Filter media (1)
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•766 views
Filtration separates solids from fluids by passing the fluid through a filter medium. The surface that solids deposit on during filtration is called the filter medium. An ideal filter medium can deliver a clear filtrate at a suitable rate, filter even negligible amounts, be inert, and not absorb dissolved materials. For sterile filtration, the pore size must not exceed the dimensions of bacteria or spores. The rate of filtration is inversely proportional to the specific surface area of the filter bed and directly proportional to the surface area of the filter medium.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Drying by Ankita Yagnik
All about pharmaceutical drying.
Drying presentation for 2nd semester and 4th semester students as per GTU syllabus.
Size reduction
Size reduction is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles using external forces. The key mechanisms of size reduction are cutting, compression, impact, attrition, and a combination of impact and attrition. Different types of mills use these mechanisms, including hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills. Factors like hardness, toughness, stickiness, softening temperature, and moisture content affect how easily a material can undergo size reduction. Laws of Rittinger, Kick, and Bond govern the energy requirements for size reduction.
CLIMBING FILM EVAPORATOR.pptx
The climbing film evaporator uses long, narrow steam-jacketed tubes to heat and evaporate liquid. As the preheated liquid rises through the tubes, bubbles form and coalesce into larger bubbles that trap liquid and rise as well. This forms a liquid film on the tube walls that rapidly vaporizes. The mixture of vapor and entrained liquid is then separated by an entrainment separator at the top, with vapor exiting and concentrated liquid collected below. Climbing film evaporators are well-suited for heat-sensitive and foaming liquids due to their short contact time and ability to break foam. However, they are also expensive to construct and maintain.
Size separation
Size separation, also known as screening or sieving, involves separating particles into two or more portions based on differences in particle size, shape, and density. This is done using screening surfaces with meshes of different sizes. Common methods of size separation include sieving using oscillation, vibration, gyration, brushing, or centrifugal force to separate particles. Size separation is useful for obtaining specific particle size ranges for applications like tablet and capsule production.
Drying- Pharmaceutical Engineering
Definition of drying
Importance of drying
Difference between drying and evaporation
Drying is defined as removal of the liquid from a material by application of heat & is accomplished by transfer of a liquid from the surface into an unsaturated vapor phase .
Drying is the final removal of water from material (usually by heat)
Drying is commonly the last stage in a manufacture process
Non-thermal drying
1- As Squeezing wetted sponge
2- Adsorption by desiccant (desiccation)
3- Extraction.
Preservation of drug products
Preparation of bulk drugs
Improved handling
Improved characteristics
Equipments
Drying is necessary in order to avoid deterioration. A few examples are…
--blood products, tissues… undergo microbial growth
--effervescent tablets, synthetic & semi synthetic drugs undergo…. chemical decomposition.
FREEZE DRYER (1).pptx
Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization, uses sublimation to preserve the biological activity of thermolabile materials by removing water at low temperatures under vacuum. The process involves pre-freezing the product, primary drying where ice is sublimated under vacuum, secondary drying to remove residual moisture, and packing under inert gas. Freeze drying results in a dry, porous product that can be stored without refrigeration and reconstituted without loss of quality or activity. It is useful for drying heat-sensitive compounds and materials that require aseptic processing or long shelf life.
Size separation
This document discusses various methods for size separation of powders, as outlined in the Indian Pharmacopoeia. It describes 5 grades of powder sizes defined by the IP based on their ability to pass through various mesh sieves. Common separation techniques include sieving, cyclone separation, air separation, and elutriation. Sieving involves using a set of sieves arranged from largest to smallest mesh size to separate powder fractions. Cyclone and air separators use centrifugal forces to separate solids from gases. Elutriation separates powders based on particle density differences in a moving fluid.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Flow of fluids
types of manometers, Reynolds number, Bernoulli's theorem, energy losses, orifice meter, venturimeter, pitot tube, rotometer
Recommended
Drying by Ankita Yagnik
All about pharmaceutical drying.
