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Flow divider presentation
- 1. 1. Flow Divider / Combiner Valves
- 2. Agenda - Flow Divider / Combiner Valves • Functional overview • Schematic symbol • Functional description • Features and benefits • Product Range • Part numbering • Competition • Typical applications • Hints and tips Appendix • Useful background info / calculations
- 3. Flow Divider/Combiner Functional Overview Main Functions: Flow Dividing • Divides flow from a single source proportionally into two actuators. A Flow Divider is a valve or that splits flow by percentage & not by flow size. A flow divider with a 50:50 split will provide 50% of the flow to each side of the valve regardless of the inlet flow. (see notes on accuracy to follow). 100% 50% 50% 4 3 2 1 (Plugged)
- 4. Flow Divider/Combiner Functional Overview Main Functions: Flow Combining • Combines flow from two sources into one single flow. 100% 50% 50% 4 3 2 1 Flow combines in the reverse direction maintaining the same flow ratio in each leg. (Plugged)
- 5. Flow Divider/Combiner Schematic Symbol Type Schematic Symbol Description Divider / Combiner Spool Type, Flow Divider / Combiner Orifices in spools dictate the percentage of flow division.
- 6. Flow Divider/Combiner Functional Description Divided Flow: • Divided flow is maintained by regulating a metering position as pressure drop increases / decreases across valve legs . Linked spools is the mechanism of reset in the “Pull” direction to the leg with the least pressure drop. • Spool orifices of different sizes are used to generate uneven flow splits. Hea d Body Spoo l Spoo l Plug 1 4 3 2
- 7. Flow Divider/Combiner Functional Description Hea d Body Spoo l Spoo l Plug 1 4 3 2 Combined Flow: • Combined flow is maintained via the same mechanism as division except reversed. Linked spools is the mechanism of reset in the “Push” direction to the leg with the least pressure drop.
- 8. Functional Description – Typical Operation 100 BAR 100 BAR 110 BAR Pressure Drop:10 BAR Pressure Drop: 10 BAR Equal loading on both wheels, Spools remain balanced providing equal flow to hydraulic motors. 60 LPM 30 LPM 30 LPM
- 9. Functional Description – Typical Operation 100 BAR 90 BAR 110 BAR Pressure Drop:10 BAR Pressure Drop: 20 BAR Pressure drop on the right leg has increased, spool has moved into the metering position maintaining equal flow with increased pressure drop. Metering position 60 LPM 30 LPM 30 LPM
- 10. Key Features / Benefits • Interlocking spools for dividing or combining. • Range of flow settings available for optimising control. • Pressure compensated control in both directions. • 50 / 50 ratio standard, other ratios available on request. • Commonly used for differential lock in transmission applications. • All external components zinc plated. • Hardened working parts for maximum durability. (with differential hardness between mating parts) • 4:1 minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength Factor of Safety • Springs rated to 10,000,000 cycles (Infinite life) • Valves rated to 1,000,000 impulse & cyclic duty cycles
- 11. Questions?
- 12. Product Range – L1A060 (Small Legacy Cartridge) L1A060 variants currently active
- 13. Product Range – L1A125 (Medium Legacy Cartridge) L1A125 variants currently active
- 14. Product Range – L1A300 (Large Legacy Cartridge) L1A300 variants currently active
- 15. Product Range – L04A3 (Industry Common Cavity)
- 16. Product Range – L06A3 (Industry Common Cavity)
- 17. Flow Divider / Combiner Valve Legacy Part Number Structure This specifies the seal material. This is the percentage split from port 4 All part numbers beginning with L1A are from the Legacy Divider / Combiner valve family. 67 90 33 N This is the valve’s combined maximum flow rating. This varies per application to optimise accuracy. This is the percentage split from port 2 L1A060 variants currently active L1A125 variants currently active L1A125 L1A300 variants currently active
- 18. All part numbers beginning with L are from the Divider / Combiner valve family. Flow Divider / Combiner Valve Latest Part Number Structure 90 90 N L06A3 The start of the part number tells you what kind of valve it is. This is the maximum flow from port 4 (LPM) This is the maximum flow from port 2 (LPM) This specifies the seal material. L04A3 variants currently active L06A3 variants currently active
- 19. Questions?
