The document summarizes the key differences between hydraulic and pneumatic systems. It defines that pneumatic systems use compressed air or gas as the working medium, while hydraulic systems use liquids. Pneumatic systems typically operate at higher speeds but are lighter weight, while hydraulic systems can produce greater forces but operate more slowly. Some key applications of both systems include clamping, shifting, positioning, and feeding. The document also outlines Pascal's law and other relevant scientific principles, and provides comparisons of advantages between hydraulic and pneumatic technologies.

1. College Of Engineering Roorkee
SATYAM SAINI
ME-4TH YEAR
ROLL NO-27

2. Hydraulic and pneumatic

3. Pneumatic-
 When the work is done operated by air or gas under
pressure so its known as pneumatic.
 Pneumatics is a branch of engineering that makes use of gas
or pressurized air.Pneumatic systems used in industry are
commonly powered by compressed air or compressed inert
gases.
 The device that converts energy from the pressurized gas
into motion is called pneumatic actuator, “the machines with
pneumatic loading are more efficient“

4. Pneumatic laws:-
Charles law :-
 Charles's Law describes the directly proportional
relationship between the volume and temperature (in
Kelvin) of a fixed amount of gas, when the pressure is held
constant
 This equation can be used to solve for initial or final
value of volume or temperature under the given
condition that pressure and the number of mole of
the gas stay the same.

5. Boyles law:-
 Boyle’s Law describes the inverse proportional relationship
between pressure and volume at a constant temperature and a
fixed amount of gas. This law came from a manipulation of the
Ideal Gas Law.
This equation would be ideal when working with problem asking
for the initial or final value of pressure or volume of a certain gas
when one of the two factor is missing.

6. Hydraulic:-
 Hydraulics is a topic in applied science and engineering dealing
with the mechanical properties of fluids.
 The hydraulic press depends on Pascal's principle-the pressure throughout
a closed system is constant.
 Joseph Bramah invented the hydraulic press, hence it is also known as the
Bramah Press.
 Use fluids as working media.
 On a very basic level Hydraulics is used for the generation, control,
and transmission of fluids in order to produce some mechanical
work or in general as a part of river engineering.

7. Hydraulic low:-
Pascal's law:-
 The concept of the hydraulic press is based on Pascal's
theory, which states that when pressure is applied on fluids
in an enclosed system, the pressure throughout the
system always remains constant. In simple words, a
hydraulic press is a machine that makes use of the
pressure exerted on the fluids to crush something.

8. Comparison between Hydraulic and
Pneumatic Systems
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
1 Use fluids as working media
2 slow speed
3 Generally designed for closed systems
4 System get slowdown of leakage
occurs
5 Valve operation are
6 Heavier in weight
7 Pumps are used to provide pressurized
liquids
Use the air as working media
High speed
Pneumatic systems are usually designed
as open system
Leakage does not affect the system
much more
difficult easy to operate the valves
Light in weight
Compressors are used to provide
compressed gas

9. General application of pneumatic and
hydraulic:-
 Clamping
 Shifting
 Positioning
 Diverting
 Feeding
 Packing

10. ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM:-
 Low inertia effect of pneumatic components due to low
density of air.
 Pneumatic Systems are light in weight.
 Operating elements are cheaper and easy to operate.
 Power losses are less due to low viscosity of air.
 High output to weight ratio.
 Pneumatic systems offers a safe power source in explosive
environment.
 Leakage is less and does not influence the systems.
Moreover, leakage is not harmful.

11. Advantage of hydraulic system:-
 1. Easy and accuracy of control: By the using of simple levers and push
buttons, the operator of a hydraulic system can easily start, stop, speed up
and slow down.
 2. Multiplication of force: A fluid power system (without using cumbersome
gears, pulleys and levers) can multiply forces simply and efficiently from a
fraction of a pound, to several hundred tons of output.
 3. Constant force and torque: Only fluid power systems are capable of
providing a constant torque or force regardless of speed changes.
 4. Simple, safe and economical: In general, hydraulic systems use fewer
moving parts in comparison with mechanical and electrical systems. Thus
they become simpler and easier to maintain.

12. thanks