Drying presentation for 2nd semester and 4th semester students as per GTU syllabus.
Size reduction
Size reduction is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles using external forces. The key mechanisms of size reduction are cutting, compression, impact, attrition, and a combination of impact and attrition. Different types of mills use these mechanisms, including hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills. Factors like hardness, toughness, stickiness, softening temperature, and moisture content affect how easily a material can undergo size reduction. Laws of Rittinger, Kick, and Bond govern the energy requirements for size reduction.
CLIMBING FILM EVAPORATOR.pptx
The climbing film evaporator uses long, narrow steam-jacketed tubes to heat and evaporate liquid. As the preheated liquid rises through the tubes, bubbles form and coalesce into larger bubbles that trap liquid and rise as well. This forms a liquid film on the tube walls that rapidly vaporizes. The mixture of vapor and entrained liquid is then separated by an entrainment separator at the top, with vapor exiting and concentrated liquid collected below. Climbing film evaporators are well-suited for heat-sensitive and foaming liquids due to their short contact time and ability to break foam. However, they are also expensive to construct and maintain.
Size separation
Size separation, also known as screening or sieving, involves separating particles into two or more portions based on differences in particle size, shape, and density. This is done using screening surfaces with meshes of different sizes. Common methods of size separation include sieving using oscillation, vibration, gyration, brushing, or centrifugal force to separate particles. Size separation is useful for obtaining specific particle size ranges for applications like tablet and capsule production.
Drying- Pharmaceutical Engineering
Definition of drying
Importance of drying
Difference between drying and evaporation
Drying is defined as removal of the liquid from a material by application of heat & is accomplished by transfer of a liquid from the surface into an unsaturated vapor phase .
Drying is the final removal of water from material (usually by heat)
Drying is commonly the last stage in a manufacture process
Non-thermal drying
1- As Squeezing wetted sponge
2- Adsorption by desiccant (desiccation)
3- Extraction.
Preservation of drug products
Preparation of bulk drugs
Improved handling
Improved characteristics
Equipments
Drying is necessary in order to avoid deterioration. A few examples are…
--blood products, tissues… undergo microbial growth
--effervescent tablets, synthetic & semi synthetic drugs undergo…. chemical decomposition.
FREEZE DRYER (1).pptx
Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization, uses sublimation to preserve the biological activity of thermolabile materials by removing water at low temperatures under vacuum. The process involves pre-freezing the product, primary drying where ice is sublimated under vacuum, secondary drying to remove residual moisture, and packing under inert gas. Freeze drying results in a dry, porous product that can be stored without refrigeration and reconstituted without loss of quality or activity. It is useful for drying heat-sensitive compounds and materials that require aseptic processing or long shelf life.
Size separation
This document discusses various methods for size separation of powders, as outlined in the Indian Pharmacopoeia. It describes 5 grades of powder sizes defined by the IP based on their ability to pass through various mesh sieves. Common separation techniques include sieving, cyclone separation, air separation, and elutriation. Sieving involves using a set of sieves arranged from largest to smallest mesh size to separate powder fractions. Cyclone and air separators use centrifugal forces to separate solids from gases. Elutriation separates powders based on particle density differences in a moving fluid.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Flow of fluids
types of manometers, Reynolds number, Bernoulli's theorem, energy losses, orifice meter, venturimeter, pitot tube, rotometer
Drying
Drying is defined as the removal of water or other liquids from a material through the application of heat. It involves three steps: heat transfer to the material, mass transfer of moisture to the surface and evaporation, and transfer of vapor away from the material. There are several theories that describe the drying mechanism, including diffusion, capillarity, and pressure gradient theories. The drying rate curve shows an initial adjustment period, constant rate period, falling rate periods, and an equilibrium moisture content where drying stops. Factors like material properties, air conditions, and particle size influence the drying process and rate.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Filtration
objectives, applications, theories, and factor affecting filtration, filter aids, filter media, merits and demerits of the plate, frame filer, filter leaf, rotary drum filter, meta filter, cartridge filter, membrane filter, seidtz filter
Mixing by ankita yagnik
This document discusses mixing theory and equipment used for mixing in the pharmaceutical industry. It begins by defining mixing and classifying mixing into different types including mixing of solids, liquids, and semisolids. It then describes various mechanisms of mixing solids including convective, shear, and diffusion mixing. Key factors that influence mixing of solids like particle properties and interparticle forces are explained. Common equipment for mixing solids in small and large scale are then outlined including tumble blenders, V-cone blenders, double cone blenders, and those with mixing blades. Parameters for effective mixing and evaluating mixing are also summarized.
