General Training Pump Types

1. General Pump Training
Pump Types
© Sulzer Academy 2019 Last edited 8th Oct 2019

2. Pump Types
Pumps
Dynamic
Positive
Displacement
Centrifugal Reciprocating
Rotary
Special
Axial Flow
Radial/Mixed
Flow
Hydraulic
Ram
Gas Lift
Single/Multiple
Rotor
Piston/Plunger
Diaphragm
(1)
(2) (3)

3. Positive displacement pumps
Screw Spindle Pump
Geared Pump
Membrane (Diaphragm) Pump
Piston Pump

4. Pump Types
Pumps
Dynamic
Positive
Displacement
Centrifugal Reciprocating
Rotary
Special
Axial Flow
Radial/Mixed
Flow
Hydraulic
Ram
Gas Lift
Single/Multiple
Rotor
Piston/Plunger
Diaphragm
The volute casing converts velocity (kinetic energy) to pressure energy

5. Where Are Pumps Found?
• Oil & Gas
• Power Generation
• Water Treatment
• General Industry

6. Oil & Gas Pump Applications
Oil & Gas is heavily regulated by API and other regulatory bodies. Sulzer
Pumps are commonly found Onshore and Offshore as well as Sub-sea.

7. Oil & Gas is heavily regulated by API and
other regulatory bodies. Sulzer Pumps are
commonly found Onshore and Offshore as
well as Sub-sea.
Up-Stream Oil & Gas Pump Applications

8. Oil & Gas is heavily regulated by API and
other regulatory bodies. Sulzer Pumps are
commonly found Onshore and Offshore as
well as Sub-sea.
Up-Stream Oil & Gas Pump Applications
Sea water injection
(Simplified)

9. Oil & Gas is heavily regulated by API and
other regulatory bodies. Sulzer Pumps are
commonly found Onshore and Offshore as
well as Sub-sea.
Oil & Gas Pump Applications Mid-Stream & Down-Stream

10. Performance-Critical Applications Across Power
Generation Segments
Wind
Biomass
Nuclear Hydro
Coal
Solar
Geothermal
Combined
cycle
Waste-to-
energy
Distributed power
Carbon capture
and storage
 Boiler feed water
 Cooling water
 Condensate extraction
 Molten salt circulation
 Carbon capture and storage
 Power recovery (reverse running pumps)
 Auxiliary pumps
Solutions for power generation
Equipment
 Pumps
 Compressors
 Turbines
 Motors and engines
 Generators
 Other rotating equipment
Services The Power Industry is
regulated by government
authorities and
international bodies.
Maintainability and safety
are key features, hence
replaceable modular
components and condition
monitoring is common.

11. Power Generation Applications

12. Power Generation Applications
Feed water
Pump & Booster
Condensate
Extraction Pump
Circulating Water
Pump

13. Centrifugal Pumps

14. Main components of a single stage pump
Pressure nozzle
(Discharge)
Shaft
Volute casing
Impeller
Mechanical seal
Wear rings
Purge / Drain
Suction nozzle
Bearings
Labyrinth seal
Flush
Oil supply

15. Pump Design

16. Wear rings are used with closed impeller
pumps to restrict leakage from the high-
pressure side of the pump to the low
pressure side.
Wear ring wear is indicated by a drop in
pump efficiency. If worn beyond 2x
clearance rings should be renewed.
Wear Rings
Main components of a single stage pump

17. Pump designs – single stage / multi stage
•Single stage • Multi stage
Z, OHH
MC

18. Design features: Collectors
Volute Diffuser

19. Centrifugal Pump Operation (multistage pump)
Pump Principles
Impeller +
Diffuser
Diffuser +
Stage casing
Diffuser Diffuser channel
Impeller
Impeller vane
channel
Basic principle of a pump
stage

20. Diffuser system
A diffuser style casing has multiple
discharge passage ways with equal
area distributed throughout the
circumference resulting in radially
balanced rotating element.
Pump Principles

21. Pump designs – suction impeller
• Single suction • Double suction
Z, OHH HSB

22. Pump designs – Double suction impeller
HSB

23. Pump designs – Orientation of the shaft
• Horizontal • Vertical
ZF, MSD, GSG
TTMC, SJD, CVT

24. Pump designs – Multistage pumps
MC

25. Pump designs – Multistage pumps

26. Pump designs – Multistage pumps

27. Pump designs – Multistage pumps

28. Pump designs – Multistage pumps

29. Pump designs – Multistage pumps

30. Pump designs – Multistage pumps

31. Pumps with Magnetic Coupling
Impeller
Bearing
Magnetic Coupling
External Supply:
Lubrication / Cooling
Product lubricated bearing
Volute
Drive shaft
Pump shaft

32. Pump Shaft sealing: Mechanical Seal / Magnetic Coupling

33. Canned Motor Pump
Product lubricated bearings
Impeller
Volute
Pump and drive shaft
Rotor
Can Stator
Windings

34. Pump design – impeller arrangements
• Inline • Back-to-Back
GSG

35. Pump design – impeller arrangements – back to back
Suction Discharge
Impeller Thrust (1) Impeller Thrust (2)
Impeller thrusts are
balanced so reduce the
overall rotor thrust
• The first set of impellers face one way on the shaft.
• The second set face the opposite way.
• Thrust is reduced, as forces produced by impellers balance each other.
• The fluid enters at the suction side and is discharged in the middle.

