This document provides an analysis of existing structures at Cape Rachado site in Port Dickson, Malaysia. It describes various pathways, stairs, railings, retaining walls, gazebos, signboards, benches, observatory decks, picnic tables, and a beach gazebo. For each structure, it details materials used, dimensions, strengths, and weaknesses. Concrete and reinforced concrete are common materials used due to durability. Structures blend into the natural surroundings using materials like wood and adopting traditional Malay design elements. The document evaluates each structure's suitability for the site and visitors.
This document provides an analysis of the site Cape Rachado, including existing structures and landscape elements. It contains details on the:
1. Concrete pathways and steps built along hiking trails from the lighthouse to the beach. Observatories, gazebos, and signage provide places for bird watching and learning.
2. Retaining walls and railings constructed from materials like concrete, wood, and steel help stabilize slopes and provide safety.
3. Surrounding forest landscape contains various tree species up to 60 meters tall, with densities and soil conditions changing from beach to inland areas.
The document describes the design process of a 1:5 scale model of a bamboo bus shelter. It discusses the design concepts, material selection, structural analysis, construction progress, and joinery techniques. Bamboo and thatched roof materials were chosen for their sustainability and ability to withstand tropical weather conditions. Various prototypes were tested before finalizing a design with diagonal bracing for the roof and inverted V bracing on the sides to reinforce the structure and distribute loads from the roof to the ground.
The document summarizes the home construction process from site preparation through mechanical systems installation. It describes laying out the building site, excavating for and pouring the foundation, framing the floors, walls and roof, installing insulation, drywall and mechanical systems like electrical, plumbing and HVAC. Diagrams show the components and construction steps for foundations, framing, ceilings, roofs and mechanical rough-ins.
The document discusses various types of roof systems and components. It describes different types of roof decks including cementitious wood-fiber panels, lightweight insulating concrete, poured gypsum concrete, and structural concrete. It also discusses steel decks, thermosetting insulating fillies deck, and wood planks or panel deck. The document then discusses types of roofs including pitched or sloping roofs and flat roofs. It provides details on different forms of pitched roofs and roof truss systems including king post, queen post, mansard, steel, and composite trusses.
This document provides information on roofs and roofing structures. It begins with an introduction that defines a roof and discusses their purpose of protecting buildings from weather. It then discusses different roof materials, shapes, and parts. Common roof types are described such as gabled, hipped, arched and domed roofs. Specific structural systems like trusses, cables, and masts are examined. Different structural materials for roofs like wood, metal, and fabric are also covered. The document concludes with descriptions of innovative roof projects from architects that utilize unique structural systems and materials.
Cladding is an exterior finishing system akin to a skin or an additional non-load bearing layer which serves a dual purpose. It not only helps in protecting the interiors of the building from the harsh weather elements but also makes the outside decorative and attractive. The right cladding helps to maintain the building's weather-tight and cost-effective, at the same time provides thermal insulation, reducing the temperature variation inside the building. It also helps to improve interior acoustic and day lighting.
This document provides an analysis of the site Cape Rachado, including existing structures and landscape elements. It contains details on the:
1. Concrete pathways and steps built along hiking trails from the lighthouse to the beach. Observatories, gazebos, and signage provide places for bird watching and learning.
2. Retaining walls and railings constructed from materials like concrete, wood, and steel help stabilize slopes and provide safety.
3. Surrounding forest landscape contains various tree species up to 60 meters tall, with densities and soil conditions changing from beach to inland areas.
The document describes the design process of a 1:5 scale model of a bamboo bus shelter. It discusses the design concepts, material selection, structural analysis, construction progress, and joinery techniques. Bamboo and thatched roof materials were chosen for their sustainability and ability to withstand tropical weather conditions. Various prototypes were tested before finalizing a design with diagonal bracing for the roof and inverted V bracing on the sides to reinforce the structure and distribute loads from the roof to the ground.
The document summarizes the home construction process from site preparation through mechanical systems installation. It describes laying out the building site, excavating for and pouring the foundation, framing the floors, walls and roof, installing insulation, drywall and mechanical systems like electrical, plumbing and HVAC. Diagrams show the components and construction steps for foundations, framing, ceilings, roofs and mechanical rough-ins.
The document discusses various types of roof systems and components. It describes different types of roof decks including cementitious wood-fiber panels, lightweight insulating concrete, poured gypsum concrete, and structural concrete. It also discusses steel decks, thermosetting insulating fillies deck, and wood planks or panel deck. The document then discusses types of roofs including pitched or sloping roofs and flat roofs. It provides details on different forms of pitched roofs and roof truss systems including king post, queen post, mansard, steel, and composite trusses.
This document provides information on roofs and roofing structures. It begins with an introduction that defines a roof and discusses their purpose of protecting buildings from weather. It then discusses different roof materials, shapes, and parts. Common roof types are described such as gabled, hipped, arched and domed roofs. Specific structural systems like trusses, cables, and masts are examined. Different structural materials for roofs like wood, metal, and fabric are also covered. The document concludes with descriptions of innovative roof projects from architects that utilize unique structural systems and materials.
Cladding is an exterior finishing system akin to a skin or an additional non-load bearing layer which serves a dual purpose. It not only helps in protecting the interiors of the building from the harsh weather elements but also makes the outside decorative and attractive. The right cladding helps to maintain the building's weather-tight and cost-effective, at the same time provides thermal insulation, reducing the temperature variation inside the building. It also helps to improve interior acoustic and day lighting.
The document discusses several precedent studies of building projects that utilized different construction systems and materials. It includes details on a metal roofing system used at Towson University, a terra cotta facade and composite concrete floor system at Villa Isola Bella, a steel frame structure at the Aspen Art Museum, a terra cotta facade at UMKC Bloch Executive Hall, a double skin facade and louvers at the Surry Hills Library, and sketches of terra cotta facade panels and a double skin facade. Sectional perspectives further illustrate a proposed community library design utilizing several of these systems, including a composite concrete floor, double skin facade, and steel frame structure.
Building Technology 1 Assignment 2 - Construction SolutionsJoe Onn Lim
This document presents student Lim Joe Onn's assignment for a Building Technology module, which includes precedent studies and proposals for the façade and roof systems of a proposed Vertical Park Library in Kuala Lumpur. Precedent studies include a ventilation block façade from Vietnam, a green wall system from Kuala Lumpur, and a thatched roof villa from Bali. Two façade proposals are presented: one with precast concrete ventilation blocks, and one with a green wall system of hollow posts, cables and planter boxes. A sectional perspective shows a proposed thatched roof system using nipa palm leaves and bamboo.
