1) India has a population of over 1.2 billion people as of the 2011 census, with over 800 million living in rural areas and over 260 million working in agriculture. 2) Fertilizer production and consumption in India is significant, with over 15 million tonnes produced and over 25 million tonnes consumed annually to support agriculture and food production. 3) However, fertilizer use efficiency is relatively low in India, at 30-50% for nitrogen and 15-20% for phosphorus, due to issues like soil nutrient imbalances, lack of awareness on balanced nutrition, and poor crop management practices.

1. FERTILIZER AND THEIR USE IN
INDIA
Prepared by:-
GROUP VIII
SSC 411 (RAWE)

2. ( Million)
Population of India (2011 Census) 1210
Male 623.1
Female 587.5
Rural 833.5
Urban 377.1
Agricultural Workers 263.0
(Million ha)
Total Gross Cropped Area (20 10-11) 199.0
Net sown Area (2010-11) 141.6
Gross irrigated Area (2010-11) 89.4
Net Irrigated Area (2010-11) 63.6
GDP at Factor Cost (2012-13 Provisional
Estimates)
(Rs ‘000 Crore)
GDP Current Price 9461.0
Agri & Allied GDP Current Price 1644.8
GDP Constant Price (2004-05 Prices) 5505.4
Agri & Allied Sector GDP Constant Price
(2004-05 Prices)
753.6
Source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation

3. TYPE OF FERTILIZERS PRODUCED IN INDIA
Type of fertilizers Grade
Straight Nitrogenous
Ammonium Sulphate (AS) 20.6% N
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) 25% N
Ammonium Chloride 25% N
Urea 46% N
Straight Phosphatic
Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 16% P2O5
Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 46% P O
NP/NPK Complex Fertilizers
Urea Ammonium Phosphate 24-24-0
28-28-0
14-35-14
Ammonium Phosphate Sulphate 16-20-0
20-20-0
Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) 18-46-0
Mono Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) 11-52-0
Nitro Phosphate 20-20-0
23-23-0
Nitro Phosphate with Potash 15-15-15
NP/NPKs 17-17-17
14-28-14
19-19-19
10-26-26
12-32-16

4. ALLINDIA DEMAND FORECAST OF FERTILIZER PRODUCTS (THOUSAND
TONNES)
2012 -13 to 2016 -17
Year Urea DAP NP/NPKs SSP MOP*
2013-14 31192 11784 10577 4682 4343
2014-15 32029 12002 10861 5091 4492
2015-16 32858 12212 11142 5513 4643
2016-17 33677 12413 11420 5948 4793
2017-18 33754 12764 11841 6476 4934
1. * For direct consumption.
2. Source: Working Group Report on Fertilizer Industry for Twelfth
Five-Year Plan

5. Year 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Urea 199.2 211.12 218.81 219.84 225.75
DAP 29.93 42.46 35.37 39.63 36.47
Complex
Fertilizers
68.48 80.38 87.27 77.70 61.80
PRODUCTION OF UREA, DAP AND COMPLEXES
(In Lakh MT)

6. PRODUCTION, IMPORTS AND CONSUMPTION OF FERTILZIERS
(Thousand tones of nutrients)
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11
A
Nitrogenous
Fertilizers
Production 10634 11338 11354 11578 10899.8 10870 11900 12157 12259 12194
Imports 132 411 1385 2689 3706.5 3751 3447 4493 5240 3505
Consumption 11076 11714 12723 13773 14419 15090 15580 16558 17300 16820
B
Phosphatic
Fertilizers
Production 3631 4067 4221 4517 3806.7 3464 4321 4223 4104 3541
Imports 338 296 1122 1322 1391 3067 2756 3802 4427 2625
Consumption 4124 4624 5204 5543 5515 6506 7274 8050 7914 6653
C
Potassic
Fertilizers*
Imports 1548 2045 2747 2069 2653 3403 2945 4069 3335 1178
Consumption 1598 2060 2413 2335 2636 3313 3632 3514 2676 2062
D All Fertilizers
Production 14265 15405 15575 16095 14706.5 14334 16221 16380 16363 15735
Imports 2018 2752 5254 6080 7750.16 10221 9148 12364 13002 7308
Consumption 16798 18398 20340 21651 22570 24909 26486 28122 27790 25536
Source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation and Department of Fertilizers

