This document discusses the concepts of resilience and vulnerability in emergency response systems. It defines resilience as the ability to recover readily from shocks through a combination of attitude, preparedness, and redundancy. Vulnerability is the potential for harm and is inversely related to resilience. The key aspects of resilient emergency response systems identified are adequate training and resources, robust collaborative command structures, inclusive participation, adaptable emergency plans, and redundant communications. A sustainable emergency response system is locally supported, continuously developing, and based on emergency planning that is applied flexibly and serves as an everyday function.

1. Integrated Emergency Response:From Vulnerability to ResilienceProf. David AlexanderUniversity of Florence, Italy

2. Resilience [Resiliency]:definition: readily recovering from shock, buoyantthe term is derived from rheology, the science of the deformationofmatteraswithmaterials, so with society:aimfor the optimum combinationofabilitytoresist and absorbshocksresilience is an amalgam of attitude, preparedness and redundancy.

3. Attitude: positive outlook

4. ingenious approaches

5. searching for solutions

6. involving other peopleRESILIENCERedundancy expensive but worthwhile

7. alternative solutions

8. extra capacityPreparedness: emergency plans

9. monitoring & forecasting

10. warning & evacuation

11. public informationAbsorbing the shock throughthe humanecologyofadaptationtohazards:anurbanexampleofinherentresilienceLandslide

12. Resisting the shock throughstructuralmitigationandemergency planning and management

13. Vulnerability the potential for harm or losses (medical, social, economic, psychological) something that is constructed socially

14. triggered by hazard impact

15. a complex holistic phenomenon composed of different categories and parts the inverse of capability and resilience.ImpactResponseHazardExposurexVulnerability= Risk

16. An asset is notvulnerable unlessit is threatenedby somethingA hazard is nothazardous unlessit threatenssomethingResilienceVulnerabilityHazardRISKExtremeeventsElementsat riskExposure

17. Like friction, vulnerability only exists whenit is mobilised by the application of forces.

18. Primary cause and effectVULNERABILITYSecondary interaction of causes

19. coincidencesComplex networks of interactions

20. Risk perceptionfactors-+positivenegativeTotalvulnerabilityRiskamplificationfactorsRiskmitigationfactors

21. Vulnerability managementHypotheticalDiffuseRisk managementCrisis managementEmergency managementDisaster managementConcentratedConcrete

22. (Hazard x Vulnerability x Exposure)Resilience= Risk[ -> Impact -> Response]....alternatively:-Hazard x (Vulnerability / Resilience)[x Exposure]= Risk[ -> Impact -> Response]

23. ResilienceCivil Contingencies ManagementCivilProtectionDisasterManagementVaryingobjectivesofemergencymanagementBroadeningscope andoutcomes

24. Causes of disasternatural geophysical,technological, socialRESILIENCEHistorysingle andcumulativeimpactof pastdisastersAdaptationto riskHumanculturesconstraintsandopportunitiesIMPACTS

25. Population(community)protectionPlans,procedures,protocolsDisaster riskreductionHazardforecasting,monitoring,etc.Humanand materialresourcesIncidentmanagement

26. Community disaster planningVolunteerismDonationsSelf-organisationCommunityresourcesOrganisationResourcesImposedorganisationGovernmentalresourcesLaws, protocols, directivesStandards, norms, guidelinesInternational resources

27. IncidentEmergencyresponseplanningPermanent emergency planContingency planning inthe pre-emergency phase (days)Operational planningShort-term strategicplanning (hours -> days)Short-term tacticalplanning (hours)

28. Resilience lies in...anticipating changes before they occur

29. being able to adapt the plan flexibly to changes in circumstances having a carefully devised, well tested system of command and collaboration creating a realistic match between the plan and available resources (manpower, equipment, vehicles, etc.).

30. Emergencyco-ordinationplanEmergencyproceduresThe emergencyenvironmentReal-timecontingencyplanningSpontaneousimprovisation

31. Conclusions

32. HealthsystemContingencyplanningResilience ofemergency responseResilienceof peopleand societyEmergencymedicalresponseSearchandrescueEmergencyresponseVulnerabilityof peopleand societyVulnerabilityof emergencyresponseEmergencycommunicationsEmergencymanagement

33. The meaning of RESILIENCE in termsof emergency response systems:- adequate training and resources

34. robust, collaborative command systems

35. inclusive of all participants

36. good, adaptable emergency plan

37. adaptability of structures & procedures

38. redundant communications, etc.A SUSTAINABLEemergency response system:- is supported by the local population

39. is given adequate resources

40. is continuously developing

41. is based locally, harmonised nationally

42. emergency planning is used adaptably

43. is a fundamental, everyday service.REGIONAL ANDCOUNTY ORPROVINCIALEMERGENCYPLANSMUTUALASSISTANCEPACTSNATIONALEMERGENCY PLANAIRPORT ANDTRANSPORTEMERGENCYPLANSHOSPITALAND HEALTHSYSTEMEMERGENCYPLANMUNICIPALEMERGENCYPLANINDUSTRIALANDCOMMERCIALEMERGENCYPLANSCULTURALHERITAGEEMERGENCYPLAN

44. Harmonisationfromabove(national or regionallevels)CentralcontrolDevolutionOrganisation and growthfrombelow(locallevel: municipalities, volunteers, etc.)

45. Thank you for your kind attention!David.Alexander@unifi.itwww.emergency-planning.blogspot.com