- 20. Main Competition: • Sun • Oil control (Bosch •Integrated Hydraulics (Eaton) •Modular Control (Eaton) • Hydraforce Hydraforce & Modular Control (Eaton) Flow Dividers are interchangeable with Parker L04A3 & L06A3 Valves.
- 21. • Differential Lock in Transmission applications, where wheel motors are used. • Applications where drive to 2 or more motors has to be controlled in the same ratio independent of the inlet flow. • Can be used to connect 2 cylinders but care must be taken on these applications to avoid cavitation or structural damage to the system. Typical Applications – Where Used:
- 24. Typical Applications – Transmission System for grass cutting machinery
- 25. Typical Applications – Transmission System for Grass Cutting Machinery Pump Port
- 26. Typical Applications – Transmission System for Grass Cutting Machinery Pump Port Wheel Motor Ports
- 27. Typical Applications – Transmission System for Grass Cutting Machinery Pump Port Wheel Motor Ports Flow Divider
- 28. Typical Applications – Transmission System for Grass Cutting Machinery Pump Port Wheel Motor Ports Flow Divider Diverter Valves
- 29. Typical Applications – Transmission System for Grass Cutting Machinery Pump Port Wheel Motor Ports Flow Divider Diverter Valves Solenoid Valve
- 30. Typical Applications – Transmission System for Grass Cutting Machinery In normal drive mode the flow passes to the wheel motors through the diverter valves. If one wheel starts to spin (slip) then diff lock is engaged & the solenoid valve is energised. This closes the diverter valves & flow passes through the flow divider, ensuring that both wheels get an equal amount of flow, & this means that drive is restored to both wheels. Because the valve can combine flow as well as divide, the diff lock is effective in both the forward & reverse directions.
- 31. Questions?
- 32. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System
- 33. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Why build a forklift with only 3 Wheels?
- 34. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Why build a forklift with only 3 Wheels?
- 35. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Pump Ports
- 36. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Pump Ports Motor Ports
- 37. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Pump Ports Motor Ports Solenoid Valves
- 38. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Pump Ports Motor Ports Solenoid Valves Flow Divider 1 67:33 Ratio
- 39. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Pump Ports Motor Ports Solenoid Valves Flow Divider 1 67:33 Ratio Flow Divider 2 50:50 Ratio
- 40. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Pump Ports Motor Ports Solenoid Valves Flow Divider 1 67:33 Ratio Flow Divider 2 50:50 Ratio In normal operation the solenoid valves are open, so flow bypasses the flow dividers, delivering flow to the wheel motors as required.
- 41. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Pump Ports Motor Ports Solenoid Valves Flow Divider 1 67:33 Ratio Flow Divider 2 50:50 Ratio In normal operation the solenoid valves are open, so flow bypasses the flow dividers, delivering flow to the wheel motors as required. This permits the forklift to steer & be highly manouverable even at high speed.
- 42. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Pump Ports Motor Ports Solenoid Valves Flow Divider 1 67:33 Ratio Flow Divider 2 50:50 Ratio When diff lock is required due to wheel spin (slip) then the solenoid valves are closed & flow goes through the flow dividers.
- 43. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Pump Ports Motor Ports Solenoid Valves Flow Divider 1 67:33 Ratio Flow Divider 2 50:50 Ratio When diff lock is required due to wheel spin (slip) then the solenoid valves are closed & flow goes through the flow dividers. The 1st flow divider sends 33% of the flow to the rear motor, & 67% to the front motors. The 2nd divider splits the flow to the front motors 50:50. 33% 67% 50% 50%
- 44. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Pump Ports Motor Ports Solenoid Valves Flow Divider 1 67:33 Ratio Flow Divider 2 50:50 Ratio Each wheel motor now receives 33% of the inlet flow & traction to drive the forklift is restored. With diff lock engaged, each wheel now has equal ground speed, so steering is limited. To overcome this an orifice can be fitted across the 2 front wheels. 33% 67% 50% 50%
- 45. Typical Application – 3 Wheel Forklift Truck Transmission System Pump Ports Motor Ports Solenoid Valves Flow Divider 1 67:33 Ratio Flow Divider 2 50:50 Ratio Because the valves are flow dividers/combiners , when diff lock is engaged it will work in the forward & reverse directions. 33% 67% 50% 50%
- 46. Questions?