7. CONSUMPTION
RATIO
NPK Consumption Ratio since 1985-86
Sl.
No. Year
NPK Ratio
1 1985-86 7.0 : 2.5 : 1
2 1986-87 6.7 : 2.4 : 1
3 1987-88 6.5 : 2.5 : 1
4 1988-89 6.8 :2.5 : 1
5 1989-90 6.3 :2.6 : 1
6 1990-91 6.0 : 2.4 : 1
7 1991-92 5.9 : 2.4 : 1
8 1992-93 9.5 : 3.2 : 1
9 1993-94 9.7 : 2.9 : 1
10 1994-95 8.4 : 2.6 : 1
11 1995-96 8.5 : 2.5 : 1
12 1996-97 10.0 : 2.9 :1
13 1997-98 7.9 : 2.8 : 1
14 1998-99 8.5 : 3.1 : 1
15 1999-00 6.9 : 2.9 : 1
16 2000-01 7.0 : 2.7 : 1
17 2001-02 6.8 : 2.6 : 1
18 2002-03 6.5 : 2.5 : 1
19 2003-04 6.9 : 2.6 : 1
20 2004-05 5.7 : 2.2 : 1
21 2005-06 5.3 : 2.2 : 1
22 2006-07 5.9 : 2.4 : 1
23 2007-08 5.5 : 2.1 : 1
24 2008-09 4.6 :2.0 : 1
25 2009-10 4.3 :2.0 : 1
26 2010-11 4.7 :2.3 : 1
27 2011-12 6.7 :3.1 : 1
28 2012-13 8.2 :3.2 : 1
Source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation

8. FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION VIS-A-VIS FOODGRAIN
PRODUCTION From 2008-09 to 2012-
13
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Foodgrain
Production
(In Million
MT)
2344.70 2181.10 2447.80 2592.90 2553.60*
Fertilizers
Consumption
in Nutrients
(in lakhs MT)
249.09 264.86 281.22 277.90 255.36
* 4th advance estimate

12. Fertilizer Sales trend in last 6 years

13. Depleting soil organic matter
Imbalance in fertilizer use
Emerging multi-nutrient deficiencies
Declining nutrient use efficiency
Declining crop response ratio
Negative soil nutrient balance

14. NPK Ratios across states in India for 2013
EAST SOUTH
Bihar 12.3 : 3.6 : 1 Andhra Pradesh 7.1 : 2.8 : 1
Orissa 6.2 : 2.4 : 1 Karnataka 3.6 : 1.6 : 1
West Bengal 2.9 : 1.6 : 1 Tamil Nadu 3.9 : 1.5 : 1
NORTH WEST
Haryana 61.4 : 18.7 : 1 Gujarat 13.2 : 3.4 : 1
Punjab 61.7 : 19.2 : 1 Maharashtra 3.5 : 1.8 : 1
Uttar Pradesh 25.2 : 8.8 : 1 Rajasthan 44.9 : 16.5 : 1

15. Nutrient Efficiency Cause of low efficiency
Nitrogen 30-50 %
Immobilization,
volatilization,
denitrification, Leaching
Phosphorus 15-20%
Fixation in soils Al – P, Fe
– P, Ca – P
Potassium 70-80% Fixation in clay - lattices
Sulphur 8-10%
Immobilization, Leaching
with water
Micro nutrients (Zn, Fe,
Cu, Mn, B)
1-2% Fixation in soils

16. Declining Fertilizer Response - Irrigated Areas
13.4
11
8.2
7
5.8
4.9
4.1 3.7
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Responseratio(kg
grain/kgNPK)

17. Reasons:
Inadequate and imbalanced fertiliser use
Increasing multi-nutrient deficiency
Lack of farmers awareness about balanced
plant nutrition
Poor crop management (Excess fertiliser
dose not be the substitute of poor
management)

18. Soil Organic Carbon Map
68%
24%
8%
Low
Mediu
m
High AP
60%
24%
16%
Low
Medi
um
High
Punjab
61%
27%
12%
Low
Medi
um
High
MP
50%
38%
12%
Low
Medium
High Maha
74%
18%
8%
Low
Medi
um
High West Bengal
73%
24%
3%
Low
Medium
High Karnataka
55%
24%
21%
Low
Med…
High UP
52%
25%
23%
Low
Me…
High
Bihar Over All India
Organic Carbon
Status
67%
25%
9%
67% of Indian Soil is having
lower organic Carbon
 Organic carbon status in all the major states is low
 West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka are the major states where organic carbon is low Source: Coromandel’s Internal Finding
OC test done - 3.4 lac samples

19. Suggested Medium term Strategy
 Use of optimal dose based on soil health status.
 Promotion of Neem-Coated Urea.
 Promotion of Micronutrients.
 Promotion of Organic Fertilizers.
 Promotion of Water Soluble Fertilizer under NHM.

20. Operational Issues
 Quality Control & Enforcement of FCO mandated standards.
 Strengthening of the enforcement measures to prevent
hoarding/ black marketing/ Smuggling /diversion of
subsidised fertilizers to non-agriculture use.
 Operationalisation of mFMS at the retailer level.
 Close Coordination with Suppliers and timely placement of
Indent with Railways.
 Collaboration in the Pilot Project for tracking & tracing of
fertilizers sales.

21. Thank you