fiber strength and fiber fineness are described in detail about the machinery and discussed about new computerized testing machines which are used to determine the strength and fineness of the fiber.

1. FIBRE
STRENGTH AND
FIBRE FINENESS
BY
MAL ARVIZHI.M

2. CONTENT
• Importance of fibre testing
• Basic characteristics of cotton and man-made fibres
• Standard atmosphere for testing
• For cotton, man-made and its blends
Introduction to fibre strength
Importance of fibre strength
Machines used to calculate fibre strength
Introduction to fibre fineness
Importance of fibre fineness
Machines used to calculate fibre fineness
• conclusion

3. IMPORTANCE OF FIBRE TESTING
• Raw material represents about 50 to 70% of the production cost of a short-
staple yarn.
• This fact is sufficient to indicate the significance of the raw material for the
yarn producer.
• It is not possible to use a problem-free raw material always , because cotton is
a natural fibre and there are many properties which will affect the performance.
• Fibre characteristics must be classified according to a certain sequence of
importance with respect to the end product and the spinning process.

4. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBRE
• A textile fibre is a peculiar object.
• It has not truly fixed length, width, thickness, shape and cross-section.
• Growth of natural fibres or production factors of manmade fibres are
responsible for this situation.
• An individual fibre, if examined carefully, will be seen to vary in cross-
sectional area along it length.
• This may be the result of variations in growth rate, caused by dietary,
metabolic, nutrient-supply, seasonal, weather, or other factors
influencing the rate of cell development in natural fibres.
• Surface characteristics also play some part in increasing the variablity of
fibre shape.

5. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
COTTON AND MAN-MADE FIBRES
Following are the basic characteristics of
cotton fibre,
• fibre length
• fineness
• strength
• maturity
• Rigidity
• fibre friction
• structural features
Following are the basic characteristics of
man-made fibre,
• Very strong
• More durable
• Absorb very little water
• Wrinkle resistant
• Light weight
• Extremely fine
• Do not shrink
• Do not attacked by moths
• Less expensive and readily available

6. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE FOR
TESTING
• The atmosphere in which physical tests on textile materials are
performed. It has a relative humidity of 65 + 2 per cent and a
temperature of 20 + 2° C.
• In tropical and sub-tropical countries, an alternative standard
atmosphere for testing with a relative humidity of 65 + 2 per cent and a
temperature of 27 + 2° C, may be used.

7. FIBRE STRENGTH
• Strength is very often the predominant characteristic.
• This can be seen from the fact that nature produces countless types of
fibers, most of which are not usable for textiles because of inadequate
strength.
• The minimum strength for a textile fiber is approximately 6 cN/tex
(about 6 km breaking length).
• Fiber strength will increase in importance in future, since most new
spinning processes exploit the strength of the material less well than
older processes.

8. CONT
• Fibre strength is generally considered to be next to fibre length and
fineness in the order of importance amongst fibre properties.
• Fibre strength denotes the maximum tension the fibre is able to sustain
before breaking.
• It can be expressed as breaking strength or load, tenacity etc.
• Elongation denotes elongation percentage of fibre at break.

9. FACTORS AFFECTING THE STRENGTH
OF FIBRES
• Molecular structure
• No. and intensity of weak places
• Coarseness or fineness of fibre
• Relative humidity
• Elasticity
• Fibre strength is determined by either testing individual fibres or group
of fibres.
• Manmade fibres are usually tested for their individual strength as there
is very less variation in length and fineness of the fibres. Natural fibres
are tested for their bundle strength due to high variation in terms of
length and fineness.

10. The different measures available for reporting fibre strength are
• breaking strength
• tensile strength and
• tenacity or intrinsic strength
The strength characteristics can be determined either on individual fibres or
on bundle of fibres.

11. SINGLE FIBRE STRENGTH:
The tenacity of fibre is dependent upon the following factors,
• chain length of molecules in the fibre orientation of molecules size of
the crystallites distribution of the crystallites gauge length used the rate
of loading type of instrument used and atmospheric conditions
• The mean single fibre strength determined is expressed in units of
"grams/tex".
• As it is seen the unit for tenacity has the dimension of length only, and
hence this property is also expressed as the "BREAKING LENGTH", which
can be considered as the length of the specimen equivalent in weight to
the breaking load.
• Since tex is the mass in grams of one kilometer of the specimen, the
tenacity values expressed in grams/tex will correspond to the breaking
length in kilometers.

