured concrete such as lower permeability and faster strength gain.
Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC), also called Strain Hardening Cement-based Composites (SHCC) or more popularly as bendable concrete, is an easily molded mortar-based composite reinforced with specially selected short random fibers, usually polymer fibers. Unlike regular concrete, ECC has a strain capacity in the range of 3–7%, compared to 0.01% for ordinary portland cement (OPC ...
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Partial replacement of cement with glass powder and egg shell ash in concreteFresher Thinking
This document summarizes a study on partially replacing cement with glass powder and egg shell ash in concrete. Concrete cubes were made with 0%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% replacement of cement and tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The testing showed that concrete with 20% replacement achieved higher compressive and split tensile strengths compared to the control mix without replacement. The study aims to increase the strength of concrete while reducing waste and the cost of concrete production.
Glass powder replacement for cement.by ananth k p coorgMujeeb Muji
This document discusses a research study on using waste glass powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. The objectives were to increase workability, compressive strength, and lighten the concrete, while also reducing landfill waste. Glass powder replaced up to 30% of cement in the concrete mixes. The results showed that mixes with glass powder had higher workability and only slightly lower compressive strength compared to standard mixes. The glass powder also lightened the concrete. Therefore, the study concluded that using waste glass powder in concrete is an effective way to increase sustainability while maintaining adequate performance properties.
Marsh cone test is reliable and simple method to study the rheological properties of cements and mortars.
Flow time of cement/mortar through marsh cone is indicator of viscosity, which depends upon cement super plasticizer compatibility.
Concrete permeability is a key factor in its durability. Permeability is affected by water-cement ratio, with lower ratios producing less permeable concrete. Curing also impacts permeability. Proper curing, including moist curing, produces less permeable concrete. Permeability testing involves measuring water flow through a sample over time under pressure. Sulfate attack can occur when sulfates penetrate permeable concrete and form expansive compounds that crack the material. Resistance to sulfates is improved with lower permeability concrete.
The document discusses fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). It provides a brief history of FRC, noting that fibers were initially asbestos but have since been replaced by steel, glass, and synthetic fibers. The document defines FRC as concrete containing fibers, water, aggregate, and cement. It discusses the types and benefits of fibers, including improved ductility and crack resistance. The document also examines factors that influence FRC properties such as fiber volume, aspect ratio, orientation. It provides examples of FRC applications and concludes that FRC improves energy absorption and can reduce costs compared to conventional concrete.
High volume fly ash concrete is a concrete where a replacement of about 35% or more of cement is made with the usage of fly ash.
Fly ash concrete is an eco-friendly construction material in which fly ash replaces a part of Portland cement.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) on the geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. The study involved testing black cotton soil mixed with varying percentages of GGBS. Tests showed that adding GGBS increased the maximum dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content of the soil. It also significantly reduced swelling, and increased the unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio of the soil. Using 30% GGBS improved the engineering properties of the black cotton soil to meet specifications. Therefore, GGBS can effectively stabilize black cotton soil.
This document discusses ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), a byproduct of steel production that can be used in concrete production. It has several benefits over traditional Portland cement concrete including greater strength, durability, and sustainability. GGBFS concrete exhibits improved sulfate and chloride resistance, reduces temperatures in large pours, and results in a lighter colored, smoother finish. It also enhances workability and pumpability while requiring less water. Overall, incorporating GGBFS in concrete delivers higher performance while reducing costs and environmental impact.
This document discusses high-strength concrete (HSC). It defines HSC as concrete with a 28-day compressive strength of over 40 MPa. HSC uses a low water-cement ratio, smaller aggregate sizes, and admixtures like silica fume and superplasticizers. Compared to normal-strength concrete, HSC has higher resistance to pressure, modulus of elasticity, and strength gained at an earlier age. Some applications of HSC mentioned include bridges, high-rise buildings, power plants, and skyscrapers. The document concludes that interest in HSC is growing rapidly due to its advantages like reduced material needs and increased construction speeds.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was developed in Japan in the 1980s to achieve complete compaction without vibration. SCC flows under its own weight, fills formwork and passes through reinforced areas without segregation of ingredients. It consists of cement, fine and coarse aggregates, chemical and mineral admixtures. Superplasticizers and viscosity modifying agents provide workability and stability. Tests like slump flow, V-funnel, and J-ring evaluate filling ability, passing ability and resistance to segregation. SCC offers benefits of reduced labor, better compaction and surface finish compared to conventional concrete but requires more precise material proportions and quality control.
