This document provides information on nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), including its clinical features, radiological and pathological findings, differential diagnosis, and prognosis. NSIP is a chronic lung disease that presents with cough, dyspnea and fatigue. Radiologically, it appears as bilateral ground-glass opacities and reticular opacities predominantly in the lower lobes. Pathologically, NSIP has a uniform interstitial fibrosis without honeycombing. It has two subtypes, cellular and fibrotic, with the cellular type having a better prognosis. The diagnosis of NSIP is made after excluding other interstitial lung diseases.
Practical approach to interstitial lung diseases Hamdi Turkey
These lecture notes were prepared by Dr. Hamdi Turkey- Pulmonologist- Department of internal medicine - Taiz university
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A detailed description of sarcoidosis, pulmonary in specific but also covering the other systems. a rare entity in india or a better way to say, often an overlooked disease.
Pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases (non CTD)Sesha Sai
Pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases other than connective tissue disorders like stem cell, endocrine, abdominal, neuromuscular, hematological, chest wall abnormalities
Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease of the lungs which occurs when the tissue in the lungs gets scarred and is damaged. The scarring happens between and inside the air sacs within the lungs. When the scar is formed, the tissue becomes hard and thick and this makes it difficult for oxygen to go through the walls of the air sac and reach the bloodstream. It is worth pointing out that there is no cure for pulmonary fibrosis.
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
Group of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases
Unknown etiology
Varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis
In cases where diagnosis cannot be made because of overlap of CT and histological findings; Chrug & Muller proposed a three seperations on HRCT for chronic interstitial diseases.
Practical approach to interstitial lung diseases Hamdi Turkey
These lecture notes were prepared by Dr. Hamdi Turkey- Pulmonologist- Department of internal medicine - Taiz university
Do Not Forget To Visit Our Pages On Facebook on the following Links:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/569435236444761/
AND
https://www.facebook.com/groups/690331650977113/
A detailed description of sarcoidosis, pulmonary in specific but also covering the other systems. a rare entity in india or a better way to say, often an overlooked disease.
Pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases (non CTD)Sesha Sai
Pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases other than connective tissue disorders like stem cell, endocrine, abdominal, neuromuscular, hematological, chest wall abnormalities
Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease of the lungs which occurs when the tissue in the lungs gets scarred and is damaged. The scarring happens between and inside the air sacs within the lungs. When the scar is formed, the tissue becomes hard and thick and this makes it difficult for oxygen to go through the walls of the air sac and reach the bloodstream. It is worth pointing out that there is no cure for pulmonary fibrosis.
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
Group of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases
Unknown etiology
Varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis
In cases where diagnosis cannot be made because of overlap of CT and histological findings; Chrug & Muller proposed a three seperations on HRCT for chronic interstitial diseases.
This PPT includes the information about the interstital lung disease.This PPT is made up from the essentials of cardiopulmonary physical therapy by ellen hillegass.
Granulomatous conditions in ENT are rare conditions that we come in contact with, we tend to overlook them because they are so rare, however some of the conditions like TB and syphillis and Mucormycosis of the Nose and PNS are seen in our clinics
this is a good summary from scotts brown chapter
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
3. CLINICAL
NSIP is one of the “chronic interstitial lung diseases” that show
“restrictive pulmonary functions”
Obstructive airway disease Restrictive airway disease
General features (Reduced lung AIRFLOW)
Increase in resistance to
airflow due to obstruction at
any level
(Reduced lung VOLUME)
Reduced expansion of lung
parenchyma
Total lung capacity (TLC) Normal / Increased Reduced
Forced Expiratory Volume in
one second (FEV1)
Markedly reduced Normal / slightly reduced
4. CLINICAL
• NSIP is subacute - chronic lung disease
– Few months to years
• Mainly affects adults
– Mean age of onset is 40 – 50 years
• History of smoking in many cases
• Presenting with chronic cough, dyspnea, fatigue
• Prognosis: GOOD corticosteroids responsive
– Mean 5 years survival: 80 – 90%
– Cellular NSIP is better than fibrotic NSIP
NONSSPECIFIC means it does not
meet the diagnostic criteria for any of
other forms of idiopathic interstitial
pneumonia (e.g. UIP – DIP – DAD – HP)
5. CLINICAL
Radiological studies (HRCT) of NSIP
• Bilateral, symmetrical disease
– More prominent at lower lobes
• Ground-glass opacities
• Reticular/linear opacities
• Traction bronchiectasis may be seen
• Honeycombing is rare
– If prominent, think about UIP
6. GROSS
• Distribution:
– Bilateral, symmetrical disease
• More prominent at lower lobes
• Lung parenchyma:
– More homogenous fibrosis than UIP
• Firm, greyish white
– Traction bronchiectasis may be seen
– Honeycomb changes are very rare
7. MICROSCOPY
NSIP has two main subtypes:
• Cellular type
– Changes are predominantly cellular, with scant fibrosis
• Interstitial chronic inflammation