- 47. Typical Application – Refuse Bin Lift This application requires a flow divider on the actuators of the bin lift. There is no requirement for combining flow so a flow divider only with a single spool was developed specifically for this application.
- 48. Flow Divider/Combiner Valves Hints & Tips • Accuracy of flow dividers vary across their flow range & sizing of the valves to suit the application requires care. • At low flow rates the valves do not divide at all, essentially just acting as a Tee. • For diff lock applications it is best to size the flow dividers at 50% of the maximum inlet flow, as diff lock is unlikely to be used at maximum pump outlets. • Spool type flow divider/combiners create high loads on the hook design. The Parker valve has a unique design of spools that ensure that the load is always spread equally across the hooks. • Different percentage splits are available – see part no. Summary sheet on earlier slide. • Careful selection of product is necessary & depends on application & mechanical structure. • Cylinder applications always require synchronization at the end of the cylinder stroke to counter flow divider inaccuracies. • If in doubt always consult one of the Divisional Engineering Staff or Product Specialists.
Editor's Notes
- TR: 3 Valves in single cartridge. When load goes over centre and the load tries to accelerate the cylinder movement, this situation decays the cylinder annulus area pressure that then consequently decays the LCV pilot pressure that then closes the LCV or places it in a metering condition. Stops load dropping when demanded to do so via the DCV and also stops load should hose break from cylinder to DCV. Relieves full bore cylinder pressure in the event of thermal expansion of fluid or pressure intensification due to external forces i.e. driving bucket in to ground. Efficient as operating pressures low due to opening via annulus pressure acting on the LCV pilot port and full bore pressure acting on the LCV cylinder port. Efficiency increases with higher pilot ratios. Relief setting not effected by down stream pressure in return line. (Eg if closed centre DCV is used in conjunction with ARV’s, this will create back pressure that would on a normal LCV increase it’s setting significantly. i.e. 50 bar back pressure on a 10:1 pilot ratio LCV would add (10 x 50 bar) + (1 x 50 bar) = 550 bar to the LCV setting. (For st’d RV, back pressure adds same pressure to setting). IDP option does not allow setting to change regardless of back pressure due to special design features within.)
- TR: 3 Valves in single cartridge. When load goes over centre and the load tries to accelerate the cylinder movement, this situation decays the cylinder annulus area pressure that then consequently decays the LCV pilot pressure that then closes the LCV or places it in a metering condition. Stops load dropping when demanded to do so via the DCV and also stops load should hose break from cylinder to DCV. Relieves full bore cylinder pressure in the event of thermal expansion of fluid or pressure intensification due to external forces i.e. driving bucket in to ground. Efficient as operating pressures low due to opening via annulus pressure acting on the LCV pilot port and full bore pressure acting on the LCV cylinder port. Efficiency increases with higher pilot ratios. Relief setting not effected by down stream pressure in return line. (Eg if closed centre DCV is used in conjunction with ARV’s, this will create back pressure that would on a normal LCV increase it’s setting significantly. i.e. 50 bar back pressure on a 10:1 pilot ratio LCV would add (10 x 50 bar) + (1 x 50 bar) = 550 bar to the LCV setting. (For st’d RV, back pressure adds same pressure to setting). IDP option does not allow setting to change regardless of back pressure due to special design features within.)