12. BUNDLE FIBRE STRENGTH
• In practice, fibres are not used individually but in groups, such as in
yarns or fabrics.
• Thus, bundles or groups of fibres come into play during the tensile
break of yarns or fabrics.
• Further, the correlation between spinning performance and bundle
strength is atleast as high as that between spinning performance and
intrinsic strength determined by testing individual fibres.
• The testing of bundles of fibres takes less time and involves less strain
than testing individual fibres.
• In view of these considerations, determination of breaking strength of
fibre bundles has assumed greater importance than single fibre strength
tests.

13. PRINCIPLES OF MEASURING FIBRE
STRENGTH
Several instruments are used to determine the strength of single and
bundle of fibres. The following are the various types of instruments used,
• Hydraulic type
• Balance type
• Pendulum type
• Spring type
• Electronic type(strain gauge or transducer principle)

14. BUNDLE STRENGTH FIBRE TESTING
• A bunch of fibres are put in to two jaws. The jaws are moved until the
fibres break. The breaking load and elongation at break are noted,

15. INSTRUMENTS TO DETERMINE THE
BUNDLE STRENGTH
• Pressley tester- It is a balance type tester and working on the principle
of moments.
• Stelometer- It is another popular instrument and where St-rength, EL-
ongation cab be measured in this tester so it is named as stelometer. It
is a pendulum type tester.
• Instron tester

16. PRESSLEY FIBRE STRENGTH TESTER
• The beam AB is pivoted at O.
• When B rises, the clamp C1 moves upwards.
• Initially the beam have a slight inclination of a few degree to the
horizontal.
• The heavy rolling weight (W) when released from the catch, it rolls down
the beam.
• A 'O increases until the fibres break.
• As soon as the break occurs, the arm AO drops and the brake
arrangement stops the carriage instantly.
• The distance A'O is the measure of breaking force. The scale is directly
graduated on the beam AB.

17. PRESSLEY FIBRE STRENGTH TESTER

18. STELOMETER
• Capable of measuring strength as well as elongation of fibre bundle.
• Works with Pendulum lever principle .
• The loading of the specimen is carried out by a pendulum system, which
is mounted in such a way that it rotates about its C.G.
• It eliminates the inertia effects associated with normal pendulum
principle.
• The beam and pendulum start in a vertical position but the C.G. of
beam is such that when it is released the whole assembly rotates.
• The speed of rotation is controlled by adjusting the dashpot.

23. BREAKING STRENGTH OF FIBRES
Some significant breaking strengths of fibers are:
• polyester fiber 35-60 cN/tex
• cotton 15-40 cN/tex
• wool 12-18 cN/tex
• In relation to cotton, the strength of fiber bundles was measured and
stated as the Pressley value. The following scale of values was used (93
000 p.s.i = 93):

24. CONT
• 93 and above = excellent
• 87-92 = very strong
• 81-86 = strong
• 75-80 = medium
• 70-74 = fair
• 70 and below = weak
• Conversion to physical units should be avoided because the measuring
procedure is not very exact.
• Today the fiber bundles are commonly tested with HVI instrumentation.
Depending on the used calibration standard (USDA- or HVI-calibration
cottons) the strength is expressed in g/tex (cN/tex).

25. CONTFor the commonly used HVI-CC calibration the following scale of values is
used (1/8 in. gauge strength g/tex)
• 32 and above = very strong
• 30-32 = strong
• 26-29 = base
• 21-25 = weak
• 20 and below = very weak
Except for polyester and polypropylene fiber, fiber strength is moisture-
dependent. It is important to know this in processing and also in testing. Since
fiber moisture is dependent upon the ambient-air conditions, it depends
heavily on the climatic conditions and the time of exposure before operation.
Whereas the strength of cotton, linen, etc., increases with increasing moisture
content, the reverse is true for polyamide fiber, viscose and wool

26. FIBER STRENGTH (GRAMS/TEX)
Fiber Dry Strength Wet Strength
Cotton 27 – 45 30 – 54
Rayon (regular) 22 – 27 10 – 14
Polyester 27 – 54 27 – 54

