This document discusses the concepts of resilience and vulnerability in emergency response systems. It defines resilience as the ability to recover readily from shocks through a combination of attitude, preparedness, and redundancy. Vulnerability is the potential for harm and is inversely related to resilience. The key aspects of resilient emergency response systems identified are adequate training and resources, robust collaborative command structures, inclusive participation, adaptable emergency plans, and redundant communications. A sustainable emergency response system is locally supported, continuously developing, and based on emergency planning that is applied flexibly and serves as an everyday function.

1. Integrated Emergency Response: From Vulnerability to Resilience Prof. David Alexander University of Florence, Italy

4. ingenious approaches

5. searching for solutions

7. alternative solutions

9. monitoring & forecasting

10. warning & evacuation

12. Resisting the shock through structuralmitigationand emergency planning and management

14. triggered by hazard impact

16. An asset is not vulnerable unless it is threatened by something A hazard is not hazardous unless it threatens something Resilience Vulnerability Hazard RISK Extreme events Elements at risk Exposure

17. Like friction, vulnerability only exists when it is mobilised by the application of forces.

20. Risk perception factors - + positive negative Total vulnerability Risk amplification factors Risk mitigation factors

21. Vulnerability management Hypothetical Diffuse Risk management Crisis management Emergency management Disaster management Concentrated Concrete

22. (Hazard x Vulnerability x Exposure) Resilience = Risk [ -> Impact -> Response] ....alternatively:- Hazard x (Vulnerability / Resilience) [x Exposure] = Risk [ -> Impact -> Response]

23. Resilience Civil Contingencies Management CivilProtection Disaster Management Varying objectives ofemergency management Broadening scope and outcomes

24. Causes of disaster natural geophysical, technological, social RESILIENCE History single and cumulative impact of past disasters Adaptation to risk Human cultures constraints and opportunities IMPACTS

25. Population (community) protection Plans, procedures, protocols Disaster risk reduction Hazard forecasting, monitoring, etc. Human and material resources Incident management

26. Community disaster planning Volunteerism Donations Self-organisation Community resources Organisation Resources Imposed organisation Governmental resources Laws, protocols, directives Standards, norms, guidelines International resources

27. Incident Emergencyresponse planning Permanent emergency plan Contingency planning in the pre-emergency phase (days) Operational planning Short-term strategic planning (hours -> days) Short-term tactical planning (hours)

30. Emergency co-ordination plan Emergency procedures The emergency environment Real-time contingency planning Spontaneous improvisation

31. Conclusions

32. Health system Contingency planning Resilience of emergency response Resilience of people and society Emergency medical response Search and rescue Emergency response Vulnerability of people and society Vulnerability of emergency response Emergency communications Emergency management

34. robust, collaborative command systems

35. inclusive of all participants

36. good, adaptable emergency plan

37. adaptability of structures & procedures

39. is given adequate resources

40. is continuously developing

41. is based locally, harmonised nationally

42. emergency planning is used adaptably

44. Harmonisationfromabove (national or regionallevels) Central control Devolution Organisation and growthfrombelow (locallevel: municipalities, volunteers, etc.)

45. Thank you for your kind attention! David.Alexander@unifi.it www.emergency-planning.blogspot.com