- Three basic styles of direct acting valve
- TR: 3 Valves in single cartridge. When load goes over centre and the load tries to accelerate the cylinder movement, this situation decays the cylinder annulus area pressure that then consequently decays the LCV pilot pressure that then closes the LCV or places it in a metering condition. Stops load dropping when demanded to do so via the DCV and also stops load should hose break from cylinder to DCV. Relieves full bore cylinder pressure in the event of thermal expansion of fluid or pressure intensification due to external forces i.e. driving bucket in to ground. Efficient as operating pressures low due to opening via annulus pressure acting on the LCV pilot port and full bore pressure acting on the LCV cylinder port. Efficiency increases with higher pilot ratios. Relief setting not effected by down stream pressure in return line. (Eg if closed centre DCV is used in conjunction with ARV’s, this will create back pressure that would on a normal LCV increase it’s setting significantly. i.e. 50 bar back pressure on a 10:1 pilot ratio LCV would add (10 x 50 bar) + (1 x 50 bar) = 550 bar to the LCV setting. (For st’d RV, back pressure adds same pressure to setting). IDP option does not allow setting to change regardless of back pressure due to special design features within.)
- TR: 3 Valves in single cartridge. When load goes over centre and the load tries to accelerate the cylinder movement, this situation decays the cylinder annulus area pressure that then consequently decays the LCV pilot pressure that then closes the LCV or places it in a metering condition. Stops load dropping when demanded to do so via the DCV and also stops load should hose break from cylinder to DCV. Relieves full bore cylinder pressure in the event of thermal expansion of fluid or pressure intensification due to external forces i.e. driving bucket in to ground. Efficient as operating pressures low due to opening via annulus pressure acting on the LCV pilot port and full bore pressure acting on the LCV cylinder port. Efficiency increases with higher pilot ratios. Relief setting not effected by down stream pressure in return line. (Eg if closed centre DCV is used in conjunction with ARV’s, this will create back pressure that would on a normal LCV increase it’s setting significantly. i.e. 50 bar back pressure on a 10:1 pilot ratio LCV would add (10 x 50 bar) + (1 x 50 bar) = 550 bar to the LCV setting. (For st’d RV, back pressure adds same pressure to setting). IDP option does not allow setting to change regardless of back pressure due to special design features within.)
- TR: 3 Valves in single cartridge. When load goes over centre and the load tries to accelerate the cylinder movement, this situation decays the cylinder annulus area pressure that then consequently decays the LCV pilot pressure that then closes the LCV or places it in a metering condition. Stops load dropping when demanded to do so via the DCV and also stops load should hose break from cylinder to DCV. Relieves full bore cylinder pressure in the event of thermal expansion of fluid or pressure intensification due to external forces i.e. driving bucket in to ground. Efficient as operating pressures low due to opening via annulus pressure acting on the LCV pilot port and full bore pressure acting on the LCV cylinder port. Efficiency increases with higher pilot ratios. Relief setting not effected by down stream pressure in return line. (Eg if closed centre DCV is used in conjunction with ARV’s, this will create back pressure that would on a normal LCV increase it’s setting significantly. i.e. 50 bar back pressure on a 10:1 pilot ratio LCV would add (10 x 50 bar) + (1 x 50 bar) = 550 bar to the LCV setting. (For st’d RV, back pressure adds same pressure to setting). IDP option does not allow setting to change regardless of back pressure due to special design features within.)
- TR: 3 Valves in single cartridge. When load goes over centre and the load tries to accelerate the cylinder movement, this situation decays the cylinder annulus area pressure that then consequently decays the LCV pilot pressure that then closes the LCV or places it in a metering condition. Stops load dropping when demanded to do so via the DCV and also stops load should hose break from cylinder to DCV. Relieves full bore cylinder pressure in the event of thermal expansion of fluid or pressure intensification due to external forces i.e. driving bucket in to ground. Efficient as operating pressures low due to opening via annulus pressure acting on the LCV pilot port and full bore pressure acting on the LCV cylinder port. Efficiency increases with higher pilot ratios. Relief setting not effected by down stream pressure in return line. (Eg if closed centre DCV is used in conjunction with ARV’s, this will create back pressure that would on a normal LCV increase it’s setting significantly. i.e. 50 bar back pressure on a 10:1 pilot ratio LCV would add (10 x 50 bar) + (1 x 50 bar) = 550 bar to the LCV setting. (For st’d RV, back pressure adds same pressure to setting). IDP option does not allow setting to change regardless of back pressure due to special design features within.)