FILTRATION, THEORY OF FILTRATION, APPLICATION OF FILTRATION ,CLARIFICATION
THE FILTRATION IS SEPARATION TECHNIQUE OF SOLID IN LIQUID OR LIQUID CLEARIFICATION, ALSO INCLUDES THE THEORIES OF FILTRATION AND APPLICATIONS TOO
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-6)(Relative humidity, Liquid ...
RELATIVE HUMIDITY, Humidity, Wet and Dry Hygrometer, LIQUID COMPLEX, LIQUID CRYSTALS, Types of liquid crystals, GLASSY STATES, Characteristics glassy state, Types of glassy state, What is the Glass Transition Temperature?
Evaporation - Pharmaceutical Engineering 1st
Evaporation is the process of removing a solvent from a solution by heating the liquid in a vessel and collecting the vapor, leaving behind a concentrated product. Key factors that affect the evaporation rate include temperature, vapor pressure, surface area, and moisture content of the feed material. Common equipment used for evaporation include steam jacketed kettles, horizontal tube evaporators, and climbing film evaporators.
Size reduction by ankita yagnik
This document discusses size reduction, which is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles of a desired size and shape using external forces. It defines size reduction and comminution, and lists the objectives of size reduction such as increasing surface area and achieving intimate mixing. The document describes various size reduction mechanisms, factors affecting size reduction, and theories related to the energy required. It provides details on different size reduction equipment like hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Evaporation
objectives, factors influencing evaporation, the difference between evaporation and heat process, steam jacketed kettle, horizontal tube evaporator, climbing film evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, multiple-effect evaporator,
Fluid flow by ankita yagnik
This document discusses fluid flow and measurement. It begins by defining fluids and different types of fluid flow, including fluid statics dealing with fluids at rest and fluid dynamics dealing with fluids in motion. Key concepts discussed include pressure differences in columns of liquid, Reynolds experiment demonstrating laminar and turbulent flow, the Bernoulli equation relating pressure and velocity of a fluid, and energy losses due to friction. Finally, it describes different types of manometers used to measure pressure differences, including simple, differential, and inclined manometers.
Drying
introduction, theory of drying, applications of drying, construction & working about fluidised bed dryer,use of tray dryer,construction about vacuum dryer, construction & working about drum dryer, construction about spray dryer
Unit operations
The document discusses unit operations in food processing. It defines a unit operation as a processing step where raw materials enter and a desired product exits. Important unit operations include heat transfer, drying, evaporation, separation processes, size reduction, mixing and shaping. Examples of specific unit operations used to produce many foods are provided, such as pasteurization, freezing, spray drying, centrifuging, grinding, blending and extrusion. The document focuses on freezing operations like plate, immersion, blast and fluidized bed freezing.
Mixing
Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing,
Difference between solid and liquid mixing,
mechanism of solid mixing, liquids mixing and semisolids mixing.