The document provides details of a project to design an alternative construction for a Visitor Appreciation Centre using sustainable materials. It includes sections on the design brief, precedent studies of similar projects using natural materials, comparisons of existing and modified structural systems, and material specifications. Precedent projects utilized rammed earth, bamboo, and timber constructions. The proposed design modifies the structural systems using bamboo for the roof, columns, and beams and rammed earth for the walls and floor.
The EZ Wall™ Thin Brick Cladding System has been installed across the country and around the world on a wide range of commercial and retail projects, as well as reface and remodel projects.
Discover how you can use concrete lego blocks to solve many civil engineering problems. Learn how to value engineer your next project with concrete lego blocks. They are excellent for the construction of a number of retaining walls including, gravity retaining walls, reinforced block retaining walls and inclined retaining walls
Building Technology 1 Construction Solutions Reportdouglasloon
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Building Technology (BLD 61403)
This document outlines an assignment for a course on Effective Public Communication. Students are required to work in groups of 4-5 and give a 15-20 minute oral presentation analyzing concepts of communication found in examples of mural paintings or steel artwork. The presentation must describe the artist's background, the artwork, and identify and analyze 5 communication concepts found within the chosen artworks. Students must submit their presentation materials and follow APA referencing guidelines. They will be assessed based on their understanding of the task, the quality of their content and argument, use of references, and grammar.
The document discusses product design and the product design process. It defines product design as the process of creating and developing new products through detailed study, design ideas, and extending into production, logistics and marketing. The main stages of the product design process are research, design, manufacturing, and marketing. Product designers enhance a product's emotional appeal, improve functionality, make products more efficient, and make them cheaper to produce through innovative design and materials. Drawing techniques used in product design include freehand drawing, concept sketching, thematic sketches, schematic sketches, rendering, and drawing on computer.
In some countries young people have little leisure time and are under a lot of pressure to work hard in their studies. What do you think are the causes and effects of this condition? Plan your response, and then write a cause or effect essay.
The document summarizes three murals created by different artists to communicate messages. The first mural by Chua Chi Yan aims to raise awareness about endangered hippopotamuses and uses augmented reality. The second by Syafiq Rasyid Abdul Jalil is a 3D installation titled "Quit Smoking" that depicts damaged lungs to discourage smoking. The third mural by Kenji Chai uses an orangutan mother and child to metaphorically represent the struggles of single mothers in Malaysia.
Joan of Arc leads the French army to victory over the English in several battles. However, she is eventually wounded in combat and captured by the English. She is put on trial for heresy and sentenced to death by burning at the stake. The document also depicts King Charles VII's coronation at Reims Cathedral after the French victories, cementing his status as ruler of France. It provides context of the battles between the French and English in 15th century France during the Hundred Years War through dramatizing key events in Joan of Arc's life.
This document provides details of a final landscape design project for a 10x10 meter site located on a balcony between two buildings on the Taylor's University campus. The group analyzed the site conditions, including location, vegetation, sunlight, and accessibility. Their design concept was to create a peaceful Japanese-inspired garden called Heiwa Park, with various plantings and seating areas at different elevations to provide a relaxing space for students and staff. Master plans, planting plans, and construction details are included to propose the design and layout of the new green space.
This document outlines the planning process for a play about Joan of Arc. It will include scenes depicting French culture before the Hundred Years War, the two-day Siege of Orleans where Joan led the French army to victory, and the coronation of King Charles VII at Reims Cathedral. Costumes will include armor for soldiers, bishops and the king. Props will feature weapons and items for the coronation. The design process will start with brainstorming, then delegating tasks, with group members assisting on larger projects. References include history websites about Joan of Arc and her role in Charles' coronation.
1. The document describes a story called "For-Never" about a boy named Romeo who becomes infatuated with a girl named Sophia but does not realize she only sees him as a friend.
2. It outlines the plot of their relationship developing until Sophia leaves for studies abroad and later introduces her boyfriend on a date with Romeo.
3. The document also discusses psychological concepts like stereotyping, confirmation bias, and attitude formation that are demonstrated through the story.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
This document outlines a business plan for an animal cafe. It details the products and services offered including food/beverage and animal interactions. The target market is middle-income individuals interested in unusual animals. It presents weaknesses like high prices and lists staff roles. Financial projections estimate annual profits of over $1 million based on entrance fees, photos, food sales, and animal feed costs as the main expenses. Past profits are shown to be decreasing yearly. References for the business plan are also included.
The document proposes an underground city. It summarizes an ancient underground city called Derinkuyu in Turkey that had 18 levels extending 60 meters deep and could shelter 20,000 people. Key features discussed are its ventilation shafts, tunnels, and wells to provide fresh water. These characteristics will influence the design of the proposed underground city. The document also briefly mentions another ancient underground city in Burlington, UK but provides few details. Overall the document researches and investigates existing underground cities as part of developing a proposal for a new underground city.
The document discusses the history and development of paper money. It describes how paper money was first used as promissory notes and certificates that could be exchanged for precious metals like gold or silver. Over time, governments and banks began to issue paper money that was not backed by precious metals, which led to the fiat currency that is used in most modern economies today.
1. The document provides information about a report submitted by a group of students for their Architecture Culture and History 2 course. The report details the Bank Negara Malaysia building.
2. Bank Negara Malaysia was built in 1970 and designed by Nik Mohamed Mahmood to house the functions of Malaysia's central banking system. It is located near important government buildings in Kuala Lumpur.
3. The report includes sections on the building's history, architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction methods, and individual components analyzed by group members. It follows a typical report structure with individual and group components.
1) The document compares and contrasts the musical films Mamma Mia! and Tangled. Mamma Mia! is a 2008 live-action film based on ABBA songs, about a bride finding her father. Tangled is Disney's 2010 animated film loosely based on Rapunzel, about a girl with magical healing hair.
2) The films differ in their portrayal of mothers - Mamma Mia!'s Donna lovingly raises her daughter, while Tangled's Rapunzel is imprisoned and controlled by the witch Mother Gothel.
3) The main characters also differ - outgoing Sophie invites her fathers to her wedding, while introverted Rapunzel spends 18 years trapped in a tower
Advertising is a paid form of non-personal promotion delivered through media outlets to inform people about new products and services, persuade them to purchase through reminders and repeated exposure, and encourage repeat buying. Advertising that misleads customers about products or tricks them into purchases can be considered false advertising and open companies up to legal complaints or lawsuits from consumers.
