The document provides an overview of fire safety, including the definition and elements of fire, phases of burning, causes, preventive measures, and methods of fire extinction. It also outlines the operation of fire extinguishers and emergency procedures to follow during a fire alarm. The emphasis is on education, preparedness, and quick response to ensure safety in the event of a fire.

1. BY
HENRY UZOMA (B.Eng, M.Sc, PGDE, MISPN, MNES,
MNSChE)
PRINCIPAL CONSULTANT, EDACCESS SERVICES
AND SENIOR INSTRUCTOR, INSTITUTE OF
SAFETY PROFESSIONALS OF NIGERIA
BASIC FIRE SAFETY COURSE

3. DEFINITION OF FIRE
FIRE is a rapid chemical reaction
that results in combustion and
release of products which are
different in composition from the
initial components.

4. ELEMENTS OF FIRE
 HEAT OR SOURCE OF IGNITION
 OXYGEN OR AIR
 FUEL OR COMBUSTIBLE
 CHEMICAL REACTION

5. PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
FIRE GASES
HEAT
SMOKE
FLAME
ASHES

6. PHASES OF BURNING
 INCIPIENT
 FREE BURNING
 SMOTHERING

7. MODE OF FIRE SPREAD
CONDUCTION
CONVECTION
RADIATION
DIRECT FLAME
CONTACT

8. REASONS FOR FIRE SPREAD
DELAYED DISCOVERY
SUFFICIENT FUEL
LACK OF FIRE
RESISTANT
STRUCTURES

9. CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
CLASS A
CLASS B
CLASS C
CLASS D
ALSO CLASS E AND F

10. CAUSES OF FIRE
 IGNORANCE
 CARELESSNESS
 SMOKING IN PROHIBITED AREAS
 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
 DEFFECTIVE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
 SPONTANEOUS IGNITION
 ARSON
 THUNDER & LIGHTENING
 EARTHQUAKE
 VOLCANIC ERUPTION

11. FIRE PREVENTIVE MEASURES
 GOOD HOUSEKEEPPING
 EDUCATION/TRAINING
 ENGINEERING/ TECHNOLOGY
 ENFORCEMENT

13. PRINCIPLES OF FIRE
EXTINCTION
COOLING
STARVATION
SMOTHERING
INHIBITION

14. PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
 WATER
 FOAM
 CARBON DIOXIDE
 DRY CHEMICAL POWDER

15. IMPROVISED MEANS OF
EXTINCTION
 FIRE BLANKET
 FIRE SAND

16. OPERATION OF FIRE
EXTINGIUSHER
 P ------PULL THE PIN
 A-----AIM AT THE BASE
 S-----SQUEEZE THE HANDLE
 S-----SWEEP SIDE BY SIDE

17. WHAT TO DO AT THE INSTANCE
OF FIRE
 SOUND THE FIRE ALARM
 ALERT OTHER PEOPLE IN THE VICINITY
 NOTIFY EXTERNAL EMERGENCY AGENCIES
 EVACUATE THE BUILDING
 FIGHT THE FIRE

18. WHAT TO DO AT HEARING FIRE
ALARM
 BE ALERT, DO NOT PANIC
 HEAD FOR THE NEAREST EXIT
 DO NOT USE ANY LIFT OR CENTRAL STIRCASE
 ASSEMBLE AT THE MUSTER POINT
 CARRY OUT A QUICK ROLL CALL BY ASSIGNED
OFFICER
 IF IN THE LIFT , STOP AT NEAREST FLOOR,
COME OUT AND USE NEAREST EXIT

19. WHAT TO DO AT HEARING FIRE
ALARM CONTD
 DO NOT RETURN TO THE BUILDING UNTILL A
COMPETENT AUTHORITY GIVES CLEARANCEE.
 IF YOU ARE ON FIRE, STOP WHERE YOU, DROP
ON THE FLOOR OR GROUND AND ROLL YOUR
SELF.
 IF YOUR VICINITY IS FULL OF SMOKE, CRAWL
TO SAFETY
 IF FLAME HAS COVERED YOUR ONLY EXIT,
USE ANY MATERIAL WITH REASONABLE WIDTH
TO DIVIDE THE FLAME AND ESCAPE.
 YOU CAN QUICKLY PASS THROUGH FLAME
WITH WET BLANKET

20. TOGETHER LET’S KEEP FIRE
OUT
BE READY BE PREPARED