This document provides information on self-compacting concrete (SCC) and light-weight concrete. It defines SCC as concrete that can flow and fill formwork without vibration due to its high fluidity. Benefits of SCC include faster construction, improved quality, and a safer work environment. Light-weight concrete is defined as having a density of less than 2200kg/m3, containing porous aggregates, and including an expanding agent. Examples of structures built with SCC include Burj Dubai and an airport control tower in Stockholm. Requirements for producing SCC and light-weight concrete are also outlined.
Cellular Lightweight Concrete is also known as CLC. In other words, CLC is also known as foamed concrete. The CLC is widely used for construction purposes as it has various advantages and usage than the traditional concrete bricks.
The foamed concrete is manufactured from mixing of Portland cement, sand, fly ash, water and performed foam in varied proportions. This CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete) can be produced at building sites with the use of machines and molds used for normal concrete.
One of an important characteristic of foamed concrete is it has self-compacting property as there is no compaction is required. And also, it easily flows out from the pump to fill the mold. With this property is can be pumped to maximum distance and height.
For continuous cellular lightweight concrete is manufactured by mixing light mortar and preformed foam under pressure in a special static mixer.
This document summarizes research on geopolymer concrete as an alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete is made through a chemical reaction of aluminosilicate materials like fly ash with an alkaline solution, forming a three dimensional polymeric chain structure. It offers benefits over Portland cement like lower CO2 emissions in production, higher strength and durability, and the ability to utilize industrial waste materials. Some potential applications highlighted include use in coastal and cold weather construction for its chloride resistance, as well as airport runways and highways due to its heat resistance.
This document discusses self-compacting concrete (SCC), which does not require vibration for compaction. It can be designed to have good filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. The document outlines the objectives, specifications, advantages, applications, characteristics, and test methods for SCC. It also reviews literature on using fibers or fly ash to improve properties of hardened SCC and its alkaline resistance.
This document describes an experimental study on floating concrete conducted by a group of students. Floating concrete is a type of lightweight concrete with a density lower than 1000 kg/m3 that floats on water. The study aims to identify lightweight materials that can be used to make concrete float while maintaining strength. Extended polystyrene (EPS) beads are used to replace conventional aggregates and reduce the density. The methodology involves preparing EPS-based floating concrete cubes with different proportions and testing their compressive strength and density. Test results of the raw materials are also presented.
This document provides information on concrete mix design, including objectives, basic considerations, and the IS (Indian Standards) method for mix design. The objectives of mix design are to achieve the desired workability, strength, durability, and cost. Basic considerations include cost, specifications, workability, strength, durability, and aggregate grading. The IS method is then described in steps, including selecting target strength, water-cement ratio, air content, water and sand contents, cement content, and aggregate contents. An example application of the IS method is also provided.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in India with annual consumption exceeding 100 million cubic meters.
High performance concrete is a concrete in which certain characteristics are developed for a particular application and environment, so that it will give excellent performance in the structure in which it will be placed.
A high-strength concrete is always a high performance concrete, but a high-performance concrete is not always a high-strength concrete.
Vacuum concrete is the type of concrete in which the excess water is removed for improving concrete strength.
The water is removed by use of vacuum mats connected to a vacuum pump.
The main aim of this technique is to extract extra water from concrete surface using vacuum dewatering.
Water plays a key role in cement concrete as it acts as a reactant in the chemical process of hydration that provides concrete its strength over time. The water-cement ratio is an important factor, with lower ratios producing higher strength concrete. Water used for mixing must meet requirements for quality and impurities. Admixtures can be used to improve workability or reduce the water content. Proper curing is also important for achieving design strength and durability of the concrete. Sprayed concrete has advantages over poured concrete such as lower permeability and faster strength gain.
Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC), also called Strain Hardening Cement-based Composites (SHCC) or more popularly as bendable concrete, is an easily molded mortar-based composite reinforced with specially selected short random fibers, usually polymer fibers. Unlike regular concrete, ECC has a strain capacity in the range of 3–7%, compared to 0.01% for ordinary portland cement (OPC ...
bendable concrete pdf
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flexible bendable material
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engineered cementitious composites
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bendable construction materials
interesting civil engineering topics
seminar topics pdf
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civil seminar topics ppt
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
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latest civil engineering seminar topics
Partial replacement of cement with glass powder and egg shell ash in concreteFresher Thinking
This document summarizes a study on partially replacing cement with glass powder and egg shell ash in concrete. Concrete cubes were made with 0%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% replacement of cement and tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The testing showed that concrete with 20% replacement achieved higher compressive and split tensile strengths compared to the control mix without replacement. The study aims to increase the strength of concrete while reducing waste and the cost of concrete production.