This document provides a summary of the history and variants of bak kut teh, a herbal pork rib soup that originated from Fujian, China. It details how the dish was brought to Malaysia and Singapore by Hokkien immigrants in the 19th century. There are numerous regional variants of bak kut teh across Malaysia and Singapore depending on local Chinese dialects. The document also gives an overview of the typical ingredients in bak kut teh including different pork cuts, herbs, vegetables, and rice or noodle accompaniments.
The document discusses several precedent studies of building projects that utilized different construction systems and materials. It includes details on a metal roofing system used at Towson University, a terra cotta facade and composite concrete floor system at Villa Isola Bella, a steel frame structure at the Aspen Art Museum, a terra cotta facade at UMKC Bloch Executive Hall, a double skin facade and louvers at the Surry Hills Library, and sketches of terra cotta facade panels and a double skin facade. Sectional perspectives further illustrate a proposed community library design utilizing several of these systems, including a composite concrete floor, double skin facade, and steel frame structure.
Building Technology 1 Assignment 2 - Construction SolutionsJoe Onn Lim
This document presents student Lim Joe Onn's assignment for a Building Technology module, which includes precedent studies and proposals for the façade and roof systems of a proposed Vertical Park Library in Kuala Lumpur. Precedent studies include a ventilation block façade from Vietnam, a green wall system from Kuala Lumpur, and a thatched roof villa from Bali. Two façade proposals are presented: one with precast concrete ventilation blocks, and one with a green wall system of hollow posts, cables and planter boxes. A sectional perspective shows a proposed thatched roof system using nipa palm leaves and bamboo.
The document provides details of a project to design an alternative construction for a Visitor Appreciation Centre using sustainable materials. It includes sections on the design brief, precedent studies of similar projects using natural materials, comparisons of existing and modified structural systems, and material specifications. Precedent projects utilized rammed earth, bamboo, and timber constructions. The proposed design modifies the structural systems using bamboo for the roof, columns, and beams and rammed earth for the walls and floor.
The EZ Wall™ Thin Brick Cladding System has been installed across the country and around the world on a wide range of commercial and retail projects, as well as reface and remodel projects.
Discover how you can use concrete lego blocks to solve many civil engineering problems. Learn how to value engineer your next project with concrete lego blocks. They are excellent for the construction of a number of retaining walls including, gravity retaining walls, reinforced block retaining walls and inclined retaining walls
Building Technology 1 Construction Solutions Reportdouglasloon
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Building Technology (BLD 61403)
This document outlines an assignment for a course on Effective Public Communication. Students are required to work in groups of 4-5 and give a 15-20 minute oral presentation analyzing concepts of communication found in examples of mural paintings or steel artwork. The presentation must describe the artist's background, the artwork, and identify and analyze 5 communication concepts found within the chosen artworks. Students must submit their presentation materials and follow APA referencing guidelines. They will be assessed based on their understanding of the task, the quality of their content and argument, use of references, and grammar.
The document discusses product design and the product design process. It defines product design as the process of creating and developing new products through detailed study, design ideas, and extending into production, logistics and marketing. The main stages of the product design process are research, design, manufacturing, and marketing. Product designers enhance a product's emotional appeal, improve functionality, make products more efficient, and make them cheaper to produce through innovative design and materials. Drawing techniques used in product design include freehand drawing, concept sketching, thematic sketches, schematic sketches, rendering, and drawing on computer.
In some countries young people have little leisure time and are under a lot of pressure to work hard in their studies. What do you think are the causes and effects of this condition? Plan your response, and then write a cause or effect essay.
The document summarizes three murals created by different artists to communicate messages. The first mural by Chua Chi Yan aims to raise awareness about endangered hippopotamuses and uses augmented reality. The second by Syafiq Rasyid Abdul Jalil is a 3D installation titled "Quit Smoking" that depicts damaged lungs to discourage smoking. The third mural by Kenji Chai uses an orangutan mother and child to metaphorically represent the struggles of single mothers in Malaysia.
Joan of Arc leads the French army to victory over the English in several battles. However, she is eventually wounded in combat and captured by the English. She is put on trial for heresy and sentenced to death by burning at the stake. The document also depicts King Charles VII's coronation at Reims Cathedral after the French victories, cementing his status as ruler of France. It provides context of the battles between the French and English in 15th century France during the Hundred Years War through dramatizing key events in Joan of Arc's life.
This document provides details of a final landscape design project for a 10x10 meter site located on a balcony between two buildings on the Taylor's University campus. The group analyzed the site conditions, including location, vegetation, sunlight, and accessibility. Their design concept was to create a peaceful Japanese-inspired garden called Heiwa Park, with various plantings and seating areas at different elevations to provide a relaxing space for students and staff. Master plans, planting plans, and construction details are included to propose the design and layout of the new green space.
This document outlines the planning process for a play about Joan of Arc. It will include scenes depicting French culture before the Hundred Years War, the two-day Siege of Orleans where Joan led the French army to victory, and the coronation of King Charles VII at Reims Cathedral. Costumes will include armor for soldiers, bishops and the king. Props will feature weapons and items for the coronation. The design process will start with brainstorming, then delegating tasks, with group members assisting on larger projects. References include history websites about Joan of Arc and her role in Charles' coronation.
1. The document describes a story called "For-Never" about a boy named Romeo who becomes infatuated with a girl named Sophia but does not realize she only sees him as a friend.
2. It outlines the plot of their relationship developing until Sophia leaves for studies abroad and later introduces her boyfriend on a date with Romeo.
3. The document also discusses psychological concepts like stereotyping, confirmation bias, and attitude formation that are demonstrated through the story.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
This document outlines a business plan for an animal cafe. It details the products and services offered including food/beverage and animal interactions. The target market is middle-income individuals interested in unusual animals. It presents weaknesses like high prices and lists staff roles. Financial projections estimate annual profits of over $1 million based on entrance fees, photos, food sales, and animal feed costs as the main expenses. Past profits are shown to be decreasing yearly. References for the business plan are also included.
The document proposes an underground city. It summarizes an ancient underground city called Derinkuyu in Turkey that had 18 levels extending 60 meters deep and could shelter 20,000 people. Key features discussed are its ventilation shafts, tunnels, and wells to provide fresh water. These characteristics will influence the design of the proposed underground city. The document also briefly mentions another ancient underground city in Burlington, UK but provides few details. Overall the document researches and investigates existing underground cities as part of developing a proposal for a new underground city.
The document discusses the history and development of paper money. It describes how paper money was first used as promissory notes and certificates that could be exchanged for precious metals like gold or silver. Over time, governments and banks began to issue paper money that was not backed by precious metals, which led to the fiat currency that is used in most modern economies today.
