This document contains data on human and economic losses from natural disasters between 1980 and 2010. Some key details: - Over 6.3 million people were affected on average each year - An average of 677 people were killed each year - Economic damage averaged $6.1 billion USD per year It also provides specific data on affected populations and deaths from droughts, floods, and epidemics during this period. In 2012, flooding in Nigeria affected over 134,000 people and displaced 64,000, killing 148. The document discusses challenges around risk management and flooding in Nigeria.

2. Data related to human and economic losses from disasters that have
occurred between 1980 and 2010.
Natural Disasters from 1980 - 2010
Overview
No of events: 94
No of people killed: 21,002
Average killed per year: 677
No of people affected: 6,306,441
Average affected per year: 203,434
Economic Damage (US$ X 1,000): 188,025
Economic Damage per year (US$ X
1,000):
6,065

3. Drought: 0.03
Earthquake*: ...
Epidemic: 1.58
Extreme temp: 0.06
Flood: 1.13
Insect
infestation:
0.06
Mass mov. dry: ...
Mass mov. wet: 0.10
Volcano: ...
Storm: 0.06
Wildfire: ...
Average Disaster Per Year

4. Disaster Date Affected
Drought 1983 3,000,000
Flood 2010 1,500,200
Flood 1994 580,000
Flood 1988 300,000
Flood 2003 210,000
Flood 2009 150,000
Flood 1998 100,000
Flood 1999 90,000
Flood 2001 84,065
Flood 2007 50,000

5. Disaster Date Killed
Epidemic 1991 7,289
Epidemic 1996 4,346
Epidemic 2009 1,701
Epidemic 1996 1,193
Epidemic 1986 1,000
Epidemic 2005 561
Epidemic 1991 400
Epidemic 2010 353
Epidemic 1999 350
Epidemic 2001 340

6. Disaster Date Cost (US$ X 1,000)
Drought 1983 71,103
Flood 1994 66,500
Flood 2010 30,000
Flood 1985 8,000
Flood 2000 4,805
Flood 2001 3,000
Flood 2003 2,570
Flood 2000 1,900
Flood 2005 147
Epidemic 1986 0
Source of data from slide 3-7: "EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International
Disaster Database, Universit� catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Bel."
Data version: v11.08

7. The rainy season (2012) in Nigeria has delivered more precipitation
than earlier years, causing flooding in 18 of 38 states. The excessive
water run-off was initially contained through contingency measures,
but the heavy rain in 2012 had led to the overflow of water reservoirs,
forced release of dam water and breaching of river boundaries and
banks, resulting in damage to roads, bridges and other infrastructure,
loss of property and livestock and displacement of people. The floods
affected over 134,371 people, displaced 64,473 people, injured 202 and
killed 148 people. The displaced population resorted to residing with
host families or in makeshift camps.

8. The pictures presents a clear
view of the country’s poor
drainage and waste management
system which exposes its citizen
and the country as a whole to a
variety of risks ranging from
health (individual) risk to
systematic risks.

10.  The role of the interlinked components of risk management cannot be overemphasized.
Knowledge helps to understand shocks, internal conditions, and potential outcomes,
thus reducing uncertainty.
 Protection helps to reduce the probability and size of losses and increase those of
benefits.
 Insurance is the transfer of resources across people and over time, from good to bad
states of nature.
 Coping on the other hand is to recover from losses and make the most of benefits.
 In contrast, when preparation is limited, or a shock is unexpectedly large, coping can
be haphazard and require costly measures leaving few resources for future risk,
worsening vulnerability to shocks, and weakening the household's ability to undertake
new opportunities.

15.  The major factors impeding effective risk management as regards flood in Nigeria lies both
on individuals and the governments’ path.
 On the individual’s path is the lack of resources, lack of information and cognitive failures i.e.
majority of homeowners in flood-prone areas are unaware of the risk of flood, and also
behavioral failures suggesting that in many cases, individuals seem to have short memories
regarding origins of, or prior crisis of various sort.
 On the other hand is the failures on the path of the government. These could stem from
capture of interest groups, corruption of government officials, and distortionary policies.
 From the ongoing it is therefore conclusive that the Nigeria government faced with the
tradeoffs of preparing for risk and coping with its consequence is better at the latter as
evidenced in the next slides which shows the role of the external environment in reducing the
impact of shocks.

19.  Developing countries are already suffering from the impacts of climate change and are the
most vulnerable to further change. Flooding is the common and most costly natural disaster,
though its impacts are also exacerbated by anthropogenic sources. Quality assessment of the
risk impacts of flood will facilitate countries to plan adaptation measures and adapt
effectively.
 Risk management helps to prepare for the shock that could undermine development. That
is, effective combination of capacities (research, protection, insurance) with an ability to
cope with the aftermath of the shock. Thus risk management helps in effectively combining
capacities thereby setting priorities and making choices which are both unavoidable and
necessary so as to effectively employ and manage resources.
 To overcome flooding in Nigeria, we need to learn the process of effective risk management
which begins with the understanding of risk embodied in a situation, and then how to
effectively prepare for the risk by allocating limited resources between combined capacities
and in essence striking a perfect balance without halting development.