– Better prognosis
• Fibrotic type
– Changes are predominantly fibrotic, with less cellularity
• Uniform interstitial fibrosis
– Worse prognosis
• Mixed patterns can be seen in some cases
8. MICROSCOPY
Interstitial fibrosis in NSIP
• Distribution:
– Bilateral, symmetrical
• More prominent in lower lobes
• The whole lobule (periphery and center) is involved uniformly
• Lung architecture:
– Preserved architecture
• No/very rare honeycomb changes can be seen
9. MICROSCOPY
Interstitial fibrosis in NSIP
• Showing spatial uniformity
– Diffuse involvement on low power
• Diffuse = affects the whole lobule homogenously
– Mainly alveolar septa and bronchovascular bundles
– Sub-pleural involvement is less severe than UIP
• Showing temporal uniformity
– Loose to dense interstitial fibrosis
• No/very rare fibroblastic foci can be seen
• No lesions with different ages
10. MICROSCOPY
Interstitial inflammation in NSIP
• Diffuse or patchy distribution
• Mild – moderate infiltrate
• Chronic inflammation
• More in cellular phase > fibrotic phase
• Mainly lymphocytes > plasma cells”
11. MICROSCOPY
Other associated lesions / complications:
• Traction bronchiectasis may be seen
– Due to peri-bronchial fibrosis
• Smoking-related lesions
(( can be seen focally, but if extensive reconsider your diagnosis ))
– Intra-luminal macrophages: Desquamative interstitial pneumonia,
respiratory bronchiolitis
– Emphysema / chronic bronchitis
12. MICROSCOPY
Features NOT SEEN in NSIP
(( should be excluded before diagnosing NSIP ))
• Bronchiolo-centric distribution
• Acute lung injury / hyaline membranes
• Prominent fibroblastic foci / honeycomb changes
• Significant eosinophilic infiltrate
• Granulomas or giant cells
• Evidence of infection (confirmed by special studies)
13. MICROSCOPY
Discordant histologic features may be seen i.e. UIP on one biopsy,
NSIP on another one
• In this case, the final diagnosis is based on the worst lesion seen (UIP)
• Multiple biopsies are recommended to solve these cases
14. SPECIAL STUDIES
Special stains:
• Verhoeff’s Van Gieson “Elastic stain”
– Asses the lung architecture (preservation of elastic tissue)
– Stain elastic fibers “black”
– Stain collagen “red”
– Stain other tissue elements “yellow”
Verhoerff’s Van Gieson is also used in:
• Confirm invasion of elastic fibers in the visceral pleura
• For lung cancer staging
• Differentiate arteries from veins
• Evaluate vascular elastic tissue in vascular diseases
15. SPECIAL STUDIES
Special stains:
• Movat’s Pentachrome stain
– Asses the stage of the disease
• (degree of fibrosis/fibroblastic foci)
– Stain fibroblastic proliferation “blue-green“
– Stain dense collagen “yellow“
• Also Stains to exclude infections:
– Acid fast stains
– Fungal stains
Movat’s Pentachrome also stains:
• Elastic laminae “ black “
• Smooth muscle fibers “ dull red “
• Fibrinoid necrosis “ bright red “
16. SPECIAL STUDIES
Laboratory studies:
• Increased serum KL-6
– High-molecular weight glycoprotein
– Secreted by type 2 pneumonocytes
– Increased in interstitial lung diseases
• Also Negative serum markers for:
– Antibodies of connective tissue diseases
– Antibodies of hypersensitive pneumonia
17. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Other interstitial lung diseases
• Usual interstitial pneumonia
– Patchy on low power (spatial heterogeneity)
– Lesion with different ages with prominent fibroblastic foci (temporal
heterogeneity)
– Honeycomb change is prominent (lost architecture)
– Mild interstitial inflammation
• Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia
– Extensive diffuse interstitial chronic inflammation
• Expanding the alveolar septa
– Minimal to mild interstitial fibrosis
18. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Other interstitial lung diseases
(Organizing acute lung injury)
• Diffuse alveolar damage
– Temporal uniformity
– Diffuse
– Prominent hyaline membrane in early stages
– Edematous, fibroblasts proliferation more than dense fibrosis in organizing
stage
– Honeycomb changes only in late stages
• Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
– Temporally uniform
– Bronchiolo-centeric
– Intraluminal fibroblastic proliferation
– No collagenous fibrosis
22. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Other interstitial lung diseases (Granulomatous)
• Sarcoidosis
– Well formed granulomas (Epithelioid histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells)
– Fibrosis of granulomas is late change
– Less honeycomb changes
– Other organs involvement
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
– Bronchiolo-centric distribution
– Poorly formed granulomas or scattered giant cells
– Less interstitial fibrosis
– Less honeycomb changes
23. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Other interstitial lung diseases
• Langerhans cell histiocytosis
– Stellate, bronchiolo-centric nodules of Langerhans cells
• Positive for CD1a
– Fibrosis of nodules is a late change
– No/rare honeycomb changes
– No fibroblastic foci
24. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Other interstitial lung diseases
(that may show NSIP-Like pattern)
• Connective tissue diseases - associated interstitial lung diseases
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
– NSIP may be the sole histologic lesion of hypersensitivity pneumonia
• Positive exposure history
• Positive serum antibodies
• Drug induced injury
• Immunodeficiency (HIV)
25. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Connective tissue disease-associated
• Common associated patterns: NSIP and LIP
• Less common: UIP (especially with Rheumatoid arthritis)
• Think about connective tissue diseases if:
– More Interstitial chronic inflammation
• Prominent plasma cells differentiation
• Lymphoid aggregates with germinal center
– Less fibrosis / honeycomb changes
– Extensive pleuritic
– Dense perivascular collagen
• Also positive serum antibodies