1. The document provides information about a report submitted by a group of students for their Architecture Culture and History 2 course. The report details the Bank Negara Malaysia building.
2. Bank Negara Malaysia was built in 1970 and designed by Nik Mohamed Mahmood to house the functions of Malaysia's central banking system. It is located near important government buildings in Kuala Lumpur.
3. The report includes sections on the building's history, architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction methods, and individual components analyzed by group members. It follows a typical report structure with individual and group components.
1) The document compares and contrasts the musical films Mamma Mia! and Tangled. Mamma Mia! is a 2008 live-action film based on ABBA songs, about a bride finding her father. Tangled is Disney's 2010 animated film loosely based on Rapunzel, about a girl with magical healing hair.
2) The films differ in their portrayal of mothers - Mamma Mia!'s Donna lovingly raises her daughter, while Tangled's Rapunzel is imprisoned and controlled by the witch Mother Gothel.
3) The main characters also differ - outgoing Sophie invites her fathers to her wedding, while introverted Rapunzel spends 18 years trapped in a tower
Advertising is a paid form of non-personal promotion delivered through media outlets to inform people about new products and services, persuade them to purchase through reminders and repeated exposure, and encourage repeat buying. Advertising that misleads customers about products or tricks them into purchases can be considered false advertising and open companies up to legal complaints or lawsuits from consumers.
This document provides a summary of the history and variants of bak kut teh, a herbal pork rib soup that originated from Fujian, China. It details how the dish was brought to Malaysia and Singapore by Hokkien immigrants in the 19th century. There are numerous regional variants of bak kut teh across Malaysia and Singapore depending on local Chinese dialects. The document also gives an overview of the typical ingredients in bak kut teh including different pork cuts, herbs, vegetables, and rice or noodle accompaniments.
Bak kut teh is a Chinese pork rib soup that originated in Fujian province, China and was introduced to Malaysia and Singapore by Hokkien immigrants in the 19th century. The document discusses two bak kut teh restaurants - Ah Hock Seafood Bak Kut Teh restaurant, which combines bak kut teh with local seafood, and Ah Ping Bak Kut Teh restaurant. It also analyzes the competitors for each restaurant and provides recommendations to help the restaurants improve their operations and growth.
This document outlines the plans for a charity drive business project organized by students to raise funds for an old folks home. The group will sell various products like candies, breads, and curry puffs as well as provide henna art and hairstyling services. They analyze target markets, competitors, and develop strategies for product packaging, pricing, and promotion over 5 days. The objective is to raise RM2,500 for the charity through creative and strategic business planning and experience different business functions and social responsibilities.
This document discusses several psychological concepts:
1) Social loafing refers to people exerting less effort in a group due to less accountability. It impacts group cohesion and the ability to gauge individual efforts.
2) Attribution theory is about interpreting the causes of one's own actions, considering both dispositional and situational factors.
3) Introspection involves examining one's own conscious thoughts and feelings by turning off biases and adopting a neutral perspective to look within.
The document contains a floor plan and building materials list for the ADP building and foyer. It includes sections about timber, stairs/handrailing, tiles, concrete, and different types of each material. Timber is described as a natural and renewable building material. Stairs and handrails can be made of wood, steel, aluminum or vinyl. Tiles are thin slabs made of materials like ceramic, stone, metal or glass. Floor tiles include natural stone, rubber, plastic and ceramic options. Concrete is a composite material made of water, aggregate and cement.
The document discusses the design and components of timber structures. It describes various timber elements like beams, columns, foundations and connections. It covers different types of timber roof trusses and their joints. It also discusses the design of timber floors, including trusses, beams and columns. Finally, it addresses factors to consider in the design of timber structures like permissible stresses, modification factors, bearing stresses and column classifications.
Formwork Presentation for Construction TechnologyI'mMiss Lily
1. Formwork refers to the temporary structure used to support wet concrete until it is cured and can support itself. Common materials used include wood, steel, aluminum, plastic and plywood.
2. A good formwork must be water tight, strong, and reusable while also considering factors like quality, safety, and economy. It must be able to withstand loads, retain its shape, and be removed without damaging the concrete.
3. Different types of formworks are used for columns, beams, slabs, and other structural elements. Column formwork typically consists of side and end planks joined by yokes and bolts. Beam formworks use thick timber or plywood and are supported by props.
Tensile structures provide large column-free interior spaces through the use of tensioned fabric membranes maintained under tension by cable or truss networks. They offer several advantages over conventional structures like flexibility in design, natural daylighting, low costs, and minimal maintenance. However, the lightweight nature of fabric requires careful consideration of structural form finding, static and dynamic load analysis, and material patterning during the design process to develop stable, efficient tensile structures.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 ; PROJECT 1 REPORTDarshiini Vig
The document describes a student project to construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter with a skeletal structure using recycled materials. The team researched skeletal construction and designed a shelter combining steel and timber posts, beams, and joints. This provided structural integrity while allowing for aesthetic variations. Diagrams and photos show the design's development from initial sketches through various prototype scales to the final scaled model shelter.
Form work for R.C.C. Wall, slab, beam and column, centering for arches
of large spans and dams, design features for temporary works, slip
formwork, False work for Bridges
Cold Formed Steel Building Cold Formed Steel Building.pptxErmiasamare2
This document provides an overview of a lecture on cold formed steel building structures. It discusses the materials used including steel, fasteners, connectors, cladding, insulation and roofing. The key components of cold formed steel structures are described including walls, joists and trusses. The design and construction process is outlined involving manufacturing, transportation, construction assembly, foundation work, erection and finishing. Finally, the advantages of cold formed steel structures are summarized such as cost efficiency, quick construction, recyclability, energy efficiency, durability, flexibility and seismic performance.
The document discusses the development and evolution of orthodontic appliances over time. It describes early appliances like the E-arch and pin and tube appliance. It then covers innovations like the ribbon arch, Begg's appliance, and edgewise appliance. The document also discusses modern materials for brackets and archwires, including metals, ceramics, and plastics. It provides details on bracket prescriptions, bonding techniques, and debonding procedures.
Street furniture includes elements placed in public spaces for user enjoyment and circulation control. Examples include benches, bollards, signage, and lighting. The document discusses various types of street furniture components and materials, including bollards made from cast iron, steel, composite materials, and stainless steel. It also covers the design of seating, shelters, litter bins, and other fixtures, providing principles for accessibility and wayfinding. The selection of materials and placement of street furniture should enhance the user experience while allowing clear pedestrian access.