27. polymer family and type
common
names and
trade names
deniers
(gm/9,000 m)
tensile
strength
(gm/denier)
elongation
at break
(%)
initial
modulus
(gm/denier)
Cellulosics
regenerated cellulose rayon 2–3 2.0–2.1 17–20 —
cellulose triacetate acetate, Arnel 2–3 1.2–1.4 25–28 35–40
Polyamide
polycaprolactam (textile fibre)
nylon 6 (textile) 1.5–5 4.5–6.8 23–43 25–35
polyhexamethylene adipamide (textile
fibre)
nylon 6,6 (textile) 1.5–5 4.5–6.8 23–43 25–35
polycaprolactam (industrial fibre)
nylon 6 (industrial) 1.5–5 8.5–9.5 12–17 33–46
polyhexamethylene adipamide
(industrial fibre)
nylon 6,6 (industrial) 1.5–5 8.5–9.5 12–17 33–46
Aramid
poly-p-phenylene tereph-thalamide
Kevlar, Twaron, Technora 1.0–1.5 25–30 3–6 500–1,000
poly-m-phenylene isoph-thalamide
Nomex, Conex 2–5 3–6 2–30 130–150
Polyester
polyethylene terephthalate Dacron, Terylene, Trevira 1.5–5 4.7–6.0 35–50 25–50
Polyacrylonitrile
acrylic (>85% acrylonitrile) Acrilan, Creslan, Courtelle 2–8 2.5–4.5 27–48 25–63
modacrylic (35–85% acrylonitrile)
Verel, SEF 2–8 2.5–4.5 27–48 22–56
Polypropylene
Herculon, Marvess 2–10 5–9 15–30 29–45
Polyethylene
regular 2–10 2–4 20–40 —
high-modulus Dyneema, Spectra — 30–35 2.7–3.5 1,370–2,016
Polyurethane
spandex, Lycra 2.5–20 0.6–1.5 400–600 —

28. FIBRE STRENGTH EQUIPMENTS-
FIBROSTELO
• The FibroStelo is a fibre bundle
strength tester (or Stelometer) for
precise determination of the tensile
strength or breaking tenacity and
elongation (at break) of a flat fibre
bundle.
• FibroStelo
• (Measures the tensile strength and
elongation of a flat fibre bundle)
• Manufactured by: MAG Solvics
Private Limited, India
• The FibroStelo (Stelometer) provides
accurate assessment of the tensile
strength and elongation of a flat fibre
bundle.
• It does this by accurately measuring
the force and elongation of the
bundle with zero or 1/8" (3.2 mm)
clamp space.
• This table top model is designed for
ergonomic comfort and works on the
constant rate of loading (CRL)
principle. An assortment of
accessories including torque vice for
easy preparation and testing of

29. FIBROSTELO OR STELOMETER
• Precise pendulum mechanism
for accurate measurement of
strength and elongation at the
same time
• Accessories enable easy and
rapid preparation and testing of
sample
• Ergonomic design

30. CONT
Key Features
• Light weight and portable
• Precise pendulum mechanism for simultaneous determination of
strength and elongation
• In-built calibration and specific probes

31. HVT EXPERT 1401-FIBRE PROPERTY
ANALYSER
• The HVT Expert 1401 is a
combined fibre property
analyser that provides accurate
measurement of length and
strength with automated comb
sampling, micronaire, moistiure,
maturity, colour, and real trash
content.

32. HVT EXPERT 1401- (ACCURATE FIBRE
PROPERTY ANALYSER)• The HVT Expert 1401 unit is used to
determine fibre properties such as length,
strength, micronaire, moistiure, maturity,
colour, and real trash content.
• The HVT 1401 has a smaller footprint, less
weight, and an ergonomic stainless steel top
workspace.
• Calibration of the HVT Expert is by USDA /
International Calibration Cottons. Also
provided are Barcode identification, BaleMan
- Bale management system (optional).
• Manufactured by: MAG Solvics Private
Limited, India
Benefits:
• Instrument can be calibrated and tested
in both ICC mode and HVI mode
• Rapid and accurate assessment of fibre
properties such as length, fineness,
maturity, strength, colour grade,
moisture, and gravimetric trash

33. CONT
Key Features
• Intelligent pressure mechanism for accurate beard collection
of sample size
• Determines the fibre properties such as length and strength;
and maturity; moisture and color, and gravimetric trash
• Parallel as well as simultaneous operations
• Calibration by USDA/International Calibration Cottons
• More than 200 tests per hour under combined tests mode (Without
Trash module) and more than 300 tests per hour under module testing
mode

34. UNIVERSAL TENSILE STRENGTH TESTER, COMPUTERIZED
TENSILE TESTING MACHINE, FIBER YARN FABRIC STRENGTH
TESTER Micro Controller based Panel-incorporating State of Art
Technology.
• Digital Display of Force, Elongation & Speed values on large
Backlit LCD Display Unit.
• Choice of multiple load cells selectable via keyboard.
• Peak Force Memory Facility.
• Variable Testing Speed.
• Closed loop servo system in variable speed Model.
• Displacement measurement using Optical Encoder.
• Safety interlocks for overload and over travel.
• USB Communication port to interface instrument with any
computer or laptop.
• Software for computer control of machine with online graphic
display & test report.