- LC: Poppet & check poppet differential hardness ensures during life that the internal seat form is not deformed due to it being slightly harder than the main poppet. Whilst both components are hardened, the main poppet is slightly softer ensuring that this part will see slight wear during valve life but not the check poppet.. 4:1 UTS FOS = 1,680 bar proof pressure for 450 bar rated valve. Yield is typically 3:1 minimum All have sealed pilots and hence have effectively zero pilot leakage so gives improved stability and also ensures that should a cylinder be able to go over centre that the cylinder will not shake itself out during use, such as a telehandler telescopic boom being driven over ploughed fields or downhill. Use of many common parts throughout many LCV variant options providing greater production manufacturing & assembly flexibility etc 6 Drops/min maximum, all 100% production tested, but 6 drops will drop to zero quickly due to “silting up” (present debris within fluid blocking up micronic gaps.)
- LC: Poppet & check poppet differential hardness ensures during life that the internal seat form is not deformed due to it being slightly harder than the main poppet. Whilst both components are hardened, the main poppet is slightly softer ensuring that this part will see slight wear during valve life but not the check poppet.. 4:1 UTS FOS = 1,680 bar proof pressure for 450 bar rated valve. Yield is typically 3:1 minimum All have sealed pilots and hence have effectively zero pilot leakage so gives improved stability and also ensures that should a cylinder be able to go over centre that the cylinder will not shake itself out during use, such as a telehandler telescopic boom being driven over ploughed fields or downhill. Use of many common parts throughout many LCV variant options providing greater production manufacturing & assembly flexibility etc 6 Drops/min maximum, all 100% production tested, but 6 drops will drop to zero quickly due to “silting up” (present debris within fluid blocking up micronic gaps.)
- LC: Poppet & check poppet differential hardness ensures during life that the internal seat form is not deformed due to it being slightly harder than the main poppet. Whilst both components are hardened, the main poppet is slightly softer ensuring that this part will see slight wear during valve life but not the check poppet.. 4:1 UTS FOS = 1,680 bar proof pressure for 450 bar rated valve. Yield is typically 3:1 minimum All have sealed pilots and hence have effectively zero pilot leakage so gives improved stability and also ensures that should a cylinder be able to go over centre that the cylinder will not shake itself out during use, such as a telehandler telescopic boom being driven over ploughed fields or downhill. Use of many common parts throughout many LCV variant options providing greater production manufacturing & assembly flexibility etc 6 Drops/min maximum, all 100% production tested, but 6 drops will drop to zero quickly due to “silting up” (present debris within fluid blocking up micronic gaps.)
- LC: Poppet & check poppet differential hardness ensures during life that the internal seat form is not deformed due to it being slightly harder than the main poppet. Whilst both components are hardened, the main poppet is slightly softer ensuring that this part will see slight wear during valve life but not the check poppet.. 4:1 UTS FOS = 1,680 bar proof pressure for 450 bar rated valve. Yield is typically 3:1 minimum All have sealed pilots and hence have effectively zero pilot leakage so gives improved stability and also ensures that should a cylinder be able to go over centre that the cylinder will not shake itself out during use, such as a telehandler telescopic boom being driven over ploughed fields or downhill. Use of many common parts throughout many LCV variant options providing greater production manufacturing & assembly flexibility etc 6 Drops/min maximum, all 100% production tested, but 6 drops will drop to zero quickly due to “silting up” (present debris within fluid blocking up micronic gaps.)
- LC: Poppet & check poppet differential hardness ensures during life that the internal seat form is not deformed due to it being slightly harder than the main poppet. Whilst both components are hardened, the main poppet is slightly softer ensuring that this part will see slight wear during valve life but not the check poppet.. 4:1 UTS FOS = 1,680 bar proof pressure for 450 bar rated valve. Yield is typically 3:1 minimum All have sealed pilots and hence have effectively zero pilot leakage so gives improved stability and also ensures that should a cylinder be able to go over centre that the cylinder will not shake itself out during use, such as a telehandler telescopic boom being driven over ploughed fields or downhill. Use of many common parts throughout many LCV variant options providing greater production manufacturing & assembly flexibility etc 6 Drops/min maximum, all 100% production tested, but 6 drops will drop to zero quickly due to “silting up” (present debris within fluid blocking up micronic gaps.)
