Egg freezing, also known as oocyte cryopreservation, involves stimulating a woman's ovaries to produce multiple eggs, which are then extracted and frozen for future use through in vitro fertilization (IVF). The success rates of egg freezing depend on the woman's age, with younger women having higher success rates. While egg freezing is now considered a standard fertility preservation option, it does not guarantee future fertility and may require multiple cycles to obtain enough eggs. The document discusses the egg freezing process, impact of age on fertility, success rates based on age, pros and cons of egg freezing, and options for preserving fertility.
Role of Stem Cells in Obstetrics and Gynecology PracticeAsha Jain
Role of Stem Cells in Obstetrics and Gynecology Practice
Talk delivered at 4th Biennial International ISCSGCON 2021
on Febuary 13,2021 by Dr. Asha Jain
Role of Stem Cells in Obstetrics and Gynecology PracticeAsha Jain
Role of Stem Cells in Obstetrics and Gynecology Practice
Talk delivered at 4th Biennial International ISCSGCON 2021
on Febuary 13,2021 by Dr. Asha Jain
OVERVIEW
Aim
Definition
Prerequisites
Individualisation of patient.
Ohss free IUI. Clinic
{Strict cancellation of cycle if OHSS is suspected}
Newer trends
Sucess Rates in IUI with COH
PROGNOTIC FACTORS to increase Pregnancy Rates..& discussion
Ovulation Stimulation Protocols for IUI - Dr Dhorepatil BharatiBharati Dhorepatil
What are important factors to be considered important
Ovarian reserve
Previous ovarian response
Basic hormone profile
Role of LH
Trigger
Luteal phase support
Pregnancy rate/cycle
Dr Parul Katiyar discusses simple strategies to optimize clinical outcome of Intra Uterine Insemination (IUI). She talks about the importance of appropriate patient selection and choosing the correct stimulation protocol, among other factors.
Selection of an embryo from a large number of embryos and then placing it to the uterus is known as selective embryo transfer. This fertility preservation process is usually done after the process of IVF cycle and cancels the risks of spontaneous transfer of multiple embryos. Have a look at the detailed description of elective single embryo transfer in the following ppt.
ESHRE Guideline on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta invited to deliver a lecture on "RPL- ESHRE Guideline" in the Annual Conference of RCOG (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists) IRC (International Representative Committee) India East held on 20-21 May, 2023
OVERVIEW
Aim
Definition
Prerequisites
Individualisation of patient.
Ohss free IUI. Clinic
{Strict cancellation of cycle if OHSS is suspected}
Newer trends
Sucess Rates in IUI with COH
PROGNOTIC FACTORS to increase Pregnancy Rates..& discussion
Ovulation Stimulation Protocols for IUI - Dr Dhorepatil BharatiBharati Dhorepatil
What are important factors to be considered important
Ovarian reserve
Previous ovarian response
Basic hormone profile
Role of LH
Trigger
Luteal phase support
Pregnancy rate/cycle
Dr Parul Katiyar discusses simple strategies to optimize clinical outcome of Intra Uterine Insemination (IUI). She talks about the importance of appropriate patient selection and choosing the correct stimulation protocol, among other factors.
Selection of an embryo from a large number of embryos and then placing it to the uterus is known as selective embryo transfer. This fertility preservation process is usually done after the process of IVF cycle and cancels the risks of spontaneous transfer of multiple embryos. Have a look at the detailed description of elective single embryo transfer in the following ppt.
ESHRE Guideline on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta invited to deliver a lecture on "RPL- ESHRE Guideline" in the Annual Conference of RCOG (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists) IRC (International Representative Committee) India East held on 20-21 May, 2023
This ppt layout was developed by Don Yates and presented by fertility specialists. The seminar covered reproductive issues and was given on Jan 23, 2013. Audience included prospective patients and clinical staff.
Mark Perloe, MD Atlanta, 404-843-2229 Learn about the factors that can adversely affect fertility and the tests that can help pinpoint problems. Fertility treatment options including IVF and other high tech options are presented.