35. • Choice of 3 Grips & Fixtures for variety of materials also available optionally.
• One set of pneumatic grips for yarn and two mechanical type grips come with
standard supply.
• Compact & Elegant design.
• Specifications of Universal Tensile Strength Tester:
• Force Rating (any two load cells included): 5 Kg, 10 kg, 20 kg, 200 kg and 1000
Kg
• Force Resolution: 1 Gm upto 20 kg & 10Gm upto 1000 kg
• Force measurement accuracy: ±0.5% of FSD
• Minimum Crosshead stroke: 750 approx
• Crosshead displacement Measurement Resolution: 1mm
• Grips: Pneaumatic for Yarn, 2 Mechanical grips

36. • Crosshead speeds: 20 to 370 OR fixed speed as per requirement
• Options: Other testing speeds on special request
• Power Supply: 230 V AC, 50Hz, three Phase
• Additional Requirements: Computer – Monitor & CPU.
• Universal Tensile Strength Tester confirms with the following international
standards: BS EN ISO 13934, Parts 1&2 ASTM D-5034:1995, ASTM D-
5035:1995
• Universal Tensile Strength Tester confirms with international standards and
comes under warranty. All this help provide customer satisfaction that
promotes long term customer relationship which is our ultimate objective at
B-Tex Engineering.
• Minimum 10 years part availability assurance from the date of Invoice.

37. FIBRE / YARN STRENGTH TESTER
• Features of Fibre / Yarn Strength
Tester :
• Tensile strength and elongation of
Fibre / Yarn can be effectively
determined.
• Force rating upto 0.999 kg with 0.1
gm accuracy.
• Crosshead speed is 20 to 400 RPM
variable.
• Extremely powerful interactive pc
software gives graphical analysis
and it makes the machine versatile.
Fibre / Yarn Strength Tester is used to
determine the tensile strength and
elongation of Single Fibre / Yarn with
peak value & elongation facilities.

38. Specifications of Fibre / Yarn Strength
Tester :
• Force Rating: 0.1 gm to 0.999 kgForce
Resolution: 0.1 gmForce
measurement accuracy: ±0.5% of
FSDMinimum Crosshead stroke: 200
mm approx Crosshead Resolution:
1mm Grips: Fibre / Yarn
Grip Crosshead speeds: 20 to 400
RPM variable Power Supply: 230 V
AC, 50Hz, Single Phase Size &
Weight: 40 x 44 x 20 cm, 13 Kg
• Standards of Fibre / Yarn Strength Tester
: BS EN ISO 13934, Parts 1&2 ASTM D-
5034:1995, ASTM D-5035:1995
• Fibre / Yarn Strength Tester comes with
calibration - warranty certificates and
confirms with the international standards.
For the long term customer relationship we
provide these help, which is our main
objective.
• Minimum 10 years part availability
assurance from the date of Invoice.
• Universal Tensile Strength Tester,
Computerized Tensile Testing Machine,
Fiber Yarn Fabric Strength Tester

39. SINGLE FIBER STRENGTH TESTER TB400C
• Electronic Single Fiber Strength
Tester, suitable to test the tension
strength and elongation of chemical
fiber, cotton, wool, ramie, silk, glass
fiber, fine metallic thread, etc.
Application
• Single Fiber Strength Tester,
suiting to test the tension strength
and elongation of chemical fiber,
cotton, wool, ramie, silk, glass fiber,
fine metallic thread, etc.

