Fertilizers undergo various chemical reactions in soil that determine their availability to plants. Nitrogenous fertilizers like ammonium sulfate and urea release ammonium ions through cation exchange or hydrolysis reactions. These ions can then be further transformed by soil microbes. Phosphate fertilizers like single superphosphate dissolve in soil water but can precipitate or react with soil minerals to form insoluble compounds depending on the soil pH. Potassium fertilizers like potassium chloride and potassium sulfate readily dissolve to release potassium ions for plant uptake. After application, the nutrients in fertilizers may be taken up by crops, react with the soil, leach below the root zone, or be lost through erosion, runoff or gas emission.
Classification of chemical fertilizers ⢠organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer ⢠Sources of Organic fertilizers ⢠Inorganic fertilizers ⢠Nitrogenous fertilizers ⢠Phosphate fertilizers ⢠Potassic fertilizers ⢠Secondary major-nutrient fertilizers ⢠Micronutrient Fertilizers ⢠On the base of physiological effect ⢠On the basis of physical forms ⢠Granular fertilizers
Classification of chemical fertilizers ⢠organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer ⢠Sources of Organic fertilizers ⢠Inorganic fertilizers ⢠Nitrogenous fertilizers ⢠Phosphate fertilizers ⢠Potassic fertilizers ⢠Secondary major-nutrient fertilizers ⢠Micronutrient Fertilizers ⢠On the base of physiological effect ⢠On the basis of physical forms ⢠Granular fertilizers
The colloidal state refers to a two-phase system in which one material in a very finely divided state is dispersed through second phase.
Eg., Solid in liquid (Dispersion of clay in water) and Liquid in gas (Fog or clouds in atmosphere).
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System is a new approach to interpreting leaf or plant analysis and a comprehensive system which identifies all the nutritional factors limiting crop production and increases the chances of obtaining high crop yields by improving fertilizer recommendations.
Principles of fertilizer application by vijay ambastVijay Ambast
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- Basic Principles of Fertilizer Application.
- Soil is the principle source of other nutrients.
- Primary nutrients(nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) are used in relatively large amounts by plants, and often are supplemented as fertilizers.
The colloidal state refers to a two-phase system in which one material in a very finely divided state is dispersed through second phase.
Eg., Solid in liquid (Dispersion of clay in water) and Liquid in gas (Fog or clouds in atmosphere).
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System is a new approach to interpreting leaf or plant analysis and a comprehensive system which identifies all the nutritional factors limiting crop production and increases the chances of obtaining high crop yields by improving fertilizer recommendations.
Principles of fertilizer application by vijay ambastVijay Ambast
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- Basic Principles of Fertilizer Application.
- Soil is the principle source of other nutrients.
- Primary nutrients(nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) are used in relatively large amounts by plants, and often are supplemented as fertilizers.
Sulfur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16 with atomic mass 32.065.
It is abundant, multivalent, brittle, yellow, tasteless, odourless and non-metallic element.
Sulfur is the tenth most common element by mass in the universe, and the fifth most common on Earth.
In the Bible, sulfur is called brimstone .
Today, almost all elemental sulfur is produced as a by product of removing sulfur-containing contaminants from natural gas and petroleum.
Most soil sources of S are in the organic matter and therefore concentrated in the top soil or low layer.
Under normal conditions, sulfur atom forms cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula S8.
Sulphur is the most abundent and widely distributed element in the nature and found both in free as well as combined states.
REDOX POTENTIAL MEASUREMENT AND ITS APPLICATION IN SOIL FERTILITYKARTHIKEYANB30
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What is mean redox reaction, How to measure redox condition in soil, Application of redox potential in nutrient management, Kinetics of pH, EC, Nutrients in soil
The Problematic soils are major constrain for agriculture. Understanding their properties in important for providing solutions. Sodic soils are one of them mainly found in coastal areas and Arid climate conditions. Further knowledge about management of sodic soils is necessary.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
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The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation âBlue Starâ is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar âDigital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?â on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus âManaging screen time: How to protect and equip students against distractionâ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective âStudents, digital devices and successâ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as âdistorted thinkingâ.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarâs dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireâs birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireâs society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER
Ammonical form (Eg. Ammonium sulphate â 20% N)
Nitrate form
Eg: NaNO3â 16% N
Both Ammonium- Nitrate
Eg: CAN â 20% N
Amideform
Eg:Urea -46% N
4. Reaction of Ammonium sulphate in soil
1. In Upland condition:
Cation exchange - NH4
+ displaces some other cations.
5. 2. In calcareous soil:
When (NH4)2SO4 applied as
Broadcast â losses of Nitrogen is appreciable
Drilled - losses of nitrogen is not appreciable
6. REACTION OF UREA IN SOIL
Urea undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis to produce
ammonium carbamate.
NH3 converted to NH4
+
Further reaction is similar to
Ammoniacal form
7. â˘High concentration of urea â combined toxic effect of
NH3 and NO2
⢠Higher concentration of NH3
increases
â˘Due to low population of Nitrobacter
inhibited
11. REACTION OF SUPERPHOSPHATE IN SOIL
Superphosphate applied to moist soil
⢠Dissolved in soil moisture
⢠Within short time gets precipitated
⢠SSP not leached from soil by Rainfall
12. REACTION OF SSP IN ACID SOIL
Combines with Fe and Al â forms insoluble phosphate
- becomes unavailable
13. REACTION OF SSP IN NEUTRAL AND CALCAREOUS SOIL
ďMonocalcium phosphate converted to Tricalcium phosphate
ďTricalcium phosphate converted to insoluble compounds like apatite
REACTION OF SSP IN ALKALI SOIL
ďśSSP reacts with sodium and forms monosodium phosphate
ďśMonosodium phosphate â highly soluble and become
available to plants
14.
15. REACTION OF POTASSIC FERTILIZER IN SOIL
Both KCl and K2SO4
â soluble in water
-on application in soil they ionize to K+, Cl-, SO4
2-
- available to plants
18. Fate of
applied
fertilizer
Taken up by the crop
Reacts with soil
minerals and
organic matter
Can leach from the
root zone with water
lost to the atmosphere
as a gas
Can move from
the field through
soil erosion and
water runoff
19. â˘REFERENCE :
â˘W. L. Lindsay ,H. F. Stephenson. Nature of the Reactions of Monocalcium Phosphate
Monohydrate in Soils: The Solution That Reacts with the Soil. Soil Science Society of
America Journal . Vol. 23 No. 1, p. 12-18