A PowerPoint Presentation On Superstructurekuntansourav
The document discusses different types of stone and brick masonry, including rubble masonry, ashlar masonry, and classifications within each. It also covers topics like doors, louvers, glazing, windows, ventilation, staircases, scaffolding, and shoring. Stone masonry uses stone units bonded with mortar, while brick masonry uses individual bricks laid in a pattern. Staircases require specific widths, heights, materials and other design elements to be safe and functional. Scaffolding and shoring are used to support structures during construction.
The document discusses various surface active systems including folded plate structures, shell structures, barrel vaults, domes, and hyperbolic paraboloids. It provides details on the different types of each structure, their construction methods, advantages and disadvantages. A key point made is that shell structures can span long distances with thin materials due to their curved shapes distributing loads efficiently. Case studies of notable projects using these structural systems are also presented, such as the Sydney Opera House and Vidhan Sabha government building in Bhopal, India.
Landscape Architecture- Hardscaping elements Grace Henry
Hardscaping refers to permanent landscape elements made from hard materials like stone, concrete, wood, and metal. It includes features like driveways, walkways, retaining walls, stairs, and planters. Hardscaping is used to provide structure, separate different areas, and enhance the beauty of the natural landscape. There are many options for hardscaping materials with considerations including durability, maintenance needs, and aesthetic qualities. Proper planning is needed to incorporate hardscaping elements that meet the functional needs of the space.
building materilas-1_architecture_Straw as a building material-physical aspects - Basics, Fire, moisture, insects and pests proof.
Plastering straw bale walls, straw bale roof.
Formwork for Bridge and Centering Of ArchYash Patel
This document discusses different types of formwork and centering used in bridge construction. It describes centering for arches, including factors to consider like arch shape, span and thickness. Big arches may use timber truss, trestle or steel truss centering. Falsework supports arch structures during construction and consists of foundation pads, corbels, beams and posts. Slip formwork is an economical system for vertical structures like piers using sheathing, wales, yokes and scaffolds that eliminates joints and allows speedy construction.
This document provides information about timber as a vernacular construction material. It discusses the properties, advantages, and disadvantages of timber. It describes various uses of timber in construction including roofing, floors, framing, staircases, walls, doors, and windows. The document also examines the kath-khuni architecture of the Himalayan vernacular, including its materials, construction techniques, and aesthetic elements like carving. Examples of some of the oldest wooden buildings and structures from around the world are also mentioned.
Traditional construction involves assembling building parts on-site to construct buildings from the ground up. This includes creating foundations, walls, roofs, etc. at the construction site. Common construction methods include concrete, masonry, and wood framing. Foundations transfer loads from the structure to the soil and come in shallow and deep varieties. Different foundation types include pads, raft slabs, piles, which can be made of materials like concrete, steel, or wood. Formwork and scaffolding provide temporary structures to support concrete and crews during construction.
TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD
BASICS OF FORMWORK AND STAGING
COMMON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION METHOD
MODULAR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION METHOD
PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION METHOD
BASICS OF SLIP FORMING FOR TALL STRUCTURES
BASICS CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR STEEL STRUCTURES
BASICS CONSTRUCTION METHODS BRIDGES
This document summarizes the design and construction of a temporary bus shelter. It describes the organic design inspiration taken from lily plants and how the shelter is designed to withstand weather using a curved roof. The technical drawings, materials used like glulam wood and their joints, and the construction process are documented. Load testing showed the need for bracing and moving the supporting columns to the center to evenly distribute weight. The final design uses a wide concrete base to stably support the glulam structure and roof.
Portal Frame Construction & Pre Engineered Building SystemIan Toisa
A steel structure built over a structural concept of primary members, secondary members and the cover sheeting connected to each other. The structural member are custom designed to be lighter in weight as well as high in strength.
This document outlines a community service initiative to revitalize the learning environment at SMK Methodist school in Banting, Malaysia. The project aims to address the school's lack of spaces for group discussion, private study, and recreational activities by developing the unused school garden area. The 85 square meter site is well-shaded and ventilated, though it is currently mosquito-infested and unused. The proposed design involves installing a modular and flexible structure with movable curtains to accommodate different group sizes and activities. The project aims to provide students with a better learning space while developing the students' skills in leadership, teamwork, and problem-solving.
This document discusses the adaptation of vernacular Malay architecture into the contemporary design of the Telegraph Pole House in Langkawi, Malaysia. It begins by outlining some of the significant features of traditional Malay houses, including their focus on thermal comfort through design strategies like high ceilings, ventilation openings, and natural materials. It then describes the site context and climate of the Telegraph Pole House, noting its location on a small hill surrounded by green fields and traditional villages. The document analyzes how the design of the Telegraph Pole House addresses the local tropical climate through features like its orientation and natural materials. It aims to show how the house successfully adapted elements of vernacular Malay architecture for a modern design.
This document provides details about the fire protection system proposed for an old folks' home building project. It includes an introduction to fire protection systems and definitions of active and passive fire protection. It also describes the components of an active fire protection system including various types of fire detectors, alarm systems, and firefighting systems. The document proposes specific systems for the old folks' home including smoke detectors, fire alarm panels, emergency lights, manual call points, fire extinguishers, and a dry riser system.
- Social loafing depicts individuals putting in less effort when working in a group compared to individually. The student tends to perform better and get better grades on individual assignments versus group projects.
- There are various social psychological perspectives that help explain why students experience stress, such as sociocultural, evolutionary, social cognitive, and social learning perspectives.
- Social cognition concepts like confirmation bias and self-fulfilling prophecies influence our perceptions and expectations of ourselves and others in socially interactive situations.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
different Modes of Insect Plant InteractionArchita Das
different modes of interaction between insects and plants including mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, Pairwise and diffuse coevolution, Plant defenses, how coevolution started
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
16. concrete pavement
existing structure
EPOXY COATED RE-BARS
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COMPACTED SUBGRADE
STRENGTHS:
-low maintenance
-relatively high friction surface prevents slipping
-provides a clean and easy path for visitors to walk on
-durable especially in forests with extreme climates
water resistant
!
!
WEAKNESS:
-surface is very likely to crack as years pass.
-moss growth makes it slippery
17. concrete steps
existing structure
REINFORCED CONCRETE
EPOXY COATED RE-BARS
COMPACTED SUBGRADE
The materials used are similar to concrete
pavement.
!
The measure of the stairs are different.
Stair wide are all similar, about 60cm.
Stair raise range from 20cm to 50cm.