40. • Features
• Including touch panel,
computer operating
(All in English)
• Real-time display testing
result and settings
• Force unit: N, Kgf, lb, in, cN
• High accuracy and fast
response;
• Easy to load and unload
specimen;
• Specifications
• The maximum load test: 100cN,
300cN, 500cN, 1000cN
• Load measuring accuracy: 0.02%
(F.S)
• Resolution: 0.01Cn
• Max Elongation range: ≤ 200mm
• Elongation measuring accuracy:
0.01mm
• Zero drift: ≤0.2% (F.S)
• The falling speed of lower
clamping device: 2~200mm/min
(adjustable)
• The accuracy of falling speed: ≤1%

41. Weight
Power
Dimensions
Standards
60 Kg
220 /110 V 50/60 Hz
400 x 320 x 550 mm (L x W x H)
GB/T 9997 GB/T 14337 ISO 5079 ISO11566

42. FIBRE FINENESS
Importance:
• Fineness is one of the most important fibre characteristics.
• The fineness determines how many fibres are present in
• the cross-section of a yarn of given thickness. Additional
• fibres in the cross-section provide not only additional
• strength, but also a better distribution in the yarn.
• Thirty fibres are needed at the minimum in the yarn crosssection,
• but there are usually over 100.

43. INFLUENCES OF FIBRE FINENESS
• Spinning limit
• Yarn strength
• Yarn evenness
• Yarn fullness
• Drape of the fabric product
• Lustre
• Handle
• Productivity of the process.

44. • With the exception of wool and hair fibers, fiber fineness cannot be specified
by reference to diameter as in the case of steel wire, because the section is
seldom circular and is thus not easily measurable. As in the case of yarns
and fibers, fineness is usually specified by the relation of mass (weight) to
length:

45. • Whereas for man-made fibers dtex is used almost exclusively, the Micronaire
value is used worldwide for cotton.
• The fineness scale is as follows:
Mic VALUE FINENESS
up to 3.1 very fine
3.1-3.9 Fine
4.0-4.9 medium (premium range)
5.0-5.9 slightly coarse
above 6 Coarse

46. • Conversion factor: dtex = Mic × 0.394 (heavily dependent on degree of
maturity).
• It should be remembered, however, that the Micronaire value does not
always represent the actual fineness of the fibers.
• Owing to the use of the air-throughflow method for measuring the Mic value,
for example, a low average value is obtained where there is a high proportion
of immature fibers, and this does not correspond to the true value for the
spinnable fibers.

47. WHY FIBER FINENESS IS SO
IMPORTANT:
It has been known since long that fiber fineness plays an important
role in determining the quality of resultant yarn and hence that of the
resultant fabrics. In general fiber fineness is important due to the
following factors:
• It affects Stiffness of the Fabric
• As the fiber fineness increases, resistance to bending decreases.
• It means the fabric made from yarn of finer fiber is less stiff in feel.
• It also drapes better.

48. • 2. It affects Torsional Rigidity of
the Yarn
• Torsional rigidity means ability to
twist.
• As fiber fineness increases,
torsional rigidity of the yarn
reduces proportionally.
• thus fibers can be twisted easily
during spinning operation.
• Also there will be less snarling
and kink formation in the yarn
when the fine fibers are used.
• 3. Reflection of Light
• Finer fibers also determine the luster of
the fabric.
• Because there are so many number of
fibers per unit area that they produce a
soft sheen.
• This is different from hard glitter
produced by the coarser fibers.
• Also the apparent depth of the shade
will be lighter incase of fabrics made
with finer fibers than in case of coarser
fibers.

49. • 4. Absorption of Dyes
• The amount of dye absorbed
depends upon the amount of
surface area accessible for dye
out of a given volume of
• Thus a finer fiber leads to
quicker exhaustion of dyes
than coarser fibres.
• 5. Ease in Spinning Process
• A finer fiber leads to more fibre
cohesion because the numbers of
surfaces are more so cohesion due
to friction is higher.
• Also finer fibers lead to less
amount of twist because of the
same increased force of friction.
• This means yarns can be spun finer
with the same amount of twist as
compared to coarser fibers,

50. • 6. Uniformity of Yarn and Hence Uniformity in the Fabric
• It also leads to fewer breakages in spinning and weaving.
Methods of Measurement
• a) Gravimetric method (Cotton):
• From comb sorter diagram, fibre tufts are taken and at
• spacing of 1 cm tufts sections are sliced out with the help of
• razor.
• 100 fibres are counted and weighed on a sensitive microbalance.
• Convert into mass/length.

51. • b) Gravimetric method (for wool):
• Wool has almost circular cross-section.
• After completing a fibre length test the fibres are collected
• and thoroughly cleared of oil, allowed to condition and then
• weighed on microbalance.
• The total fibre length is calculated and knowing the number
• of fibres weight/unit length is derived.