May occur very early on during the attachment or migration stages (No objective evidence e.g. –ve hCG)
May also occur at a later stage (+ve hCG) but process becomes disrupted
Definition: Refers to the failure of the embryo to reach a stage when an intrauterine gestational sac is recognized by ultrasonography.
Implantation failure can apply to patients undergoing ART and patients trying to conceive without any fertility treatment.
It is a separate entity from RPL
Orvieto et al - 3 failed IVF-ET cycles with good quality embryos transferred .
Zeyneloglu et al. - 3 unsuccessful IVF specifically with two embryos of high quality
Simon and Laufer - embryo & endometrium can both play an active role in RIF
Coughlan et al. suggest a more complete working definition taking into account maternal age, number of embryos transferred, and number of cycles completed.
They define RIF as the failure of clinical pregnancy after 4 good quality embryo transfers, with at least three fresh or frozen IVF cycles, and in women under the age of 40
RIF is a complex problem with a wide variety of etiologies / mechanisms/ treatment options.
Recommendations vary depending on the source of their problem. Perhaps the best and yet most complex answer is personalized medicine, a personal approach to each patient depending on her unique set of characteristics.
It would help to establish a set of standardized tests to use, in order to do a preliminary evaluation on each patient, which would then hopefully direct the approach of treatment for each individual couple.
This can be implemented when we have well designed studies that will help us to establish new protocols.
Example to help in PPT preparation for dissertation defense in medicine. This thesis was in PCOS and infertility management. Fresh versus frozen thawed ET in PCOS
- Infertility is a problem through out and increasing rates noticed.
- The successful birth of a “Test Tube Baby”, Louise Brown occurred in 1978 in Oldham General Hospital, U.K.
- Roberts G. Edwards; the physiologist who developed the treatment was awarded the noble prize in Medicine in 2010.
Invited lecture by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in the Scientific Session on "Embryo Transfer and Beyond " in the AICOG (All India Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology) at Kolkata, 2023
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
2. Agenda
Update on egg freezing
The process
How age impacts fertility
The success rates
The pros & cons
Best options
Your questions
FPNC (c) 2012
3. Egg Freezing Before
Considered experimental treatment
Not enough data to determine the outcome
for children born from frozen eggs
Pregnancy rates after IVF using slow-frozen
oocytes have traditionally been poor
– IR/Egg thawed 4.6% (Boldt, April 2005)
ASRM says not to be offered for fertility
preservation
FPNC (c) 2012
4. Egg Freezing Now
No longer considered experimental treatment
Data suggest children born from frozen eggs
are fine
Pregnancy rates seem similar to those of IVF
ASRM: Still not officially recommended for
“social” fertility preservation, due to limited
data
FPNC (c) 2012
6. Egg Freezing – Gathering the Eggs
(Egg Freezing A.K.A Oocyte Cryopreservation or
“OC”)
Basically the first part of an IVF cycle
Stimulate multiple egg production with injectable
hormones
Measure progress of stimulation with blood
samples and transvaginal ultrasounds
Extract eggs from the ovaries (light IV sedation,
needle extraction through vaginal wall)
FPNC (c) 2012
7. Egg Freezing – Freezing & Storage
Freeze (cryopreservation)
using Vitrification technique
Store eggs in computer
controlled tanks
Storage estimated to be
safe for about 10 years;
perhaps indefinitely
FPNC (c) 2012
8. Egg Freezing – Fertilizing the Eggs
Thaw eggs
Effects of freezing and
thawing require ICSI for
fertilization
Embryology lab monitors
embryo progress
Embryo transferred to
uterus via catheter
Pregnancy test in 2 weeks ICSI (Intracytoplasmic
Sperm Injection)
FPNC (c) 2012
9. Can Egg Freezing Insure Against
Age-Related Infertility?