Principles, Construction, Working, uses, Merits and Demerits of-
Propellers, Turbines, Paddles
Double cone blender & Twin shell blender
Ribbon blender
Sigma blade mixer
Planetary Mixers
Silverson Emulsifier
Evaporation by ankita yagnik
The document discusses various evaporation techniques used to concentrate solutions by removing water or other volatile solvents, including horizontal tube evaporators, vertical tube evaporators, climbing film evaporators, falling film evaporators, and forced circulation evaporators. It describes the basic principles, components, working, advantages, and applications of each evaporator type. The key purpose of evaporation is to concentrate aqueous solutions by removing water.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Mixing
objectives, applications, factors affecting mixing, the difference between solid and liquid mixing, mechanism of mixing, double cone blender, twin shell blender, ribbon blender, sigma blade mixer, planetary mixer, propellers, turbines, paddles and silver son emulsifier
SPRAY DRYER.pptx
The document describes the working of a spray dryer. A spray dryer uses atomization to form fine liquid droplets that are then dried into powder particles by hot gas. The liquid is sprayed into a drying chamber and the droplets move in a helical path as hot air evaporates the moisture, forming dry particles within seconds. The dried particles are then recovered at the bottom while the hot air exits through the top. Spray drying allows rapid, continuous drying of heat-sensitive materials and produces free-flowing particles of uniform size.
Diffusion principles in biological systems
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to lower concentration due to random molecular motion. It plays an important role in pharmaceutical sciences, including drug release from dosage forms and permeation of drugs through tissues. There are different types of diffusion such as passive diffusion down a concentration gradient, and active transport against a gradient. Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion as proportional to the concentration gradient. Diffusion is measured using devices like the Franz diffusion cell, where a membrane separates drug and receptor compartments to assess permeation over time. Diffusion-controlled drug release systems rely on drug diffusing out of insoluble matrices or reservoirs over time.
Filtration by ankita yagnik
This document discusses filtration, which is defined as the separation of solids from liquids by passing the mixture through a porous medium. It describes different types of filtration including surface and depth filtration. Key factors that affect the filtration rate are also outlined. Various filter media are discussed, along with theories of filtration like Poiseuille's equation and Darcy's equation. Finally, common industrial filters used in pharmaceutical industries like filter presses and rotary filters are briefly introduced.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Size reduction
objectives, mechanism, and laws governing size-reduction, factors affecting size reduction, hammer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill, edge runner mill, end runner mill
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-2) (Latent Heat, Vapour pressu...
Latent Heat, Vapour pressure, Factor affecting vapour pressure, Surface area, Types of molecule, Temperature and Intermolecular forces, Sublimation Critical point
Surface and interfacial phenomenon
This document discusses surface and interfacial phenomena. It defines interfaces and divides them into solid and liquid interfaces. Liquid interfaces deal with liquid-gas or liquid-liquid phases and have applications in infiltration, biopharmaceuticals, and suspensions/emulsions. Surface tension exists between solid-gas and liquid-gas phases, while interfacial tension exists between immiscible liquids. Various methods are described to measure surface tension, interfacial tension, and surface free energy. Surfactants are also discussed, including how they lower tensions and are used in products. Adsorption at interfaces and isotherms are briefly covered.
Bioprocess Presentation
This document discusses filtration processes used in fermentation industries. It begins by defining filtration as separating solid particles from a fluid mixture by forcing the fluid through a porous filter medium. It then discusses factors that affect filtration like viscosity, particle size/shape, and aseptic conditions. It describes cake filtration where solids build up on the filter over time. It also discusses using filter aids like diatomaceous earth to improve efficiency. Finally, it compares batch and continuous filters commonly used in fermentation, specifically plate and frame filters for batches and rotary vacuum precoat filters for high volumes.
Factors affecting of filtration
Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases by passing them through a porous medium. The liquid that passes through is called the filtrate, while the solids that remain behind comprise the filter cake. Clarification is a type of filtration where the solids present are very small, below 1%. Key aspects of filtration include the feed or slurry mixture, filter medium, filtrate, and factors that influence the filtration rate such as surface area, particle size, pore size, viscosity, temperature, and pressure difference. Common filter media include filter cloth, kraft paper, felt, fabric, cartridges, glass wool, and membrane filters.
