Filteration
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Removal of solid particles from a fluid by passing it through a septum on which the solids are deposited
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Filtration smruti ppt
The document defines filtration and clarification processes. It describes the basic components and process of filtration using a filter press. Key points include:
- Filtration separates solids from liquids using a porous medium, while clarification is used for very low solid concentrations below 1.0% w/v.
- A filter press uses alternating plates and frames with a filter medium to separate solids. Slurry enters the frames under pressure and the filtrate exits through outlets on the plates.
- Factors like particle properties, liquid properties, temperature, pressure difference, and filter media properties influence the filtration rate according to equations like Poiseuille's, Darcy's, and Kozeny-Carman
Cartridge filter
Cartridge filters consist of a cylindrical configuration with disposable or changeable filter media, usually made of plastic or metal. The cartridge contains two membrane filters - a prefilter and actual filter - surrounded by a protective layer. Slurry is pumped into the cartridge holder where it passes through the cartridge filter unit via straining. Clear liquid passes through the center and out the outlet, allowing cartridge filters to process large volumes of sterile solutions for pharmaceutical and medical uses.
FILTRATION , FILTRATION PROCESS ,
pharmaceutical chemistry (physical chemistry), pharmaceutical analysis, physical pharmacy ,pharmaceutical engineering , pharmaceutics ,
Filtration,equipments used for filtration,Calrification
This document provides information about clarification and filtration processes. It defines clarification as the separation of solids from liquids when the solids are present in small proportions less than 1%. Filtration is described as the process of separating solids from liquids or gases by passing them through a porous medium. The document then discusses various factors that affect the rate of filtration such as pressure, viscosity, surface area, temperature, particle size, pore size, thickness of filter cake, and nature of solids. It also describes different types of filter media and filtering devices used in the pharmaceutical industry such as filter presses, membrane filters, and sintered filters.
Filtration by ankita yagnik
This document discusses filtration, which is defined as the separation of solids from liquids by passing the mixture through a porous medium. It describes different types of filtration including surface and depth filtration. Key factors that affect the filtration rate are also outlined. Various filter media are discussed, along with theories of filtration like Poiseuille's equation and Darcy's equation. Finally, common industrial filters used in pharmaceutical industries like filter presses and rotary filters are briefly introduced.
UNIT 4 - FILTRATION
This document discusses different types of filtration equipment used in industrial processes. It describes the plate and frame filter press, which consists of alternating plates and frames that allow slurry to pass through a filter medium and collect filtrate. It also describes the metafilter or edge filter, which uses stacked metal rings to form channels for filtration. Finally, it discusses the filter leaf, which uses a framed filter cloth to filter slurry by applying a vacuum.
Centrifugation by ankita yagnik
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate particles in suspension based on density differences. It works by spinning the suspension at high speeds, causing heavier particles to settle faster than lighter ones. There are several types of centrifuges that can be used including filtration, sedimentation, and continuous centrifuges. Filtration centrifuges separate particles through a perforated basket, sedimentation centrifuges separate in a solid walled vessel, and continuous centrifuges allow for high throughput separation. Key factors that affect centrifugation include liquid properties, particle characteristics, operating parameters, and centrifuge design features.
Theory and factors affecting filtration,discuss different types of filters us...
This document discusses different types of filters used in pharmaceutical processes. It begins by introducing filtration and the factors that affect filtration rates. It then explains several filtration theories and mechanisms. The document discusses various filtering media and factors that influence media selection. Finally, it describes several common filter types used in pharmaceuticals, including bag filters, cartridge filters, air filters, HEPA filters, gas filters, and strainers.
Recommended
Filtration smruti ppt
The document defines filtration and clarification processes. It describes the basic components and process of filtration using a filter press. Key points include:
- Filtration separates solids from liquids using a porous medium, while clarification is used for very low solid concentrations below 1.0% w/v.
- A filter press uses alternating plates and frames with a filter medium to separate solids. Slurry enters the frames under pressure and the filtrate exits through outlets on the plates.