Stair run range from 20cm to 50cm.
WEAKNESSES:
-Some stairs on site were not built according to the standard requirement.
-Some of the raise is too high or stair run is too cramped, making walking
difficult and unsafe.
!
REASON:
-It was built according to the mountain surface, causing it to go against the set
requirement.
18. Wood installed along certain parts of the pathway
acts as a boundary to separate natural and built
landscapes
!
WEAKNESS:
Not able the withstand climate
changes, such as moisture ( grow
moss) and termite attacks.
Some pathways were created based on the position
of rocks in the area. Visitors have to step
through the stones to continue their way.
STRENGTH:
Preservation of natural elements, minimal
destruction of nature
!
WEAKNESS:
Hazardous, not suitable for children and old people
19. metal railings
existing structure
Colour: brown
!
Reason: To blend in with nature. The design
principle of harmony avoids conflict with
colours between it and its surroundings.
20. Railing Measurements
!
The railings can be found along the pavement and stairs when the terrain
is steeper.
!
Connected by hex bold screws.
!
All railings share the same measurement.
Hex
Hex
Bolt
Railing Details
21. Huge space between handles:
-Visitors are able to experience the
texture of the plants.
!
-View of natural environment not
obstructed. Experience of 5 senses
emphasized.
!
!
Material:
Steel
!
Strengths:
Steel lasts longer compared to wood after painted.
Cost-efficient.
Weather resistance, strong and durable.
!
Weaknesses:
Openings too big, not safe for children
Steel rusts if lack maintenance
metal railings
existing structure
22. retaining wall
existing structure
• A short wall that spans along parts of the walkway
that are very steep
• Prevents soil erosion and landslides that could block
the pathway
23. Heights are inconsistent due to steep contour of the site
Slanted by 20-40 degrees inconsistently throughout the whole walkway
Top of the wall carved to
resemble a tree log
retaining wall details
existing structure
24. !
!
!
Material:
concrete
!
material used
existing structure
PROS
!
-Firm and steady structure that will withstand
the test of time
-Suitable for holding loose and wet soil
-Cost efficient
!
!
!
CONS
!
- Easily stained by dirt and
soil
- Plants easily grow through the
cracks that may affect the
structure
25. entranced gazebo
existing structure
It is built after the light house, the hut act as an
‘entrance’ for the journey to the beach below the hill
!
REASON:
The boards in it display information about the birds.
Visitors learn about what they are going to see before
they start walking the trail.
26. entranced gazebo
existing structure
-Equipped with information signboards
about the site
-Pitch shaped roof ease elimination of
rainwater
-Shelters visitors from rain and sunlight
!
!
-In terms of form, it is a common design
!
STRENGTHS:
Allow visitors to be sheltered from
unpleasant climate.
Durable and long-lasting
!
! WEAKNESSES:
Plain and boring design
No seats provided
27. signboards in the gazebo
existing structure
STRENGTHS:
Allow visitors to learn about the site
Reduce the plainness of the gazebo
WEAKNESS:
Lack of maintenance
Information is not updated regularly (no improvements made)
28. 2. Wood
!
• Subjected to corrosion
• Strong supporting structure
• Non-resistant to wet and fire
!
1.Zinc Roof Tile
!
• Highly resistant to corrosion
• Cheap, durable, light
!
3. Concrete column
!
• Function as supporting system
• Durable
• Resistant to corrosion
1
2
3
materiality-gazebo
existing structure
30. gazebo-roofing
existing structure
WOODEN STRUCTURE:
Strong and able to blend with
the surroundings. Connected
together by metal nails
METAL ROOF:
Shelter for visitor while
raining. Save cost and light in
weight, easy to install.
!
STRENGTHS:
Zinc roof resistant to weather
Low maintenance
Metal reflects heat and blocks its from
heating the interior
!
!
!
WEAKNESSES:
Metal nails rust easily
Zinc roof creates noisy sound when hit by rain.
Lack light penetration
Lack maintenance
31. Roof Structure Type
Material
• Timber
!
Structure
• Tri-bearing roof trusses.
!
Strength
• Span much longer distance
• Very stable and strong
• Cheap
!
Weaknesses
• Timber will rot or warp, especially
when exposed in natural environment
• Wood attracts insects invaders such as
termites
• Suffer damage from high winds or
violent weather.
32. columns-gazebo
existing structure
Concrete column painted like wood appearance
!
To synchronize with the surrounding nature
!
Create the beauty rather than a plain grey column
STRENGTH:
As a supporting structure in the same time enhance the
aesthetic of the structure.
WEAKNESS:
Bulky in size but overall acceptable
33. curved benches
existing structure
• Place for people to rest, sit and enjoy nature
!
• Located 3 M from entrance gazebo
!
• Facing the sea, enables visitors to see birds
flying from the sea
34. Curved Bench Measurements
Front Elevation Side elevation
Material: Concrete
• Strong and sturdy
• Low maintenance requirement
• Can easily withstand local weather
conditions
• Can last very long
• Cost efficient
35. Strength
!
Accessible
Placed near a place
where all visitors pass
by, easily spotted
!
Weakness
!
Damaged
Cracks and signs of
vandalism can be
found all over the
bench
Opportunity
!
Potential Hotspot
Structures can be
built here due to
high accessibility
and good view.
!
However, tall trees
blocked the view.
Threat
!
Vandalism Prone
No security to stop
hooligans from
damaging public
property
37. Wooden platform is elevated based
on terrain
The observatory deck serves as a
bird watching platform
The railing is painted yellow in
colour so that it attracts
attention from afar
Birds come from the
direction of the sea into
the forest, making it easier
to spot them
38. !
!
!
!
• It is designed without a
roof, so that visitors
will be able to watch the
birds from any direction
!
• Larger and further field
of vision
!
• A platform is created by
piercing the steel railing
deep into the soil to
strengthen the grip.
!
• Flat surface surrendered to
pathway, pushing the deck
above a slope
!
39. layout of the observatory deck
existing structure
Information
rack
Bench
STRENGTHS:
Square observatory deck maximizes space.
Information rack placed in front,convenient to read.
Bench located at the back to not block the other visitors who are observing the birds.
!
WEAKNESSES:
No rain shelter for visitors
Poor maintenance: Information rack vandalised and abandoned
Rusted steel and softened wood jeopardizes visitor safety
!
42. picnic tables
existing structure
MATERIALS:
Wood, steel, nuts and bolts
!