52. • Mean Wt/unit length = W / Σhn
• where, h = the class length (cm)
• n = number of fibres in each class
• W = total wt of all the classes (mg)
• dgrav (microns) = √(97190×W / Σhn)
• Assuming wool cross section is circular and density of
• wool is 1.31 g/cc

53. • c) By microscope:
• Applicable to the fibres with
circular cross section.
• A suitable random and
representative sample is
conditioned for 24 hrs in
standard testing atmosphere.
• Fibres are cut into suitable small
length and slide is prepared by
carefully mixing the fibres into
mountant.

54. • The mounting agent should be non-swelling and have a suitable refractive
index (liquid paraffin) [should not be equal to the fibre].
• The mixture of fibres and mount is spread thinly on the slide and covered
with a cover glass.
• The slide is traversed in zigzag fashion, to cover all the fibres randomly.

55. • d) By air-flow method:
• AIR-FLOW METHOD (MICRONAIRE INSTRUMENT):
• The resistance offered to the flow of air through a plug of fibres is
upon the specific surface area of the fibres.

56. • The resistance offered to the flow of air through a plug of fibres is
dependent upon the specific surface area of the fibres.
• Fineness tester has been evolved on this principle for determining fineness
of cotton.
• The specific surface area which determines the flow of air through a cotton
plug, is dependent not only upon the linear density of the fibres in the
sample but also upon their maturity.
• Hence the micronaire readings have to be treated with caution particularly
when testing samples varying widely in maturity.

58. • In the micronaire instrument, a weighed quantity of 3.24gram of well opened
cotton sample is compressed into a cylindrical container of fixed dimensions.
• Compressed air is forced through the sample, at a definite pressure and the
volume-rate of flow of air is measured by a rotometer type flow meter.
• The sample for Micronaire test should be well opened cleaned and
thoroughly mixed (by hand fluffing and opening method).
• Out of the various air-flow instruments, the Micronaire is robust in
construction, easy to operate and presents little difficulty as regards its
maintenance.

59. • Suitable for mill practice due to its speed of measurement
• Air flow at a given pressure difference through a uniformly distributed mass
of fibres is determined by the total surface area of the fibres (Drag on water
by river bank).
• For a constant mass of fibre ( i.e. the actual volume) the air flow is inversely
proportional to the specific surface area.

60. • By measuring the rate of air flow under controlled conditions, the specific
surface area (s) of fibre can be determined and consequently the fibre
diameter (also the fibre weight/unit length)
• Two types
a) Measurement of air flow at a constant pressure drop.
b) Measurement of pressure drop at a constant air flow.

61. PORTABLE DIGIMIC XT
• The portable Digimic XT is a
digital fibre fineness
(Micronaire) tester that can be
used to rapidly determine the
fineness value (linear density) of
cotton fibres in terms of
micrograms per inch to assess
fiber quality and spinnability.

62. DIGIMIC XT
(DIGITAL FIBRE FINENESS MICRONAIRE
TESTER)
• The Digimic XT is an automatic digital
model that rapidly and accurately
determines the fineness value (linear
density) of cotton fibres in terms of
micrograms per inch to assess fiber
quality and spinnability. The Digimic XT
is simple and easy to operate and
produces reliable and repeatable results.
It features a built-in calibration mode,
(calibration by USDA or CIRCOT standard
calibration cotton.)
Manufactured by: MAG Solvics Private
Limited, India
Benefits:
• Attached digital weighing balance
enables quick sample weighing
• Built-in UPS, battery backed for more
than 4 hours ensures easy mobility
• Simple and rapid in operation with
reliable and repeatable results.

63. Key Features
• Digital weighing balance
• In-built calibration mode (USDA or CIRCOT standard calibration cotton)
• Built-in gravimetric compressor
• Measuring range : 2 to 8 micro gram/inch
• Alphanumeric LCD display screen with backlight illumination.
• Proven air flow principle, measured by micro-electronic pressure sensor
high accuracy

64. AUTOMATIC WOOL FINENESS TESTER
TB311B • Automatic Wool Fineness Tester,
using Airflow method to test the
Wool Fineness with the widest
measurement range from 12 ~ 50um
, test results are directly displayed on
the LCD screen, and can also be
connected with the computer via USB
port, with LAB test software offered,
to analysis and print out the perfect
test report. Automatic Wool Fineness
Tester complies with ISO1136,
BS3183, ASTM D1282, etc.