- Factors like particle properties, liquid properties, temperature, pressure difference, and filter media properties influence the filtration rate according to equations like Poiseuille's, Darcy's, and Kozeny-Carman
Cartridge filter
Cartridge filters consist of a cylindrical configuration with disposable or changeable filter media, usually made of plastic or metal. The cartridge contains two membrane filters - a prefilter and actual filter - surrounded by a protective layer. Slurry is pumped into the cartridge holder where it passes through the cartridge filter unit via straining. Clear liquid passes through the center and out the outlet, allowing cartridge filters to process large volumes of sterile solutions for pharmaceutical and medical uses.
FILTRATION , FILTRATION PROCESS ,
pharmaceutical chemistry (physical chemistry), pharmaceutical analysis, physical pharmacy ,pharmaceutical engineering , pharmaceutics ,
Filtration,equipments used for filtration,Calrification
This document provides information about clarification and filtration processes. It defines clarification as the separation of solids from liquids when the solids are present in small proportions less than 1%. Filtration is described as the process of separating solids from liquids or gases by passing them through a porous medium. The document then discusses various factors that affect the rate of filtration such as pressure, viscosity, surface area, temperature, particle size, pore size, thickness of filter cake, and nature of solids. It also describes different types of filter media and filtering devices used in the pharmaceutical industry such as filter presses, membrane filters, and sintered filters.
Filtration by ankita yagnik
This document discusses filtration, which is defined as the separation of solids from liquids by passing the mixture through a porous medium. It describes different types of filtration including surface and depth filtration. Key factors that affect the filtration rate are also outlined. Various filter media are discussed, along with theories of filtration like Poiseuille's equation and Darcy's equation. Finally, common industrial filters used in pharmaceutical industries like filter presses and rotary filters are briefly introduced.
UNIT 4 - FILTRATION
This document discusses different types of filtration equipment used in industrial processes. It describes the plate and frame filter press, which consists of alternating plates and frames that allow slurry to pass through a filter medium and collect filtrate. It also describes the metafilter or edge filter, which uses stacked metal rings to form channels for filtration. Finally, it discusses the filter leaf, which uses a framed filter cloth to filter slurry by applying a vacuum.
Centrifugation by ankita yagnik
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate particles in suspension based on density differences. It works by spinning the suspension at high speeds, causing heavier particles to settle faster than lighter ones. There are several types of centrifuges that can be used including filtration, sedimentation, and continuous centrifuges. Filtration centrifuges separate particles through a perforated basket, sedimentation centrifuges separate in a solid walled vessel, and continuous centrifuges allow for high throughput separation. Key factors that affect centrifugation include liquid properties, particle characteristics, operating parameters, and centrifuge design features.
Theory and factors affecting filtration,discuss different types of filters us...
This document discusses different types of filters used in pharmaceutical processes. It begins by introducing filtration and the factors that affect filtration rates. It then explains several filtration theories and mechanisms. The document discusses various filtering media and factors that influence media selection. Finally, it describes several common filter types used in pharmaceuticals, including bag filters, cartridge filters, air filters, HEPA filters, gas filters, and strainers.
Filtration
Filtration is a physical, biological or chemical operation that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture with a filter medium that has a complex structure through which only the fluid can pass
Filtrtion
The document discusses various filtration methods and terms used in filtration. It describes different types of filtration processes like clarification, ultrafiltration, and cake filtration. It also discusses factors affecting filtration rate and various filter media used including filter paper, woven materials, membranes, and sintered glass. Different types of filters are also summarized like gravity filters, vacuum filters, pressure filters, and centrifugal filters. Rotary vacuum filters and pressure filters are described in more detail.