Glass powder replacement for cement.by ananth k p coorgMujeeb Muji
This document discusses a research study on using waste glass powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. The objectives were to increase workability, compressive strength, and lighten the concrete, while also reducing landfill waste. Glass powder replaced up to 30% of cement in the concrete mixes. The results showed that mixes with glass powder had higher workability and only slightly lower compressive strength compared to standard mixes. The glass powder also lightened the concrete. Therefore, the study concluded that using waste glass powder in concrete is an effective way to increase sustainability while maintaining adequate performance properties.
Marsh cone test is reliable and simple method to study the rheological properties of cements and mortars.
Flow time of cement/mortar through marsh cone is indicator of viscosity, which depends upon cement super plasticizer compatibility.
Concrete permeability is a key factor in its durability. Permeability is affected by water-cement ratio, with lower ratios producing less permeable concrete. Curing also impacts permeability. Proper curing, including moist curing, produces less permeable concrete. Permeability testing involves measuring water flow through a sample over time under pressure. Sulfate attack can occur when sulfates penetrate permeable concrete and form expansive compounds that crack the material. Resistance to sulfates is improved with lower permeability concrete.
The document discusses fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). It provides a brief history of FRC, noting that fibers were initially asbestos but have since been replaced by steel, glass, and synthetic fibers. The document defines FRC as concrete containing fibers, water, aggregate, and cement. It discusses the types and benefits of fibers, including improved ductility and crack resistance. The document also examines factors that influence FRC properties such as fiber volume, aspect ratio, orientation. It provides examples of FRC applications and concludes that FRC improves energy absorption and can reduce costs compared to conventional concrete.
High volume fly ash concrete is a concrete where a replacement of about 35% or more of cement is made with the usage of fly ash.
Fly ash concrete is an eco-friendly construction material in which fly ash replaces a part of Portland cement.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) on the geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. The study involved testing black cotton soil mixed with varying percentages of GGBS. Tests showed that adding GGBS increased the maximum dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content of the soil. It also significantly reduced swelling, and increased the unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio of the soil. Using 30% GGBS improved the engineering properties of the black cotton soil to meet specifications. Therefore, GGBS can effectively stabilize black cotton soil.
This document discusses ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), a byproduct of steel production that can be used in concrete production. It has several benefits over traditional Portland cement concrete including greater strength, durability, and sustainability. GGBFS concrete exhibits improved sulfate and chloride resistance, reduces temperatures in large pours, and results in a lighter colored, smoother finish. It also enhances workability and pumpability while requiring less water. Overall, incorporating GGBFS in concrete delivers higher performance while reducing costs and environmental impact.
This document discusses high-strength concrete (HSC). It defines HSC as concrete with a 28-day compressive strength of over 40 MPa. HSC uses a low water-cement ratio, smaller aggregate sizes, and admixtures like silica fume and superplasticizers. Compared to normal-strength concrete, HSC has higher resistance to pressure, modulus of elasticity, and strength gained at an earlier age. Some applications of HSC mentioned include bridges, high-rise buildings, power plants, and skyscrapers. The document concludes that interest in HSC is growing rapidly due to its advantages like reduced material needs and increased construction speeds.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was developed in Japan in the 1980s to achieve complete compaction without vibration. SCC flows under its own weight, fills formwork and passes through reinforced areas without segregation of ingredients. It consists of cement, fine and coarse aggregates, chemical and mineral admixtures. Superplasticizers and viscosity modifying agents provide workability and stability. Tests like slump flow, V-funnel, and J-ring evaluate filling ability, passing ability and resistance to segregation. SCC offers benefits of reduced labor, better compaction and surface finish compared to conventional concrete but requires more precise material proportions and quality control.
This document provides information on self-compacting concrete (SCC) and light-weight concrete. It defines SCC as concrete that can flow and fill formwork without vibration due to its high fluidity. Benefits of SCC include faster construction, improved quality, and a safer work environment. Light-weight concrete is defined as having a density of less than 2200kg/m3, containing porous aggregates, and including an expanding agent. Examples of structures built with SCC include Burj Dubai and an airport control tower in Stockholm. Requirements for producing SCC and light-weight concrete are also outlined.