FPNC (c) 2012
10. Effects of Age on Female Fertility:
Chance of Conceiving Each Month
22
20
18
16
14
12
% 10
8
6
4
2
0
20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
Age FPNC (c) 2012
11. Percentage Of Recently Married Couples
Who Delivered A Living Child By Age Of
Marriage – Ten Populations 1600-1930
100
94 91 85
80
70
Percent
60
40 48 36
43 40 35
20
17
0 4
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49
Age Group
Eventually Pregnant Pregnant The First Year
FPNC (c) 2012
Adapted using data from Menken J. Science. 1986; 23:1389.
12. Spontaneous Abortion Following
Documentation Of Fetal Cardiac Activity
Percent Spontaneous Abortion
30
20
20
15
10
4
0
0
<31 31-35 36-39 >39
Age
KE Smith. F&S. 1996; 65:35
FPNC (c) 2012
13. Maternal Age And Chromosomal
Abnormalities (Live Births)
Age Risk
20 1/526
25 1/476
30 1/384
35 1/204
40 1/65
45 1/20
Table adapted from Obstetrics: normal and problem pregnancies, third
edition. Edited by SG Gabbe, JR Niebyl, JL Simpson.
Churchill Livingstone, NY, NY. 1996, data from page 221. (c) 2012
FPNC
14. Increased Female Age Contributes to:
Lower rates of conception
Higher rates of miscarriage
Higher rates of chromosomal
abnormalities
FPNC (c) 2012
15. Success Rates with Frozen Eggs
are Age Dependent
Success rates with oocyte
cryopreservation via either slow-freeze or
vitrification appear to decline with
maternal age
This is consistent with the clinical
experience with fresh oocytes
FPNC (c) 2012
16. (BTW, Male Fertility Declines
with Age Too)
Instudies controlling for female age,
men older than 50 have pregnancy rates
23-38% lower than men under age 30.
Kidd SA. Fert Steril. 2001; 75:237.
Some studies suggest a correlation
between advancing male age and
increasing miscarriage rates.
FPNC (c) 2012
18. Egg Freezing – Considered Safe
Considered very safe with proper monitoring by
specialist (reproductive endocrinologist)
Possibly some discomfort, bloating during
stimulation
Mild to Moderate ovarian hyperstimulation
– ~8.5% (ASRM 2008), monitoring helps avoid this
Less than 1% experience any serious
complications, such as:
– Severe ovarian hyperstimulation
– Intraperitoneal bleeding
– Ovarian torsion
– Ruptured ovarian cyst
– Infection
FPNC (c) 2012
19. Egg Freezing – Considered Safe
A study of 200 infants born from 165 vitrified
oocyte pregnancies revealed no difference
in birth weight or congenital anomalies
among those born from vitrified oocytes
compared to children conceived after fresh
IVF.
FPNC (c) 2012
20. Egg Freezing – Considered Safe
A recent review of over 900 live births derived
from cryopreserved oocytes, principally using
slow-freeze, suggests there is no increased risk
of congenital anomalies compared to the general
US population.
Only about 1500 babies born worldwide from
frozen eggs – development of children must be
studied further to determine true outcomes
FPNC (c) 2012
21. Egg Freezing – Challenges
Not all eggs survive the freezing or thawing
– Eggs have high water content
– Freezing can damage the cell membrane
– Vitrification (rapid freezing) has reduced this
problem
– Requires high concentrations of cryoprotectant
Not all eggs will be likely to fertilize
Not all transplanted embryos will continue to
develop
FPNC (c) 2012
22. Egg Freezing – Challenges
Delayed pregnancy (40s)
– Patients in their 40s have a higher chance of
complications
More difficult for frozen eggs to fertilize;