Filtration
Filtration is a process that separates solids from liquids or gases using a porous medium. As the suspension passes through the medium, solids are retained while the liquid or gas passes through. Key factors that affect the filtration rate include properties of the fluid and solids, concentration of solids, filter area, and resistance of the filter medium and cake buildup. The two main types of liquid filtration are cake filtration, where particles build up on the surface of the medium, and deep bed filtration, where particles penetrate the medium pores to remove fine particles from dilute suspensions. Proper filter selection depends on required filtrate quality, throughput, and operating costs. Common industrial filters include bag, plate and frame, pressure leaf,
Filtration
Filtration maybe defined as a nonthermal mechanical process in which undissolved particulates or suspended solid particles are separated from a solid liquid mixture by passing through a porous fibrous or granular permeable known as Filtration.
Filtration and filters maybe classified in a number of ways
By driving Force
By Function
By filtration Mechanism
By operating Cycle
By nature of Solid
Filtration, Drum filter
The document discusses a drum filter, which is a surface filtration device used to filter slurries. It consists of a horizontally mounted, perforated metal cylinder that is 3 meters in diameter and 3.5 meters long, providing 20 square meters of surface area. As the drum rotates, slurry is deposited on the perforated surface and a vacuum pulls liquid through the filter cloth, leaving a solid cake that is continuously removed. Drum filters can filter concentrated slurries continuously at low labor cost due to their large surface area and ability to control cake thickness by varying rotation speed.
Filtration rr
Filtration is the process of separating solids from liquids by passing them through a porous medium that retains the solids but allows the liquid to pass through. There are several types of filtration equipment that operate using different mechanisms and forces like pressure, vacuum, and centrifugal force. The plate and frame filter press is a common pressure filter that operates in batches. It consists of filter plates and frames arranged alternately to form channels for slurry inlet and filtrate outlet. The slurry is filtered from the frames forming a filter cake that can also be washed during the process.
Factors affecting filtration
The key factors affecting the filtration process include:
1) Properties of the liquid and solid particles such as density, viscosity, size, shape, and charge, as well as temperature.
2) Characteristics of the filter medium like surface area - higher surface area increases filtration rate.
3) Pressure differential across the filter which can be increased through gravity, applied pressure up to 1500 kPa, reducing pressure below atmospheric, or centrifugal force.
size seperation
This document discusses various methods for size separation of powders, including sieving, cyclone separation, air separation, and elutriation. It provides details on the standards for different powder sizes according to the Indian Pharmacopoeia and describes the construction and working of common separation devices like sieves, cyclones, and air separators. The key methods covered are sieving, where powders are separated based on particle size by passing through a set of sieves, and elutriation, where separation occurs as particles of different densities settle at different rates in a moving fluid.
Tangential Flow Filtration - PPT.pptx
Tangential flow filtration (TFF) is a type of filtration where feed flows parallel to the filter membrane rather than perpendicular. It can be used to purify components by size, concentrate solutions by reducing volume, and perform buffer exchange or diafiltration. Some applications of TFF include separating biomolecules, purifying plasmid DNA, harvesting cells, reducing bioburden in solutions, and recovering viruses. It uses various filters based on pore size for different separations.
Filtration and clarification
The document discusses filtration and clarification processes. It defines filtration as separating solids from fluid using a porous medium, while clarification refers to separating solids present at low concentrations (below 1.0% w/v) from liquid. The mechanisms of filtration include straining, impingement, entanglement, and attractive forces. Factors that influence filtration rates include properties of the liquid, solids, filter medium, temperature, and operating pressure. Common filter media include rigid media, flexible media, and filter aids. Filtration finds applications in pharmaceutical, chemical, and wastewater treatment industries.
Filtration
The document discusses various aspects of filtration including definitions, applications, factors affecting filtration, theories of filtration such as Darcy's law and Kozeny-Carman equation. It also describes different types of filtration equipment used in the pharmaceutical industry such as filter presses, membrane filters, filter candles and sintered filters. Continuous filters are also discussed which involve continual washing of filter media.
Powder flow testing and control
This document discusses powder flow properties which are important for pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. It defines different types of powder flow and factors that affect flow properties, such as particle size and moisture content. Several methods for measuring flow properties are described, including angle of repose, Carr's index, and shear cell testing. Maintaining consistent powder flow is crucial for uniformity in tablet and capsule production. Proper control and understanding of flow properties can improve process efficiency and product quality.