36. Overhung Pumps Between Bearing Pumps Vertical
Impeller is hanging over Impeller(s) between bearings Vertical
Pump design – shaft orientation and bearing arrangement
Shaft centreline

37. Pump classification acc. to API 610

38. 38
 Classification according to ISO 13709 (API 610) Overhung Pumps
Classification of pumps
OH1 to OH6
OH1 OH2 OH3 OH4 OH5 OH6
Sulzer Sales Scope

39. OH1 pumps
 Single stage, overhung
 Foot-mounted
 Limited in temperature
 Suitable for lower pressures
 Does not meet API 610 requirements
Sulzer Ahlstar

40. OH2 pumps
 Single stage, overhung pump
 Centre-line mounted
 Designed for higher temperatures and pressures
Sulzer OHH

41. Difference between OH1 and OH2
 In foot mounted pumps, due to thermal expansion the volute moves upwards
and causes:
 Mechanical tensions in the piping
 Shaft distortion > mechanical seal leakage
 Impeller / rotating parts may contact stationary components
 Centre-line mounting allows thermal expansion both
 Upwards and downwards
 Problems by thermal growth do not occur

42. OH3 pumps
 Vertical, in-line, single stage
 Same hydraulics as a horizontal version,
 OHV is an OHH, turned by 90°
 Usually specified because of the small footprint

43. Between Bearings Pumps can be of axially split or radially split design
BB1 Axially split BB2 Radially split
Pump Types

44. BB1 pumps
 Axially split, one- and two stage
 Foot mounted
 Low pressure @ high flow rates

45. BB1 pumps
 Axially split one- and two-stage
 Low pressure - intermediate flow
 Main applications
 Crude oil pipeline
 Boiler feed boosting
 Hydraulic Power RecoveryTurbine (HPRT)

46. BB2 pumps
 Centerline support for reduced thermally induced misalignment
 Radially split, one- and two stage
 Main applications
 High pressure services
 High temperature processing
Sulzer BBS

47. Between Bearings multistage pumps can be of axially/ radially split or barrel design
Axially split BB3 Radially split BB4 Barrel casing BB5
Between bearings – multistage pumps

48. BB3 pumps - axially split
 Axially split, multistage
 Centerline mounted
 Back-to-back or inline impeller arrangement
 Widely used in high pressure services:
 Refineries, pipelines and desalination
Sulzer MSD

49. BB3 pumps
RADIAL
AXIAL

50. BB4 pumps
 Single casing
 Radially split, multistage
 Ring section (not in the scope of API 610)
 High pressure applications
 E.g. boiler feed in CCGT power plants Sulzer MD pump

51. BB5 pumps
 Double-casing
 radially split, multistage
 Typically used for high pressure
 Boiler feed
 High-pressure unit charge in refining
 Ethylene shipping
Sulzer GSG

52. Suction &
Series
Impellers
Discharge
Cover
Stage
Casings
Series
Diffuser
Last Stage
Diffuser
Suction
Casing
Barrel Casing components
BB5 pumps

53. BB5 pumps
 Horizontally centreline mounted
 Barrel casing, multistage
 Double casing design
 Very high pressure main boiler feed pump
Sulzer HPT

54. BB5 pumps
 Horizontally mounted
 Barrel casing, multistage
 High pressure applications pump
 E.g. oilfield water injection
Sulzer CP pump

55. BB5 pumps
Sulzer CP pump

56. BB5 pumps
Sulzer CP pump

57. Vertically suspended pumps (API 610)
VS1 VS2 VS3 VS4 VS5 VS6 VS7
Sulzer Sales Scope

58. Vertically suspended pumps
 The most common are VS1, VS3 and
VS6
 VS1 pumps are single casing and with
diffuser discharge through column
 VS3 pumps are axial flow version of VS1
pumps. Axial flow bowls move large flows
but generate lower head
 VS6 pumps have in-line pipework and
double casing (suction can) with diffuser
(used with low NSPHa site conditions).
VS1 VS3 VS6

59. VS3 pumps - SJP
 Wide flow coverage
 Propeller pitch positions for maximum capacity handling
 Easily modified for changing hydraulic conditions

60.  Cantilever sump pump
 Interchangeable casing and impeller with
ANSI B73.1 chemical pump
 Casing and impeller in Duplex (Option)
 Main applications
 Drainage Sumps
 Oily Water Sumps
 Lube Oil Supply
 Tank Transfer
VS4 pumps - CVT
Discharge
pipework
Drive shaft

61. VS6 pumps – SJD API
 Reduced number of
stages results in shorter,
more reliable pumps
 Double suction on larger
sizes can reduce pump
length
 High efficiency with
reduced power
consumption
 Main application
 Shipping of liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG)
 Tank farm booster
 Crude oil pipeline booster

62. VS6 pumps – SJD API

63. Questions
 Any questions so far?