NUTS AND BOLTS:
Made of medium carbon steel
Balanced ductility
Good wear resistance
But rusts rather quickly
Bolts
Screws
Wooden Panel
STRENGTHS:
Strong timber panels which blends in with nature.
Steel can withstand a huge amount of weight.
!
WEAKNESSES:
Color on panels wear off
the wood panels are not secure due to rusty nuts and bolts
44. materiality-picnic tables
existing structure
Wood
Metal
Concrete
!
!
WOOD
• Cheap and easy to attain.
• Wood protectant protects it
from cracking, warping, or
rotting due to moisture.
• The table-top and bench-top
boards are attached to the
trusses or beams using
screws or nails.
!
!
METAL
• Heavy, durable and
require little
maintenance.
• Stable, strong.
• Painted to avoid
rusting.
!
CONCRETE
• Sets the benches in
place.
45. colour selection
!
REDDISH-BROWN
• Nature and down-to-earth color signifying
stability, structure and support.
• Encourages a strong need for security and a
sense of belonging, with family and friends
being of utmost importance.
• Suits to the surroundings such as colour of
soil and trees. Harmonizes with nature.
YELLOW
• Evokes a warming effect, arouses
cheerfulness
• Strengthens relationship between family and
friends
• Stimulates mental activity and energy (able
to continue journey after an exhausting
hiking).
46. beach gazebo
existing structure
• A structure designed for visitors to rest and
enjoy the view of the beach.
• Most of the structure were made of timber,
which absorbs less heat and blends in with
nature.
48. materials and colors
Bench
(Timber)
Base
(Concrete)
Structure
(Timber)
Deck (Timber)
Roof
(Metal)
Metal (painted blue)
• Able to withstand tough weather conditions.
• Reflects sunlight. (absorbs less heat)
• In correllance with the blue sea
!
Timber (brown)
• Blends in with nature.
• Less heat absorbed.
• Gives a feeling of peacefulness and harmony.
!
!
existing structure
57. 60m
meranti tembaga
( S h o r e a L e p r o s u l a )
Greyish brown bark with shallow V-shaped
fissures
!
Outer Bark
•Dull purplish brown.
•Hard and brittle
!
Inner Bark
Dull yellowish brown
!
Grows on:
⇒Flat topography
⇒Well drained soil
⇒Strongly light demanding
Sapwood
•Pale cream
•Resinous
!
Heartwood
59. meranti seraya
(Shorea Curtisii)
130ft
Giant grey or reddish-brown bark with
course fissures
!
Defined as a floristic tree
!
Tree as a crown appears greyish-green as
stand-out among other trees of forest canopy
!
Grows on:
⇒Low land/Steep land
⇒Elevation 300-800m
⇒Near sea level
61. Arang-arang
(Diospyros spp.)
80ft
Medium hardwood
!
Density: 595-1,055 kg/m3 air dry
!
Natural durability:
•lighter coloured is non durable.
•Darker coloured is durable
!
Texture: fine and even with straight to slightly
interlocked grain
!
Machining property: easy to work with to produce smooth
surface
!
Shrinkage: high, especially in the streaky material.
Radial shrinkage averages 4.7% while tangential shrinkage
averages 8.7%.
!
!
63. Penarahan
(Myristicaceae)
Straight with longitudinal fissures and dappled
bark.
!
Stilt roots enables growth at 100-2100m elevation
!
Large elliptic leaves
!
Grows on sandy soil
!
Durability:
•Adapts to rainy weather
•Non resistant to growth of fungi
•Prone to termite attack
!
Birds feed on its ripen fruits
30m
65. Bintangor
(Calophyllum)
Wood has a streaked, ribboned, or zig-zag grain.
!
Outer sapwood
Yellowish brown
!
!
Sensitive to frost and fire
!
Grows on:
⇒Sandy beaches
⇒Temperature moderated by the proximity of the
sea and by the breezes
!
Uses:
Boats
Furniture
Medicine
Massage oil
!
30m
Inner sapwood
Light reddish
67. Kelat (Syzygium spp.)
Medium hardwood
!
popularly used as an urban landscaping plant due
to its hardiness and adaptability
!
Density: 495-1,010 kg/m3 air dry.
!
Natural durability:
•Moderately durable timber
•Average service life of 3.3 years under natural Malaysian
conditions
!
Texture: moderately fine and even with interlocked,
irregular or wavy grain.
!
Shrinkage: high, with radial shrinkage averaging 1.9% and
tangential shrinkage averaging 3.3%.
!
Uses:
Structural purposes
Ships and boats
Tramways and bridges
30m
69. Karas(aquilaria malaccensis)
Straight and smooth-barked. sometimes fluted or
with thick (10 cm) buttresses up to 2 m high
!
Good smell. Contains high amount of resin
!
Provides agarwood
!
Grows on:
⇒Primary and secondary forests
⇒Grows well on sandy loams developed from
sandstone
!
6-20m
ENDANGERED SPECIES
71. Mangrove tree
(Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera)
Medium height
!
Salt tolerant trees (halophytes) adapted to live
in harsh coastal conditions
!
Adapts to low oxygen
!
Adaptation to limit water loss:
•restrict the opening of their stomata
•vary the orientation of their leaves to avoid the
harsh midday sun
!
Grows in:
Saline coastal sediment habitats
!
4-9m
72. Ashen coloured water
!
Land covered with sand
and rocks in various
sizes
!
Sea snails attached
onto rocks
beach condition analysislandscape
74. P A C I F I C S W I F T
( A p u s p a c i f i c u s )
Can be distinguished through white rump band
and heavily marked under part
!
Breeds in sheltered locations such as caves.
!
Strongly migratory
!
Call: typical swift screams but softer and
less wheezy
!
Status and threats: Not considered at risk.
75. B A R N S W A L L O W
( H i r u n d o R u s t i c a )
Most widespread species of swallow
!
Passerine bird with blue upperparts • a long
forked tail • curved, pointed wings
!
Uses man-made structures to breed
!
Feeds on insects caught in flight
!
Strongly migratory
!
Call: typical swift screams
!
Status and threats: Not considered at risk.
76. C O M M O N S A N D P I P E R
( A c t i t i s h y p o l e u c o s )
18–20 cm long with a 32–35 cm wingspan
!
greyish-brown upperparts, white underparts,
!
breeds across most
of temperate and subtropical Europe and Asia
!
Gather and stop overs at Palau in Micronesia
departs around the last week of april
!
Call: Chirp.
!
Status and threats: Not considered at risk. but
is a vulnerable species in some states of
Australia.
77. B l U E - T H R O A T E D B E E - E A T E R
( M e r o p s v i r i d i s )
Small
!