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Drying
Drying is defined as the removal of water or other liquids from a material through the application of heat. It involves three steps: heat transfer to the material, mass transfer of moisture to the surface and evaporation, and transfer of vapor away from the material. There are several theories that describe the drying mechanism, including diffusion, capillarity, and pressure gradient theories. The drying rate curve shows an initial adjustment period, constant rate period, falling rate periods, and an equilibrium moisture content where drying stops. Factors like material properties, air conditions, and particle size influence the drying process and rate.
Filter leaf
The document summarizes the filter leaf, which is an apparatus used for surface filtration. It consists of a frame enclosing a drainage screen or grooved plate covered with a filter cloth. Vacuum is applied to increase the filtration rate. Filter leaves are versatile, provide a simple form of batch filtration, and can be connected in parallel to increase surface area. They are used to filter dilute suspensions around 5% solid content. Advantages include simplicity, moderate labor costs, and high washing efficiency.
FILTRATION-Plate and frame filter press
The document describes the plate and frame filter press. It has the following key points:
1. It uses surface filtration where slurry enters the frame under pressure and flows through the filter medium, with filtrate collected on the plates.
2. It is made of plates and frames, usually of aluminum alloy, with studded or grooved plates to support the filter cloth.
3. Multiple plates and frames are arranged in parallel to increase filtration rate, with inlet and outlet channels connecting the plates and frames.
4. It operates in two steps - filtration where cake is formed, and washing using additional wash plates and channels to efficiently wash the entire cake surface.
Filtration
Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases by passing them through a porous medium. The main objectives of filtration are to produce clean drinking water, effluent, air, and prevent furnace fouling. Key types of filters are cake filters, clarifying filters, and cross-flow filters. Cake filters separate large amounts of solids, clarifying filters remove small amounts of solids, and cross-flow filters use high liquid velocity to prevent solids buildup. Selection factors for filters include slurry properties, throughput needs, and whether the solid or liquid product is more valuable. Common filtration equipment includes rotary drum filters, plate and frame presses, and bag filters.
Size reduction by ankita yagnik
This document discusses size reduction, which is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles of a desired size and shape using external forces. It defines size reduction and comminution, and lists the objectives of size reduction such as increasing surface area and achieving intimate mixing. The document describes various size reduction mechanisms, factors affecting size reduction, and theories related to the energy required. It provides details on different size reduction equipment like hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills.
Evaporation by ankita yagnik
The document discusses evaporation, which is the process where molecules in a liquid spontaneously become a gas. Evaporation is used to concentrate solutions by removing vapor from a boiling liquid. Common examples include concentrating sugar and salt solutions. Evaporation occurs below the boiling point and only from the liquid surface, while distillation occurs at the boiling point and from the entire liquid mass. Multiple effect evaporators improve efficiency by using vapor from one vessel to heat the next at a lower pressure.
Filteration and clarification
This presentation concisely describes the filtration equipments commonly used in pharmaceutical industries.
Mechanical unit operations 19_09.pptx
This document discusses filtration and cake filtration principles. It begins by defining filtration and the mechanisms involved. It describes cake filters and how a filter cake forms on the filter medium. The key principles of cake filtration are that resistance increases over time as the cake builds up, requiring either decreasing flow rate or increasing pressure drop to maintain flow. The pressure drop comes from both the filter medium and the cake. Parameters like flow rate, pressure drop, and cake thickness are important to cake filtration.