More Related Content
What's hot
Drying
Drying is defined as the removal of water or other liquids from a material through the application of heat. It involves three steps: heat transfer to the material, mass transfer of moisture to the surface and evaporation, and transfer of vapor away from the material. There are several theories that describe the drying mechanism, including diffusion, capillarity, and pressure gradient theories. The drying rate curve shows an initial adjustment period, constant rate period, falling rate periods, and an equilibrium moisture content where drying stops. Factors like material properties, air conditions, and particle size influence the drying process and rate.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Filtration
objectives, applications, theories, and factor affecting filtration, filter aids, filter media, merits and demerits of the plate, frame filer, filter leaf, rotary drum filter, meta filter, cartridge filter, membrane filter, seidtz filter
Mixing by ankita yagnik
This document discusses mixing theory and equipment used for mixing in the pharmaceutical industry. It begins by defining mixing and classifying mixing into different types including mixing of solids, liquids, and semisolids. It then describes various mechanisms of mixing solids including convective, shear, and diffusion mixing. Key factors that influence mixing of solids like particle properties and interparticle forces are explained. Common equipment for mixing solids in small and large scale are then outlined including tumble blenders, V-cone blenders, double cone blenders, and those with mixing blades. Parameters for effective mixing and evaluating mixing are also summarized.
FILTRATION, THEORY OF FILTRATION, APPLICATION OF FILTRATION ,CLARIFICATION
THE FILTRATION IS SEPARATION TECHNIQUE OF SOLID IN LIQUID OR LIQUID CLEARIFICATION, ALSO INCLUDES THE THEORIES OF FILTRATION AND APPLICATIONS TOO
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-6)(Relative humidity, Liquid ...
RELATIVE HUMIDITY, Humidity, Wet and Dry Hygrometer, LIQUID COMPLEX, LIQUID CRYSTALS, Types of liquid crystals, GLASSY STATES, Characteristics glassy state, Types of glassy state, What is the Glass Transition Temperature?
Evaporation - Pharmaceutical Engineering 1st
Evaporation is the process of removing a solvent from a solution by heating the liquid in a vessel and collecting the vapor, leaving behind a concentrated product. Key factors that affect the evaporation rate include temperature, vapor pressure, surface area, and moisture content of the feed material. Common equipment used for evaporation include steam jacketed kettles, horizontal tube evaporators, and climbing film evaporators.
Size reduction by ankita yagnik
This document discusses size reduction, which is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles of a desired size and shape using external forces. It defines size reduction and comminution, and lists the objectives of size reduction such as increasing surface area and achieving intimate mixing. The document describes various size reduction mechanisms, factors affecting size reduction, and theories related to the energy required. It provides details on different size reduction equipment like hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Evaporation
objectives, factors influencing evaporation, the difference between evaporation and heat process, steam jacketed kettle, horizontal tube evaporator, climbing film evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, multiple-effect evaporator,
Fluid flow by ankita yagnik
This document discusses fluid flow and measurement. It begins by defining fluids and different types of fluid flow, including fluid statics dealing with fluids at rest and fluid dynamics dealing with fluids in motion. Key concepts discussed include pressure differences in columns of liquid, Reynolds experiment demonstrating laminar and turbulent flow, the Bernoulli equation relating pressure and velocity of a fluid, and energy losses due to friction. Finally, it describes different types of manometers used to measure pressure differences, including simple, differential, and inclined manometers.
Drying
introduction, theory of drying, applications of drying, construction & working about fluidised bed dryer,use of tray dryer,construction about vacuum dryer, construction & working about drum dryer, construction about spray dryer
Unit operations
The document discusses unit operations in food processing. It defines a unit operation as a processing step where raw materials enter and a desired product exits. Important unit operations include heat transfer, drying, evaporation, separation processes, size reduction, mixing and shaping. Examples of specific unit operations used to produce many foods are provided, such as pasteurization, freezing, spray drying, centrifuging, grinding, blending and extrusion. The document focuses on freezing operations like plate, immersion, blast and fluidized bed freezing.
Mixing
Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing,
Difference between solid and liquid mixing,
mechanism of solid mixing, liquids mixing and semisolids mixing.