Contrasting blue throat
!
Long central tail streamer
!
Call: Described as a liquid be-rek,be-
rek; terrip-terrip. Alarm call is a sharp chip.
!
Migration: April-September. Before the arrival
of Blue-tailed Bee-eater
!
Status and threats: Nesting sites affected by
human interuption
78. B l U E - T A I L E D B E E - E A T E R
( M e r o p s p h i l i p p i n u s )
Small
!
green crown and back; yellow and rufous throat;
brown upper breast; underparts apple green.
!
Call: Described as a liquid be-rek, be-rek; or
rillip rillip rillip.
!
found in scrub, mangrove, forest, cultivated
areas and grasslands.
!
Status and threats: Blue-tailed Bee-eaters are
not considered at risk
79. C H I N E S E G O S H A W K
( A c c i p i t e r s o l o e n s i s )
30–36 cm in length
!
Female larger than the male
!
Adult has prominent black wing tips
!
Call: Vocalizes only in breeding season,
especially early on; sharp "keee-keee-keee...".
Generally silent.
!
A bird of wooded areas.
!
Status and threats: Not considered at risk
80. G R A Y F A C E B U Z Z A R D
41-46 cm in length
!
Call: Main call described as a peevish,
whistled "whick-awee" or "pik-wee".
!
Utilize rising air currents to gain altitude
and cover great distances by soaring during
migration
!
Status and threats:Not globally threatened
(Least Concern). Size and trends of populations
very poorly known.
81. B L A C K B A Z A
( A v i c e d a l e u p h o t e s )
Small raptor
!
Often seen in groups
!
Soars high in the air during the migrations.
But usually, it flies low with deep wing-beats
interspersed with short glides on almost flat
wings.
!
Call: Soft quavering, plaintive or whistling
notes. Harsh squaks when in group.
84. Cape Rachado is located in Tanjung Tuan, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
As Malaysia is located near the equator, it allows for the location to receive more sunshine.
Being close to the equator, the sun path or position does not shift much throughout the year.
On the average, Malaysia receives about 6 hours of sunshine per day. However, seasonal variations may influence the amount of
sunshine received.
!
Sun Orientation
Knowing the sun path and orientation of the site is vital to the design of the observation deck in order to control the amount
and direction of sunlight entering the space.
!
!
Sunrise & Sunset
The site receives sunlight at around 7.13 a.m. (annual average).
Most facilities are built in the area
where HIGHER/LOWER light intensity is received, as shown in the diagram below.
99. wind path
climatic studies
Direction :
South East to North West
!
Wind Speed during Site
Visit :
6.7mph -8.8mph
!
Temperature : 25- 31 Celsius
!
Slight wind can be felt at the
start of the trail from Southwest
as a result of Southwest Monsoon
!
Stronger wind can be felt at the
end part of the trail as well as
the beach because of the land
breeze from the sea.
from southwest
northeast to
southwest
100. wind path-southwest monsoon
climatic studies
Period :
April to September
!
Areas Affected :
West Coast of Peninsular
Malaysia
!
Rainfall at site will be
higher than normal time
during monsoon season.
However, the monsoon
wind at site cannot be
felt as the site is
surrounded by trees.
southwest
monsoon
wind
101. wind path-northeast monsoon
climatic studies
northeast
monsoon
wind
Period :
October to March
!
Areas Affected :
East Coast of
Peninsular Malaysia
!
The site is not
affected by this
monsoon wind as it
is surrounded with
trees. Rainfall
normal at site
105. land breeze and sea breeze
climatic studies
land breeze
sea breeze
The wind pattern near the beach is generated by the heat gain,
heat loss, and heat storage variations between land and water.
124. AIM
#1 To look / observe a site which has more positive view and
also look into the contrasting view which is the negative view.
!
!
#2 To look / observe the sites through view framing from every
angle and openings, panoramic view of the best angles and also
view of the approaching site.
127. STRENGTH
• nearest/shortest distance from
standby point
• great view for bird watching
• great panoramic view
• good light penetration
WEAKNESS
• forest reserve view more than sea view
• no proper space to view the area
site 1 -observation deck 1
views+vistas
128.
129. STRENGTH
• very thin trees (only at this area)
• sunset light penetration
• interesting backdrop
• great bird watching view
WEAKNESS
• view covered by the amount of
trees
• quite humid
• steep
site 2 -observation deck 2
views+vistas
130.
131. STRENGTH
• sound of waves can be heard
• more light penetration into this area
• thin trees which does not affect the
view from top
• shady from the sunset sun
WEAKNESS
• steep terrain which has higher
risk for trees to fall
• narrow space
site 3 -observation deck 3
views+vistas
132.
133. STRENGTH
• wide range of sea view (horizon
line)
• view of sunrise
• direct access from forest trail
WEAKNESS
• no view of sunset
• tide increases and covers up half
of the shore in the morning
site 4 -south east beach
views+vistas
134.
135. Site V & VI
- south west beach -
STRENGTH
• wide area
• interesting 180’ view
• breezy
• great sunset view
WEAKNESS
• very rocky area
• 2 tombstones on top of the hill of
the mini peninsular
• high tide covers up the shore
during the night
site 5+6-south west beach
views+vistas
142. birdwatching zoning
activities
4)OBSERVATION DECK 2-
a view of trees ahead
and above.
5)OBSERVATION DECK 3-
a view of trees and
slope.
6)ROCKY CLIFF-
a higher
viewing point
towards the
ocean.
4
5
6
143. migratory birds in cape rachado
activities
Oriental Honey
Buzzard
(from Japan)
Black Baza
(forests of South East
Asia)
Chinese Goshawk
(Southeast China)
Blur-throated Bee
Eater
(Brunei, Cambodia,
China)
145. bird watching events
activities
Yearly event: RWW (Raptor Watch Weekend)
Organised by: MNS (Malaysian Nature Society)
Months: March – early April
Turnout: 20,000 people per day
148. BEFORE OBSERVATION DECK 2
OBSERVATION DECK 3
BACKDOOR BEACH
Skinny, straight trees
Sense of verticality
Spiritual and overpowering
First sounds of sea waves
Cooling sea breeze
Small U-shaped bay
Rocks frame the sea view
149. Panoramic view of the sea
Higher up, isolated
Full sunset view
rocky zone, main beach
activities
221. TOPOGRAPHY
!
• Contours
/ coast
• Degree of
slope
• Water
level
• Soil type
!
ACTIVITY
!
• Purpose of
observation
deck
• Current
activities?
• Introduction
of new concept