FILTRATION, THEORY OF FILTRATION, APPLICATION OF FILTRATION ,CLARIFICATION
THE FILTRATION IS SEPARATION TECHNIQUE OF SOLID IN LIQUID OR LIQUID CLEARIFICATION, ALSO INCLUDES THE THEORIES OF FILTRATION AND APPLICATIONS TOO
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Filtration
Filtration is a physical, biological or chemical operation that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture with a filter medium that has a complex structure through which only the fluid can pass
Filtrtion
The document discusses various filtration methods and terms used in filtration. It describes different types of filtration processes like clarification, ultrafiltration, and cake filtration. It also discusses factors affecting filtration rate and various filter media used including filter paper, woven materials, membranes, and sintered glass. Different types of filters are also summarized like gravity filters, vacuum filters, pressure filters, and centrifugal filters. Rotary vacuum filters and pressure filters are described in more detail.
Filtration
Filtration is a process that separates solids from liquids or gases using a porous medium. As the suspension passes through the medium, solids are retained while the liquid or gas passes through. Key factors that affect the filtration rate include properties of the fluid and solids, concentration of solids, filter area, and resistance of the filter medium and cake buildup. The two main types of liquid filtration are cake filtration, where particles build up on the surface of the medium, and deep bed filtration, where particles penetrate the medium pores to remove fine particles from dilute suspensions. Proper filter selection depends on required filtrate quality, throughput, and operating costs. Common industrial filters include bag, plate and frame, pressure leaf,
Filtration
Filtration maybe defined as a nonthermal mechanical process in which undissolved particulates or suspended solid particles are separated from a solid liquid mixture by passing through a porous fibrous or granular permeable known as Filtration.
Filtration and filters maybe classified in a number of ways
By driving Force
By Function
By filtration Mechanism
By operating Cycle
By nature of Solid
Filtration, Drum filter
The document discusses a drum filter, which is a surface filtration device used to filter slurries. It consists of a horizontally mounted, perforated metal cylinder that is 3 meters in diameter and 3.5 meters long, providing 20 square meters of surface area. As the drum rotates, slurry is deposited on the perforated surface and a vacuum pulls liquid through the filter cloth, leaving a solid cake that is continuously removed. Drum filters can filter concentrated slurries continuously at low labor cost due to their large surface area and ability to control cake thickness by varying rotation speed.
Filtration rr
Filtration is the process of separating solids from liquids by passing them through a porous medium that retains the solids but allows the liquid to pass through. There are several types of filtration equipment that operate using different mechanisms and forces like pressure, vacuum, and centrifugal force. The plate and frame filter press is a common pressure filter that operates in batches. It consists of filter plates and frames arranged alternately to form channels for slurry inlet and filtrate outlet. The slurry is filtered from the frames forming a filter cake that can also be washed during the process.
Factors affecting filtration
The key factors affecting the filtration process include:
1) Properties of the liquid and solid particles such as density, viscosity, size, shape, and charge, as well as temperature.
2) Characteristics of the filter medium like surface area - higher surface area increases filtration rate.
3) Pressure differential across the filter which can be increased through gravity, applied pressure up to 1500 kPa, reducing pressure below atmospheric, or centrifugal force.
size seperation
This document discusses various methods for size separation of powders, including sieving, cyclone separation, air separation, and elutriation. It provides details on the standards for different powder sizes according to the Indian Pharmacopoeia and describes the construction and working of common separation devices like sieves, cyclones, and air separators. The key methods covered are sieving, where powders are separated based on particle size by passing through a set of sieves, and elutriation, where separation occurs as particles of different densities settle at different rates in a moving fluid.
Tangential Flow Filtration - PPT.pptx
Tangential flow filtration (TFF) is a type of filtration where feed flows parallel to the filter membrane rather than perpendicular. It can be used to purify components by size, concentrate solutions by reducing volume, and perform buffer exchange or diafiltration. Some applications of TFF include separating biomolecules, purifying plasmid DNA, harvesting cells, reducing bioburden in solutions, and recovering viruses. It uses various filters based on pore size for different separations.
Filtration and clarification
The document discusses filtration and clarification processes. It defines filtration as separating solids from fluid using a porous medium, while clarification refers to separating solids present at low concentrations (below 1.0% w/v) from liquid. The mechanisms of filtration include straining, impingement, entanglement, and attractive forces. Factors that influence filtration rates include properties of the liquid, solids, filter medium, temperature, and operating pressure. Common filter media include rigid media, flexible media, and filter aids. Filtration finds applications in pharmaceutical, chemical, and wastewater treatment industries.