Cellular Lightweight Concrete is also known as CLC. In other words, CLC is also known as foamed concrete. The CLC is widely used for construction purposes as it has various advantages and usage than the traditional concrete bricks.
The foamed concrete is manufactured from mixing of Portland cement, sand, fly ash, water and performed foam in varied proportions. This CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete) can be produced at building sites with the use of machines and molds used for normal concrete.
One of an important characteristic of foamed concrete is it has self-compacting property as there is no compaction is required. And also, it easily flows out from the pump to fill the mold. With this property is can be pumped to maximum distance and height.
For continuous cellular lightweight concrete is manufactured by mixing light mortar and preformed foam under pressure in a special static mixer.
The document discusses reinforced cement concrete (RCC), including its history, materials, specifications, and advantages/disadvantages. RCC uses steel reinforcement embedded in concrete to resist tensile, shear, and sometimes compressive stresses. François Coignet is considered a pioneer of RCC, building the first reinforced concrete structure in 1853. Proper proportions and mixing of cement, aggregates like sand and gravel, and water are needed to produce durable concrete. Precast concrete involves casting pieces off-site then transporting them for assembly.
Cement is a binder made from limestone and clay that sets and hardens when mixed with water. The main ingredients in cement are calcium oxide, silica, aluminum oxide, and iron oxide. Cement is manufactured through a dry or wet process and ground to a fine powder. There are different types and grades of cement used in construction based on factors like strength, heat production, and sulfate resistance. Laboratory tests evaluate cement quality based on fineness, setting time, strength, and other properties to ensure it meets construction standards.
The document discusses developing high strength self-compacting concrete (HSSCC) using various materials like cement, aggregates, admixtures, and mineral additives. It examines trial mix proportions with different cement contents, water-to-binder ratios, and mineral additives like silica fume and stone powder. The fresh and hardened properties of the HSSCC mixes are tested. Test results show that replacing 13% of cement with stone powder and 9% of cement with silica fume produced HSSCC with satisfactory flowability and high compressive strength. The conclusion is that HSSCC can be developed to achieve different strengths using optimal combinations of cement, stone powder, silica fume, and admixtures
Structural lightweight concrete and fibre reinforced concrete are special types of concrete developed to improve certain properties. Structural lightweight concrete contains lightweight aggregates, giving it a lower density than normal concrete, and is used to reduce dead loads in structures like high-rise buildings. Fibre reinforced concrete includes short discrete fibres, such as steel fibres, which increase its tensile strength and crack resistance compared to plain concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING GGBS WITH PARTIAL RE...Ijripublishers Ijri
Concrete is Most widely used construction Material in the Modern Era because of its good Compressive strength and
high durability. As we know Concrete comprises a Mixture of cement, sand (fine aggregate), course aggregate and water
which makes up normal plain concrete, to increase the strength of concrete we can design the mix with greater Flexibility,
but the problems Arises in structure as load age, increaseof floors which demands increase of high strength concrete
and more steel. So, especially at the beams, columns joints heavy reinforcement meshing is done so that it becomes If
the concrete is not compacted then strength may not be achieved, so the solution for the problem is SCC which we call
it asself-compacting concrete. Were this SCC has ability to compact by itself Gravity and self-flow ability same strength
can be Here in the research, it is carried out self-compaction concrete to improve strength & make concrete economical
so, a mix is dispend of M30,M40 Grades with adding chemical admixture named poly carboxylic ether (ADVA960) , a
Retarder Basically Which also increases strength and workability &replacing cement with GGBS (Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag) 40%&50% .The tests are carried out to find the increase in strength by adding chemical admixture &
replacing GGBS 40% & 50%.By the chemical admixture adding up to 2% Max were previous strength shows that adding
of chemical admixture greater than 2% which results to increase the initial setting time and decrease in the w/c ratio.
Test will be conducted for 3,7,28 days find the increase of strength and its other properties
This document summarizes research on utilizing waste materials in concrete. It discusses how concrete is the second most consumed substance after water. Using recycled concrete aggregates and fly ash can reduce the environmental impact. Studies found that replacing up to 20% of materials with recycled aggregates and fly ash achieved similar or higher compressive strengths compared to normal concrete. The document outlines experimental methods to test properties of concrete mixes containing various percentages of replacements. It concludes that waste materials can replace up to 20% of materials without significantly compromising concrete strength.