Principles, Construction, Working, uses, Merits and Demerits of-
Propellers, Turbines, Paddles
Double cone blender & Twin shell blender
Ribbon blender
Sigma blade mixer
Planetary Mixers
Silverson Emulsifier
Evaporation by ankita yagnik
The document discusses various evaporation techniques used to concentrate solutions by removing water or other volatile solvents, including horizontal tube evaporators, vertical tube evaporators, climbing film evaporators, falling film evaporators, and forced circulation evaporators. It describes the basic principles, components, working, advantages, and applications of each evaporator type. The key purpose of evaporation is to concentrate aqueous solutions by removing water.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Mixing
objectives, applications, factors affecting mixing, the difference between solid and liquid mixing, mechanism of mixing, double cone blender, twin shell blender, ribbon blender, sigma blade mixer, planetary mixer, propellers, turbines, paddles and silver son emulsifier
SPRAY DRYER.pptx
The document describes the working of a spray dryer. A spray dryer uses atomization to form fine liquid droplets that are then dried into powder particles by hot gas. The liquid is sprayed into a drying chamber and the droplets move in a helical path as hot air evaporates the moisture, forming dry particles within seconds. The dried particles are then recovered at the bottom while the hot air exits through the top. Spray drying allows rapid, continuous drying of heat-sensitive materials and produces free-flowing particles of uniform size.
Diffusion principles in biological systems
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to lower concentration due to random molecular motion. It plays an important role in pharmaceutical sciences, including drug release from dosage forms and permeation of drugs through tissues. There are different types of diffusion such as passive diffusion down a concentration gradient, and active transport against a gradient. Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion as proportional to the concentration gradient. Diffusion is measured using devices like the Franz diffusion cell, where a membrane separates drug and receptor compartments to assess permeation over time. Diffusion-controlled drug release systems rely on drug diffusing out of insoluble matrices or reservoirs over time.
Filtration by ankita yagnik
This document discusses filtration, which is defined as the separation of solids from liquids by passing the mixture through a porous medium. It describes different types of filtration including surface and depth filtration. Key factors that affect the filtration rate are also outlined. Various filter media are discussed, along with theories of filtration like Poiseuille's equation and Darcy's equation. Finally, common industrial filters used in pharmaceutical industries like filter presses and rotary filters are briefly introduced.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Size reduction
objectives, mechanism, and laws governing size-reduction, factors affecting size reduction, hammer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill, edge runner mill, end runner mill
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-2) (Latent Heat, Vapour pressu...
Latent Heat, Vapour pressure, Factor affecting vapour pressure, Surface area, Types of molecule, Temperature and Intermolecular forces, Sublimation Critical point
Surface and interfacial phenomenon
This document discusses surface and interfacial phenomena. It defines interfaces and divides them into solid and liquid interfaces. Liquid interfaces deal with liquid-gas or liquid-liquid phases and have applications in infiltration, biopharmaceuticals, and suspensions/emulsions. Surface tension exists between solid-gas and liquid-gas phases, while interfacial tension exists between immiscible liquids. Various methods are described to measure surface tension, interfacial tension, and surface free energy. Surfactants are also discussed, including how they lower tensions and are used in products. Adsorption at interfaces and isotherms are briefly covered.
What's hot (20)
FILTRATION, THEORY OF FILTRATION, APPLICATION OF FILTRATION ,CLARIFICATION
FILTRATION, THEORY OF FILTRATION, APPLICATION OF FILTRATION ,CLARIFICATION
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-6)(Relative humidity, Liquid ...
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-6)(Relative humidity, Liquid ...
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-2) (Latent Heat, Vapour pressu...
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-2) (Latent Heat, Vapour pressu...
Similar to Filter media (1)
Bioprocess Presentation
This document discusses filtration processes used in fermentation industries. It begins by defining filtration as separating solid particles from a fluid mixture by forcing the fluid through a porous filter medium. It then discusses factors that affect filtration like viscosity, particle size/shape, and aseptic conditions. It describes cake filtration where solids build up on the filter over time. It also discusses using filter aids like diatomaceous earth to improve efficiency. Finally, it compares batch and continuous filters commonly used in fermentation, specifically plate and frame filters for batches and rotary vacuum precoat filters for high volumes.