Filtration
The document discusses various aspects of filtration including definitions, applications, factors affecting filtration, theories of filtration such as Darcy's law and Kozeny-Carman equation. It also describes different types of filtration equipment used in the pharmaceutical industry such as filter presses, membrane filters, filter candles and sintered filters. Continuous filters are also discussed which involve continual washing of filter media.
Powder flow testing and control
This document discusses powder flow properties which are important for pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. It defines different types of powder flow and factors that affect flow properties, such as particle size and moisture content. Several methods for measuring flow properties are described, including angle of repose, Carr's index, and shear cell testing. Maintaining consistent powder flow is crucial for uniformity in tablet and capsule production. Proper control and understanding of flow properties can improve process efficiency and product quality.
Drying by Ankita Yagnik
All about pharmaceutical drying.
Drying presentation for 2nd semester and 4th semester students as per GTU syllabus.
Drying
Drying is defined as the removal of water or other liquids from a material through the application of heat. It involves three steps: heat transfer to the material, mass transfer of moisture to the surface and evaporation, and transfer of vapor away from the material. There are several theories that describe the drying mechanism, including diffusion, capillarity, and pressure gradient theories. The drying rate curve shows an initial adjustment period, constant rate period, falling rate periods, and an equilibrium moisture content where drying stops. Factors like material properties, air conditions, and particle size influence the drying process and rate.
Filter leaf
The document summarizes the filter leaf, which is an apparatus used for surface filtration. It consists of a frame enclosing a drainage screen or grooved plate covered with a filter cloth. Vacuum is applied to increase the filtration rate. Filter leaves are versatile, provide a simple form of batch filtration, and can be connected in parallel to increase surface area. They are used to filter dilute suspensions around 5% solid content. Advantages include simplicity, moderate labor costs, and high washing efficiency.
FILTRATION-Plate and frame filter press
The document describes the plate and frame filter press. It has the following key points:
1. It uses surface filtration where slurry enters the frame under pressure and flows through the filter medium, with filtrate collected on the plates.
2. It is made of plates and frames, usually of aluminum alloy, with studded or grooved plates to support the filter cloth.
3. Multiple plates and frames are arranged in parallel to increase filtration rate, with inlet and outlet channels connecting the plates and frames.
4. It operates in two steps - filtration where cake is formed, and washing using additional wash plates and channels to efficiently wash the entire cake surface.
Filtration
Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases by passing them through a porous medium. The main objectives of filtration are to produce clean drinking water, effluent, air, and prevent furnace fouling. Key types of filters are cake filters, clarifying filters, and cross-flow filters. Cake filters separate large amounts of solids, clarifying filters remove small amounts of solids, and cross-flow filters use high liquid velocity to prevent solids buildup. Selection factors for filters include slurry properties, throughput needs, and whether the solid or liquid product is more valuable. Common filtration equipment includes rotary drum filters, plate and frame presses, and bag filters.
Size reduction by ankita yagnik
This document discusses size reduction, which is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles of a desired size and shape using external forces. It defines size reduction and comminution, and lists the objectives of size reduction such as increasing surface area and achieving intimate mixing. The document describes various size reduction mechanisms, factors affecting size reduction, and theories related to the energy required. It provides details on different size reduction equipment like hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills.
Evaporation by ankita yagnik
The document discusses evaporation, which is the process where molecules in a liquid spontaneously become a gas. Evaporation is used to concentrate solutions by removing vapor from a boiling liquid. Common examples include concentrating sugar and salt solutions. Evaporation occurs below the boiling point and only from the liquid surface, while distillation occurs at the boiling point and from the entire liquid mass. Multiple effect evaporators improve efficiency by using vapor from one vessel to heat the next at a lower pressure.