65. Application
• Automatic Wool Fineness Tester,
using Airflow method to test the
Wool Fineness with the widest
measurement range from 12 ~
50um , test results are directly
displayed on the LCD screen, and
can also be connected with the
computer via USB port, with LAB
test software offered, to analysis
and print out the perfect test
report. The simple and fast test
operation is widely used in wool
research, wool purchase
wool production and trading, etc.
Specifications
• Measuring range: 12 ~ 50um (the widest
in the world)
• Measuring accuracy: 0.1um (standard lab
environment)
• Test time: 15 seconds on average
• Sample mass: 2.5 ± 0.004g
• PC communication: USB port connection
• Output test report via computer
Optional order
• WOOLLAB standard wool

66. Weight
Power
Dimensions
Standards
30 kg
220/110 V 50/60 Hz
Width: 520 mm Depth: 280 mm Height: 300 mm
21 inch 11 inch 12 inch
ISO 1136 BS 3183 ASTM D1282
IWTO-6-90 IWTO-28-98 GB/T 11603

67. AUTOMATIC MICRONAIRE METER TB310
• Automatic Micronaire Meter, used to
determine the micronaire value of
cotton fibre. Micronaire Tester
complies with ISO2403-1972,
GB/T6498-2008, GB1103-2007, etc.

68. Application
• Automatic Micronaire Meter, used to
determine the micronaire value of
cotton fibre. CPU tech. be adoped
which can give digital reading and
make adjustment of micronaire value
(and weight value as well) more easy
and convenient. The sampling range is
more big, operation more efficient,
test results more accurate. The
micronaire value and cotton grade can
be displayed directly on the tester, the
test data also can be show displayed
the PC when machine connect to the
computer.
Specifications
• Micronaire value range:2.5-6.0Micronaire
Value
• Accuracy:+/- 0.05 Micronaire Value (The first
in the world)
• Specimen weight:7.5~8.5g
• Volume:0.26g/cm3
• High Test Speed:A few seconds for one
sample

69. Weight
Power
Dimensions
Standards
15 kg
220 /110 V 50/60 Hz
Width: 220
mm
Depth: 250
mm
Height: 300
mm
9 inch 10 inch 12 inch
ISO 2403-1972 GB/T 6498-
2008
GB 1103-2007

70. FINENESS & CONTENT ANALYSIS SYSTEM
TB300
Fineness & Content Analysis
System, to determine the fineness
of fiber and analyze the content
and surface feature of textile fiber.
Fineness Analysis System
complies with AATCC20, ISO 137,
IWTO-8-97, etc.

71. Application
• Fiber Fineness & Content Analysis
System, To determine the fineness
of fiber and analyze the content
surface feature of animal and
vegetation fiber, and mineral fiber,
such as cotton, wool, man-made
fiber, etc.
• This fiber analyzer is efficient, its
kernel is a special soft package, and
it is based on the digital image
technology and interactive
operation. Operator selects the
objects, and then the system
measures fiber and gets the statistic
• Pick a bundle of fiber and cut a
segment about 100um at the
middle position, then immerge
the fiber segment in one or two
drop of paraffin oil and mix round,
place the sample on the telescope
stage, the magnified image is
projected on the CCD camera and
be digitized in computer memory.
Then the digital image of sample
is processed and measured.

72. Functions (Optional orders)
• Sample diameter
• Automatic diameter
measurement
• Fiber content test
• Abnormality-transect fiber
measurement
Specifications
• Industrial pick-up camera,
microscope, specialized test
software.
• Operating mode : Manual,
Automatic, Multiple-spot
measurement
• Measurement range: 1~ 2000μm
• Measurement accuracy : 0.1μm

73. Weight
Power
Dimensions
Standards
40 kg
220/110 V 50/60 Hz
600 x 400 x 600
mm (L x W x H)
AATCC 20 AATCC 20A ISO 137 ISO 17751
IWTO-8-97 IWTO-47-00 FZ/T 01057.3 GB/T 10685

74. CONCLUSION
Thus we have learned about the fibre strength and fibre strength and its
importance, influences and how it is determined are all seen in detail. Also
now the technology is improved much in testing to give accurate values
to determine the quality of the fibres. However the technology is
improved also the cost of the computerized testing machine are very
costlier than other testing equipments but it gives exact and accurate
testing values and it makes the manual work much easier without any
error.