Fiber optic communication uses lightwave technology to transmit data over long distances and local networks. It has three main elements: a compact light source like an LED or laser, low loss optical fiber made of glass or plastic, and a photo detector to convert light signals back to electrical signals. Fiber optic communication works by converting electrical signals to light signals using a light source in the transmitter, carrying the light beam through the fiber optic cable, and converting it back to an electrical signal using a receiver circuit with a photo detector. This allows for gigabit transmission of data, voice, video, and telemetry over longer distances than traditional copper wire networks.

1. Fiber Optic Communication
System
Presenter : Saffi Sultan

2. Purpose of using fiber optic communication
 For gigabits and beyond gigabits transmission of data, the fiber optic
communication is the ideal choice.
This type of communication is used to transmit voice, video,
telemetry and data over long distances and local area networks or
computer networks.
It uses light wave technology to transmit the data over a fiber by
changing electronic signals into light.

3. Basic Elements
There are three main basic elements of fiber optic communication
system. They are
Compact light source
Low loss optical fiber
Photo detector
 Accessories like connectors, switches, couplers, multiplexing
devices, amplifiers and splices are also essential elements in this
communication system.

4. Compact Light Source
LED and Laser are used as light
sources
LED for short distance and low
data rate applications.
Laser diodes are used of longer
distance and high data rate.
Nowadays many improvements
and advancements have made
the sources more reliable.

5. Comparison of LED and Laser diode

6. Low loss optical fiber
Parameter like tensile strength,
rigidity, durability should be
considered.
Made up of high quality
extruded glass (Si) or plastic.
The diameter of the fiber optic
cable is in between 0.25 and
0.5mm

7. Types of optical fibers
Single mode fibers:
Transmits one signal per fiber
It is used in telephone and TV sets
Multi mode fibers:
Transmits many signals per fiber
It is used in computer and LAN

8. Photo Detectors:
It converts light signal back to an electrical signal.
There are two types
i) PN photo diode
ii) Avalanche Photo diode
Composition of materials vary based on application’s wavelength
(Silicon, Germanium, InGaAs, etc.)

9. Overview of fiber optic communication

10. Working:
A fiber optic communication network consists of transmitting and
receiving circuitry, a light source and detector devices.
When the electrical signal is given as input, it converts them into light
signal with the help of a light source in the transmitter circuitry.
The light beam from the source is carried by a fiber optic cable to the
destination circuitry wherein the information is transmitted back to
the electrical signal by a receiver circuit.

11. Receiver Circuit:
The receiver circuit consists of a photo detector along with an
appropriate electronic circuit.
The photo detector is capable of measuring magnitude, frequency
and phase of the optic field.
Both LED and Laser can be used as light sources based on the
application.

12. THANK
YOU