Filteration and clarification
This presentation concisely describes the filtration equipments commonly used in pharmaceutical industries.
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Filtration.pptx
Definition
Mechanism of Filtration
Types of Filtration
Theories of Filtration
Factors influencing filtration
Classification of Filtration
Filtration
Filtration is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of products like solids from fluids by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass.
Filtrasi.ppt
Filtrasi is a separation method used to separate solid particles suspended in a fluid by passing the fluid through a porous medium that retains the solid particles. During filtration, the solid particles accumulate on the filter medium forming a filter cake that increases in thickness and resistance over time. There are different types of filtration equipment that operate using different principles like pressure, vacuum, or gravity depending on the application and amount of material being filtered. Common applications of filtration include separating brewed coffee from grounds using a paper filter, removing dust and particles from air using HEPA filters, and purifying water and sewage at municipal treatment plants.
Filtration
The studies influence techniques of filtration, its various types, and theories involved in the rate of filtration. This topic useful for physical pharmacy students and other concerned with filtration.
ceutics
* Final volume = 400 mL * 50 = 20,000 mL = 20 L
* Final mass of CuSO4 = 0.1% of 20 L = 20 g
* Stock solution volume = 400 mL
* Stock solution mass of CuSO4 = x g
* Stock solution concentration = x/400 g/L
* Dilution ratio = 50
* Using dilution equation:
Initial concentration = Final concentration × Dilution factor
* x/400 g/L = 0.1% × 50
* x/400 = 0.005
* x = 0.005 × 400 = 0.2 g
The amount of copper sulphate required is 0.2 g. The answer is A.
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This document discusses different types of filtration processes including pressure filtration, vacuum filtration, centrifugal filtration, and rotary vacuum filtration. It provides details on the theory behind filtration rate equations like Poiseuille's equation and Darcy's equation. Pressure filtration can be done by applying constant pressure or varying the pressure over time. Vacuum filtration uses a pressure differential to increase filtration rate. Centrifugal filtration uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density differences. Rotary vacuum filtration forms a filter cake on a rotating drum under vacuum.
Filtration in Textile
This presentation discusses textile filtration. It defines filtration as separating particles from a dispersing fluid using porous media. Various types of textile filters are described, including flat, deep, pleated, pocket, cartridge, drum, and bag filters. Key variables that impact filtration like filter material properties, particle characteristics, and process parameters are outlined. The principles of filtration such as interception and diffusion are also summarized. Applications of textile filtration in areas like vacuums, medicine, power plants, and water treatment are highlighted. Common fibers used in filtration media include natural, artificial, and synthetic options.
mechanical_separations.pptx
Mechanical separations methods include sieves or membranes that retain one component while allowing another to pass. Screening separates particles based on size alone using screens with different sized openings. The efficiency and capacity of a screen involves balancing how well it separates materials versus the mass it can process. Filtration separates solids from liquids by passing a suspension through a permeable filter medium, with different mechanisms including surface filtration that forms a filter cake and depth filtration within the filter medium.
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Paper Making Process by Nirjhar
Dear Readers,
The presentation may be helpful for those who wants to know the basic concept of paper making process.
Please post your valuable comments improve the quality of presentation.
Regards,
Nirjhar.
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This document discusses filtration and provides details on various types of filtration processes. It defines filtration as the separation of solids from liquids by passing a suspension through a permeable medium. There are two main types of filtration: surface filtration where solids are deposited in a cake on the filter medium surface, and depth filtration where particle deposition occurs inside the filter medium. The rate of filtration depends on the driving force, which is the pressure differential, and the resistance to flow from factors like the filter cake, filter medium properties, and fluid viscosity.
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Unit operations Filtration
Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids by passing the mixture through a porous medium that retains the solids. There are several mechanisms and theories that describe how filtration works, including straining, impingement, and Poiseuille's equation which relates flow rate to pressure difference, resistance, and other factors. Common types of filtration include surface filtration and depth filtration. Key filtration equipment includes plate and frame filters, filter leaves, and cartridge filters, which separate solids using pressure or vacuum and provide advantages like large processing areas and efficient washing.