This document provides information about concrete, including its definition, classification, mix design, tests, and qualities. It can be summarized in 3 sentences:
Concrete is summarized as a composite material made of cement, sand, stone and water that is widely used in construction. The document outlines various types of concrete based on binding material, design, and purpose, and discusses factors in concrete mix design, methods of mixing, placing, curing, and tests to determine qualities like strength, workability, and water tightness. Modern concrete is the most widely used man-made material and the document provides its classification and testing methods.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly flowable concrete that can spread into place and fill formwork without any mechanical consolidation. SCC was developed in Japan in the 1980s to overcome issues with inadequate consolidation of traditional vibrated concrete. SCC uses special admixtures and optimized aggregate gradation to achieve excellent flowability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. While SCC has higher material costs, it provides benefits of easier placement, improved quality, reduced labor requirements, and faster construction.
Concrete -
The most used construction material.
In here a brief about its -
Ingredients
Grades
Production &
Properties
are discussed with appropriate pictorial presentation making it quite simpler for understanding.
Recycle and reuse of Demolished concretePrasad Thota
The document summarizes research on recycling and reusing demolished concrete. It discusses how recycled concrete aggregates can be used to produce new concrete. Several studies are reviewed that examined properties of recycled aggregate concrete such as lower compressive strength compared to normal concrete, but acceptable quality if the right mix design is used. The objectives and methodology of the research are presented, including testing the mechanical properties of concrete with different replacement levels of recycled coarse aggregate. The results show that concrete with 40% recycled aggregate exhibited the best compressive strength, and that workability decreases with the use of stone dust as a fine aggregate replacement. In conclusion, recycling concrete helps reduce construction waste and preserves natural resources, and recycled aggregates can be used successfully in new concrete if proper
This document discusses different types of special concrete and factors that affect the durability of concrete. It describes 10 types of special concrete: 1) light weight concrete, 2) polymer modified concrete, 3) fiber reinforced concrete, 4) high performance concrete, 5) pumped concrete, 6) roller compacted concrete, 7) self-compacting concrete, 8) high density concrete, 9) ready mixed concrete, and 10) green concrete. It also discusses recycled concrete and various methods to improve the durability of concrete structures. The document provides details on the composition, properties and applications of these special concretes.
This document provides an overview of concrete technology. It defines cement and concrete and describes their composition and manufacturing processes. It discusses the properties and types of cement and concrete, how workability is measured, and testing methods for fresh and hardened concrete, including compressive strength, slump, and rebound hammer tests. The document also outlines the processes for mixing, transporting, placing, compacting, curing, and finishing concrete.
you would be aware about the different types of special concrete being used in india.All these types of concrete are being produced by ultratech concrete, for more details visit www.ultratechconcrete.com/concrete_types.html
Self-compacting concrete was developed in Japan in the 1980s to solve problems with inadequate compaction of traditional concrete. It uses a high paste content and superplasticizers to create a concrete that can flow and consolidate under its own weight without vibration. Tests were developed to evaluate properties like filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. Self-compacting concrete provides benefits like easier placement, faster construction, better surface finish, and improved durability. However, it also has higher costs associated with materials and mix design development.
Building construction/Unit 2 /Basic civil engineeringParimal Jha
The document provides information on concrete foundations, including the key ingredients of concrete and their functions. It discusses different grades of concrete based on their compressive strength. Formwork, mixing, placing, compaction and curing of concrete are explained. Different types of foundations are described, including shallow foundations like spread footings, strap footings and mat foundations. Deep foundations such as pile foundations and pier foundations are also summarized. Load bearing and framed structures are compared in terms of their suitability for different types of buildings and soils.
This document discusses cellular concrete, also known as foam concrete. It provides an introduction, literature review, objectives, materials, methodology, properties, advantages, applications, and references related to cellular concrete. Cellular concrete is a lightweight concrete containing a high percentage of air cells created using foaming agents, giving it a low density between 320-1900 kg/m3. It has properties like high workability, thermal insulation, fire resistance, and sound absorption. Some applications of cellular concrete include construction of roofs, walls, floor screed, and as a thermal insulation material.