- LC: Poppet & check poppet differential hardness ensures during life that the internal seat form is not deformed due to it being slightly harder than the main poppet. Whilst both components are hardened, the main poppet is slightly softer ensuring that this part will see slight wear during valve life but not the check poppet.. 4:1 UTS FOS = 1,680 bar proof pressure for 450 bar rated valve. Yield is typically 3:1 minimum All have sealed pilots and hence have effectively zero pilot leakage so gives improved stability and also ensures that should a cylinder be able to go over centre that the cylinder will not shake itself out during use, such as a telehandler telescopic boom being driven over ploughed fields or downhill. Use of many common parts throughout many LCV variant options providing greater production manufacturing & assembly flexibility etc 6 Drops/min maximum, all 100% production tested, but 6 drops will drop to zero quickly due to “silting up” (present debris within fluid blocking up micronic gaps.)
- LC: E = LCV with relief feature P = LCV with no relief; can be used on pilot servo type system where an additional RV is used First 6 digits explain broad base type, i.e. 1st digit = Relief or no relief 2nd digit = St’d type or IDP / Vented type 3rd digit = Pilot Ratio 4th – 6th digit = Size / Flow rating Z, T or Y is adjustment type i.e. Z = adjustable, T = Tamper resistant via push on cap, Y = Tamperproof, totally non adjustable. 310 = Pressure setting in Bar, Generally from 50 to 450 bar. 450 bar from specials. N or V or Nitrile or Viton seals, N = -30 to +100 C, V = -20 to +150 C. 498 = If applicable a special variant as per listing of present types, Yellow highlighted ones are those in current production. MK2 = end digits that sometimes gives a little confusion but in general can be ignored if stamped on valve. Refers to significant design upgrade reference conducted many years ago. Going forward we intend to remove this identitiy. IMPORTANT NOTE: All special variants in every valve family are not necessarily readily available, consult factory for confirmation.
- LC: E = LCV with relief feature P = LCV with no relief; can be used on pilot servo type system where an additional RV is used First 6 digits explain broad base type, i.e. 1st digit = Relief or no relief 2nd digit = St’d type or IDP / Vented type 3rd digit = Pilot Ratio 4th – 6th digit = Size / Flow rating Z, T or Y is adjustment type i.e. Z = adjustable, T = Tamper resistant via push on cap, Y = Tamperproof, totally non adjustable. 310 = Pressure setting in Bar, Generally from 50 to 450 bar. 450 bar from specials. N or V or Nitrile or Viton seals, N = -30 to +100 C, V = -20 to +150 C. 498 = If applicable a special variant as per listing of present types, Yellow highlighted ones are those in current production. MK2 = end digits that sometimes gives a little confusion but in general can be ignored if stamped on valve. Refers to significant design upgrade reference conducted many years ago. Going forward we intend to remove this identitiy. IMPORTANT NOTE: All special variants in every valve family are not necessarily readily available, consult factory for confirmation.
- TR Oil Control - bits in body design IH - very similar to sterling but in their own cavities. SUN – we have a limited range of Sun style interchangeable valves All manufacturers tend to use their own cavity for efficiency and not many are interchangeable with each other. There is no direct interchangeability but contact HCSE if you are looking for an equivalent valve and we can give you the best options. No cross reference table available for the above reasons.
- TR Non vented valves are sometimes useful for controlling stability.
- TR Hooklift, true overcentre application Telescopic handler Track drives Lorry mounted cranes Manlifts Concrete pump Container handling Rock drills
- TR Hooklift, true overcentre application Telescopic handler Track drives Lorry mounted cranes Manlifts Concrete pump Container handling Rock drills