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Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Call For Paper -3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advan...
* Registration is currently open *
Call for Research Papers!!!
Free – Extended Paper will be published as free of cost.
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024)
July 13 ~ 14, 2024, Virtual Conference
Webpage URL: https://aiad2024.org/index
Submission Deadline: June 22, 2024
Submission System URL:
https://aiad2024.org/submission/index.php
Contact Us:
Here's where you can reach us : aiad@aiad2024.org (or) aiadconference@yahoo.com
WikiCFP URL: http://wikicfp.com/cfp/servlet/event.showcfp?eventid=180509©ownerid=171656
#artificialintelligence #softcomputing #machinelearning #technology #datascience #python #deeplearning #tech #robotics #innovation #bigdata #coding #iot #computerscience #data #dataanalytics #engineering #robot #datascientist #software #automation #analytics #ml #pythonprogramming #programmer #digitaltransformation #developer #promptengineering #generativeai #genai #chatgpt #artificial #intelligence #datamining #networkscommunications #robotics #callforsubmission #submissionsopen #deadline #opencall #virtual #conference
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
Slides for the 4th Presentation on LLM Fine-Tuning with QLoRA Presented by Anant, featuring DataStax Astra
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...Paris Salesforce Developer Group
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
CalArts毕业证学历书【微信95270640】CalArts毕业证’圣力嘉学院毕业证《Q微信95270640》办理CalArts毕业证√文凭学历制作{CalArts文凭}购买学历学位证书本科硕士,CalArts毕业证学历学位证【实体公司】办毕业证、成绩单、学历认证、学位证、文凭认证、办留信网认证、（网上可查，实体公司，专业可靠）
(诚招代理)办理国外高校毕业证成绩单文凭学位证,真实使馆公证（留学回国人员证明）真实留信网认证国外学历学位认证雅思代考国外学校代申请名校保录开请假条改GPA改成绩ID卡
1.高仿业务:【本科硕士】毕业证,成绩单（GPA修改）,学历认证（教育部认证）,大学Offer,,ID,留信认证,使馆认证,雅思,语言证书等高仿类证书；
2.认证服务: 学历认证（教育部认证）,大使馆认证（回国人员证明）,留信认证（可查有编号证书）,大学保录取,雅思保分成绩单。
3.技术服务：钢印水印烫金激光防伪凹凸版设计印刷激凸温感光标底纹镭射速度快。
办理加利福尼亚艺术学院加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证文凭证书流程：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
-办理真实使馆公证（即留学回国人员证明）
-办理各国各大学文凭（世界名校一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度）
-全套服务：毕业证成绩单真实使馆公证真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足！
（详情请加一下 文凭顾问+微信:95270640）欢迎咨询！子小伍玩小伍比山娃小一岁虎头虎脑的很霸气父亲让山娃跟小伍去夏令营听课山娃很高兴夏令营就设在附近一所小学山娃发现那所小学比自己的学校更大更美操场上还铺有塑胶跑道呢里面很多小朋友一班一班的快快乐乐原来城里娃都藏这儿来了怪不得平时见不到他们山娃恍然大悟起来吹拉弹唱琴棋书画山娃都不懂却什么都想学山娃怨自己太笨什么都不会斟酌再三山娃终于选定了学美术当听说每月要交元时父亲犹豫了山娃也说爸算了吧咱学校一学期才转
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdf
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptx
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surface
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Mechatronics material . Mechanical engineering
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that refers to the skill sets needed in the contemporary, advanced automated manufacturing industry. At the intersection of mechanics, electronics, and computing, mechatronics specialists create simpler, smarter systems. Mechatronics is an essential foundation for the expected growth in automation and manufacturing.
Mechatronics deals with robotics, control systems, and electro-mechanical systems.
一比一原版(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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Filteration
- 1. Filtration By Jibran Ghumro D-16-CH-38 Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering & Technology Karachi
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