This document provides information about ready-mix concrete from an educational presentation. It introduces the topic and defines ready-mix concrete. It then discusses the main ingredients of concrete - cement, sand, coarse aggregate, water and admixtures - describing each in more detail. The document also covers the manufacturing process of ready-mix concrete, advantages, status and challenges in India, as well as some common quality problems and their causes.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
1. MANUFACTURING AND
ANALYSIS OF FOAM
CONCRETE
BY:
TUSHAR KULSHRESTHA
SHIVAM KUMAR
LOKESH SHARMA
DEEPAK KUMAR
SAHIL SINGHAL
UNDER GUIDANCE OF:
Er. RAHUL SHARMA
2. CONTENTS
• HISTORY
• OBJECTIVE
• EQUIPMENTS USED
• MATERIAL USED
• METHODOLOGY
MAKING OF SLURRY
MAKING OF FOAM
MIX PROPORTIONS
BLENDING OF FOAM AND SLURRY
FILLING OF CUBES
DEMOULDING
CURING
• TESTING OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
• CONCLUSION
3. HISTORY
Foamed concrete is not a particularly new material, its first patent
and recorded use dates back to the early 1920s. According to Sach
and Seifert (1999), limited scale production began in 1923 and,
according to Arasteh (1988), in 1924 Linde described its production,
properties and applications. The application of foamed concrete for
construction works was not recognized until the late 1970s, when it
began to be used in the Netherlands for filling voids and for ground
engineering applications.
4. OBJECTIVE
• To compare the density and compressive strength of foamed concrete with
conventional concrete.
• To make lightweight concrete having specified strength so that it can wear
the load of building structure .
• To understand the actual behaviour of concrete when foaming agent and
superplasticizers is added to ascertain strength of concrete which is one of
the most important criteria of the concrete.
• To reduce the cost of structure
5. EQUIPMENTS USED
• FOR FAST MIXING OF SLURRY
AND TO MAKE FOAMING AGENT
WE MAKE A SIMPLE WORKABLE
MACHINE INSTEAD OF BYING
FOAM GENERATOR AND MIXER
BEACAUSE IT COSTS TOO HIGH.
• OTHER EQUIPMENTS
• 150mm CUBE MOULDS
• ELECTRONIC WEIGHING
MACHINE
• TROWEL , GLOVES, WRENCH.
7. CEMENT: -
Ordinary Portland cement is commonly used, but rapid hardening cement can also be
used if necessary. We used ordinary Portland cement of having density 384g/cm3
SAND: -
The maximum size of sand used can be 5mm. Use of finer sands up to 2mm with
amount passing through 600-micron sieve range from 60 to 95%. Sand used of density
422.5 g/cm3
WATER: -
Mixing water for concrete should be clean and free from injurious amounts of oils,
acids, alkalis, salts, organic matter, or other potentially deleterious substances. When
water is used to produce foam, it has to be potable and for best performance, it should
not exceed 25°C
8. Foaming agent
The quality of foam is critical to the
stability of foamed concrete and will affect
the strength and stiffness of the final
product; therefore, good quality foam was
produced by blending the foaming agent.
Foaming agent we had used is CLC
(cellular lightweight concrete) foaming
agent. It is prepared with raw material in
presence of Ca(OH)₂ and a small portion
of NaHSO3. For improving the stability it
is modified with the addition of several
kinds of gel and surfactants.
9. ADDITIVES(SUPERPLASTICIZERS)
• This admixtures can be used as water
reducers, maintaining a fixed
workability. Polycarboxylate ether
superplasticizer was used as a water-
reducing agent to maintain sufficient
workability of the unfoamed mixture
(without foam) and to produce a high
strength foamed concrete with low
water/binder ratio.
• Superplasticizers used in the amount of
.3% weight of cement.
10. METHODOLOGY
The first step is to make a cement slurry or a sand cement
slurry that is appropriate for the mix design. We’ll make
sand cement slurry to achieve foam concrete of specific
density. The second step is to make suitable foam. The
foam is made separately from the slurry. Once the foam has
been made it is blended in to the slurry to make foamed
concrete.
11. MAKING OF SLURRY
The cement we used for the slurry is Ordinary Portland
Cement. Sand is specified in the mix design ideally it should
be fine with 2mm-5mm maximum size and 60 to 90%
passing through a 600 micron sieve . First we dry mix the
sand and cement after which water is added into it. The
water: cement ratio of the slurry is usually between 0.5 and
0.6. To increase the compressive strength we add
superplasticizer of low dosage (.3% by weight of cement) .