Factors affecting of filtration
Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases by passing them through a porous medium. The liquid that passes through is called the filtrate, while the solids that remain behind comprise the filter cake. Clarification is a type of filtration where the solids present are very small, below 1%. Key aspects of filtration include the feed or slurry mixture, filter medium, filtrate, and factors that influence the filtration rate such as surface area, particle size, pore size, viscosity, temperature, and pressure difference. Common filter media include filter cloth, kraft paper, felt, fabric, cartridges, glass wool, and membrane filters.
Filtration
Filtration is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of products like solids from fluids by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass.
mechanical_separations.pptx
Mechanical separations methods include sieves or membranes that retain one component while allowing another to pass. Screening separates particles based on size alone using screens with different sized openings. The efficiency and capacity of a screen involves balancing how well it separates materials versus the mass it can process. Filtration separates solids from liquids by passing a suspension through a permeable filter medium, with different mechanisms including surface filtration that forms a filter cake and depth filtration within the filter medium.
mechanism of filtration, surface and depth filters
This document discusses filtration and provides details on various types of filtration processes. It defines filtration as the separation of solids from liquids by passing a suspension through a permeable medium. There are two main types of filtration: surface filtration where solids are deposited in a cake on the filter medium surface, and depth filtration where particle deposition occurs inside the filter medium. The rate of filtration depends on the driving force, which is the pressure differential, and the resistance to flow from factors like the filter cake, filter medium properties, and fluid viscosity.
Filtration
The document discusses various types of filtration processes. It begins by defining filtration as using a medium to separate solids from fluids. Darcy's law is then introduced to describe fluid flow through porous media. Several types of industrial filtration equipment are then described in detail, including bed filters, plate-and-frame filters, leaf filters, and various continuous rotary filters. Microfiltration is also discussed as a process using specially designed filters to remove particles between 0.1 to 10 micrometers in size. Key references on filtration processes are provided at the end.
FILTRATION , FILTRATION PROCESS ,
pharmaceutical chemistry (physical chemistry), pharmaceutical analysis, physical pharmacy ,pharmaceutical engineering , pharmaceutics ,
7. Trickling Filter.pptx
The document describes a trickling filter, which is a biological wastewater treatment process using attached growth of microorganisms on media to remove organic matter. Wastewater is distributed over the top of the media (such as gravel or plastic), where microbes grow as biofilms and degrade organics. The treated water exits through underdrains while air flow through the media supports the aerobic biofilms. Higher rate filters use recirculation and plastic media to achieve greater organic removal at smaller footprints. Proper design and operation are needed to control issues like ponding, flies, odors, and icing.
Similar to Filter media (1) (8)
mechanism of filtration, surface and depth filters
mechanism of filtration, surface and depth filters
Recently uploaded
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Recently uploaded (20)
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
Filter media (1)
- 1. Presented by: SNEHA SARKAR B.PHARM 3rd Sem FILTER MEDIA
- 2. FILTRATION Filtration is any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by adding a medium through which only the fluid can pass. Process of filtration
- 3. FILTER MEDIA The surface upon which solids are deposited in a filter is called the “filter medium”. Properties of ideal filter medium:- It should- Be capable of delivering a clear filtrate at a suitable production rate. Filter even negligible amount. Be inert. Not absorb dissolved materials. Sterile filtration impose a special requirement since the pore size must not exceed the dimensions of bacteria or spores.
- 4. SURFACE AREA OF FILTER MEDIUM Rate of filtration INVERSELY proportional to specific surface of filter bed DIRECTLY proportional to surface area of filter medium
- 8. REFERENCE C.V.S Subrahmanyam, J Thimma Setty, Sarasija Suresh, V Kusum Devi. Pharmaceutical Engineering Unit Operations-1.(2002) vallabh prakashan. (2015)reprint. Ch:filtration.page no.(230-237).