This presentation discusses organic farming and water use efficiency. It introduces organic farming, noting its key principles focus on health, fairness, care for the environment, and ecology. Organic farming relies on techniques like crop rotation, composting, and biological pest control instead of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. The presentation outlines the benefits of organic farming, including reducing exposure to chemicals, building healthy soil, and environmental sustainability. It also discusses some disadvantages, such as potentially higher food costs and lower yields. Finally, it defines water use efficiency in agriculture and different types related to photosynthesis and biomass production ratios. Highlighting water use efficiency is important for adapting crops to water stress.

1. PRESENTATION ON ORGANIC FARMING AND
WATER USE EFFICIENCY
Presented to : Presented by:
Dr. Sunil Kumar Kareena Banga
(Dept. of Agriculture) M.Sc. Agriculture II
Roll no. : 9602

2. INTRODUCTION
 Father of Organic Agriculture :- Sir Albert Howard
(1873-1947).
 Term organic farming coined by :- Lord
Northbourne in 1940.
 Highest organic state :- Sikkim.
 National centre for organic farming :- Gaziabad

3. What is organic farming ?
• Organic farming is the form of agriculture that
relies on crop rotation, green manure, compost,
biological pest control, organically approved
pesticide application and control pest, strictly
limiting the use of synthetic fertilizers and
synthetic pesticides, plant growth regulators,
livestock and genetically modified organisms.

4. Principles of organic farming :
• Health (like healthy soil produce healthy crops
and foster health of animals and people)
• Fairness (environment and life opportunity)
• Care (protect the well being of current and
future generations and the environment)
• Ecology (based on living ecological systems
and cycles)

5. Need of organic farming :
• The need for organic farming in India arises
from the un-sustainability of agriculture
production and the damage caused to ecology
through the conventional farming practices.
• The science and technology have helped man
to increase agricultural production from the
natural resources like land.
• Environmental sustainability and food security.

6. Benefits of organic farming :
• Reduced exposure to pesticides and chemicals.
• Builds healthy soils.
• Fighting the effect of global warming.
• Supports animal health and welfare.

7. Types of organic farming :
Pure organic Integrated
farming organic farming
(includes use of organic manures (it involves integrated nutrient
and bio pesticides with complete management and pest management)
avoidance of inorganic chemicals
and pesticides)

8. Forms of organic farming :
• Biological/Natural pest and weed control.
• Composting.
• Mulching.
• Green manuring.
• Crop rotation.

9. ADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC FARMING
• Farmers can reduce their production costs
because they do not need to buy expensive
chemicals and fertilizers.
• Protects the environment.
• It can slow down global warming.
• More animals and plants can live in the same
place in a natural way.
• Pollution of ground water is stopped.

10. Disadvantages of organic farming:
• Organic food is more expensive because
farmers do not get as much out of their land
as conventional farmers do.
• Marketing and distribution is not efficient
because organic food is produced in smaller
amounts.
• Food illness may happen more often.
• Organic farming cannot produce enough food
that the world’s population needs to survive.

11. Yield and quality of rainfed cotton in response to organic manure under vertisol
Treatment Cotton yield (q ha-1)
Seed cotton Dry matter
T1 – FYM @5 t ha-1 15.61 37.65
T2 – vermicompost @2.5 t ha-1 13.40 37.29
T3 – FYM @10t ha-1 18.06 46.31
T4 – vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 16.64 40.01
T5 – Insitu green manuring with sunhemp 13.68 35.05
T6 – castor cake @ 500 kg ha-1 18.87 45.91
T7 – FYM + GM with sunhemp 15.39 37.04
T8 – neem cake @ 500kg ha-1 19.00 45.84
T9 – FYM(5t ha-1) + neem cake@ 500 kg ha-1 18.23 44.68
T10 – Absolute control 2.80 11.72
SE(m)± 0.89 2.61
CD at 5% 2.66 7.76
Kumar et al 2017 Plant Archives 17 (1) : 412-416

12. WATER USE EFFICIENCY
• Water use efficiency refers to the ratio of
water used in plant metabolism to water lost
by the plant through transpiration

13. TYPES OF WATER USE EFFICIENCY
• Photosynthetic water use efficiency (also
called instantaneous water use efficiency),
which is defined as the ratio of photosynthesis
to the rate of transpiration.
• Water use efficiency of productivity (also
called integrated water use efficiency), which
is defined as ratio of biomass produced to the
rate of transpiration.

14. Why is water use efficiency important?
Water use efficiency is considered as an
important component of adaptation to water
stress , where the identification of genotypes
with high yield and high water use efficiency is
important especially for the developing
countries