12. BEFORE DRYMIX AFTER DRYMIX
WHEN WATER
IS ADDED
ADDITION OF
SUPERPLASTICI-
ZER
DRY MIXING WET MIXING
13. MAKING OF FOAM
(water + foaming agent) (mixing) (stable foam)
• water used to produce foam
is potable and for best
performance, it should not
exceed 25°C.
• We used 50ml foam agent
per litre of water.
• Of course the recipe can be
changed, but we are happy
with what came out for our
proportions.
14. MIX PROPORTIONS
TYPE CEMENT SAND
WATER
CEMENT
RATIO
FOAM
AGENT
WEIGHT(GRAMS)
CEMENT SAND WATER(ml)
A 1 2 .5 25% 2000 4000 1200
B 1 1 .5 25% 2500 2500 1000
C 2 1 .5 25% 4000 2000 1200
15. BLENDING OF FOAM AND
SLURRY
ADDING FOAM TO
SLURRY
MIXING OF FOAM
AND SLURRY
17. DEMOULDING
• Initial setting time of lightweight
concrete is 12 hours and can be
demould after 24 hours
• But in case of low density
lightweight concrete the timing
will be
Initial time: 24 hours
Final setting time: 3 days
18. CURING
• For 24 hours we let the
concrete block cure in
water.
• After which we used
gunny bags that is kept
wet.
20. COMPRESSION TEST
• The cubes were crushed on a more sensitive press (on compression testing
machine) the usually used for normal concrete. two cubes from the same
mixture of foamed.
• Compressive strength of foamed concrete was recorded for 7 and 28 days.
• Compressive strength (N/mm²) = LOAD/ AREA
21. COMPRESSION TEST VALUES
Type Age(days) Load(KN) Area(mm)² Compressive strength( N/mm²)
A 7 450 150*150 20
B 7 400 150*150 17.77
C 7 500 150*150 22.22
22. COMPRESSION TEST VALUES
Type Age(days) Load(KN) Area(mm)² Compressive strength( N/mm²)
A 28 675 150*150 30
B 28 600 150*150 26.65
C 28 750 150*150 33.33
24. S.NO PARAMETERS CONVENTIONAL
CONCRETE
LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
1- BASIC RAW MATERIAL SAND, CEMENT,
AGGREGATE, WATER
SAND, CEMENT, WATER
2- APPLICATION LOAD BEARING THERMAL INSULATION,
PARTITION WALL, NON
LOAD BEARING EXTERNAL
WALL
3- DRY DENSITY(Kg/cm³) GENERALLY OF 2400 400-1800
4- AGING NO GAINS STRENGTH WITH AGE
5- THERMAL INSULATION NORMAL VERY GOOD
6- SOUND INSULATION NORMAL VERY GOOD
7- EASE IN WORKING NORMAL VERY GOOD
25. ADVANTAGES
• Weight reduction of superstructure using foam concrete walls: less steel
• Suitable for buildings in hurricane, cyclone, earthquake.
• Cost reduction for transport and storage
• Environment friendly
• Low investment- just one machine required
• Easy to use/produce/handle
• Increase compressive strength with the time
26. DISADVANTAGES
• Very sensitive with water content in the mixtures
• Mixing time is longer than conventional concrete to
assure proper mixing
• Compressive strength of foamed concrete reduce with its
density
27. CONCLUSIONS
• The Compressive Strength of Foamed Concrete increases with increase in the Density.
• Fine aggregate had a beneficial effect on significantly increase in Compressive Strength of
Foamed Concrete.
• De-moulding of higher density foamed concrete panels is possible after 24 hours but it
requires minimum 3 days for lower density foamed concrete panels which is a limitation.
• The starting of Strength gain for foamed concrete is on higher side than that of normal
weight concrete.
• Improved structural efficiency in terms of strength to density ratio resulting load reduction
on the structure and substructure.
28. • The initial findings have shown that the foam concrete has a desirable strength to be an
alternative construction material for the industrialized building system. The strength of foam
concrete is low for lower density mixture. Significant reduction of overall weight results in
saving structural frames, footing or piles and rapid and relatively simple construction.
• The mixed proportion for foamed concrete used in this research report can be used for
structural purpose because there 28 days Compressive Strength is more than 17 MPa.
• The ratio developed in our project can be used for various works like precast blocks, false
ceilings, precast wall elements/panels.