ICSI required
ICSI may not deter transmission of
genetic abnormalities from sperm
Not enough data about storing frozen
eggs
FPNC (c) 2012
23. Egg Freezing – Cost Efficient?
Costs are similar to IVF:
– $9,850 for medical care and lab services
– Another $2,000-$6,000 for medication
– Long term cryopreservation about $600/year
Eggfreezing for “social” reasons is not
covered by insurance
FPNC (c) 2012
24. Drawbacks to Egg Freezing
No guarantee that fertility is safeguarded
May require several cycles to obtain
enough eggs for best chances
Short and long-term costs
Estimated that most women will never use
their frozen eggs
May increase the number of much older
parents
FPNC (c) 2012
25. In Support of Egg Freezing
Offers some control over reproductive
destiny
Can provide women ‘a backup plan’
Younger eggs have lower rates of
abnormalities
Considered as safe as IVF
Estimated success rates similar to IVF
FPNC (c) 2012
27. ART Pregnancy Rates Using Fresh Eggs
70
60
50
Percent
40
30
20
10
0
5
7
26
30
32
34
36
42
44
46
28
38
40
<2
>4
Patient Age
Art Cycles Live Births National Data
Own Eggs Donor Eggs FPNC (c) 2012
Per Transfer CDC 2006
28. Egg Freezing – Success Rates
Slow freezing – 2-10% per embryo transferred
Vitrification – data suggest that:
– 85% will survive thawing
– Success rates similar to IVF
45% pregnancy rate if eggs frozen before age 36
More data needed to determine with certainty
“There is good evidence that fertilization and
pregnancy rates are similar to IVF/ICSI with fresh
oocytes when vitrified/warmed oocytes are used
as part of IVF/ICSI in young infertility patients
and oocyte donors.” (ASRM 2012)
FPNC (c) 2012
29. FPNC 2010 Ongoing Pregnancy per
Embryo Transfer Procedure
PER PROCEDURE
2010 Ongoing Pregnancy per <35 35-37 38-40 41-42
Embryo Transfer Procedure Years Years Years Years
Fresh IVF with Own Eggs
(n=323) 44% 34% 34% 28%
Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET)
with Own Eggs (n=148) 41% 37% 36% 2/11
Fresh IVF with Donor Eggs All Ages
(n=29) 55%
This data showing ongoing pregnancy rates is not final, and has not yet been
reported to SART/CDC. Final “Live Birth” rates will be reported when the
outcomes for all ongoing pregnancies are known. FPNC (c) 2012
30. Egg Freezing – Success Rates
Best chance of success for one pregnancy:
– Women under 35
– 20 eggs frozen (may require multiple cycles)
– Still, NO guarantee of successful thaw,
fertilization, implantation, or live birth
FPNC (c) 2012
32. Can ART Make Up For Babies Lost By
Delaying Attempts to Conceive?
Begins Pregnant Not ART Total
Attempt % Preg Pregnant
At Age
30 91 9 - 91
35 82 18 4 86
40 57 43 7 64
Assume attempt 4 yr if <35, 3 yr if 35-40, 2 yr if >40;
2 cycles of IVF
Leridon. Hum Reprod 2004;19(7):1548-53.
FPNC (c) 2012
33. Best Defense Against Infertility:
Follow a Healthy Lifestyle
Maintain a healthy diet and weight
Moderate, regular exercise
Prenatal vitamins
Minimize caffeine
Avoid smoking and alcohol
Avoid / treat sexually transmitted diseases
FPNC (c) 2012
34. Key Messages
Prevent infertility by appropriate life choices
Plan your career AND your family
Don’t wait for perfection—there is never a
perfect time to start a family
Test your ovarian reserve
Seek expert help if any risk factors are
present
Know the facts about your reproductive life
FPNC (c) 2012
35. We appreciate your feedback.
Please use the evaluation form to share
your thoughts with us. Thank you!
Questions & Answers
FPNC (c) 2012
Editor's Notes
FPNC (c) 2012
FPNC (c) 2012
FPNC (c) 2012
FPNC (c) 2012
FPNC (c) 2012
FPNC (c) 2012
FPNC (c) 2012 Information about natural fertility rates associated with aging is difficult to determine today due to widespread use of contraception and limits on family size. In this compilation of data from 1600-1930 in women who used no form of contraception, a clear age-related decline in fertility was noted. Among women who were aged 40 or older when first married, nearly two-thirds were unable to ever have a child, a percentage much higher than for women who were younger when they married.
FPNC (c) 2012 The rate of pregnancy loss after clinical documentation of pregnancy also increases with age. In this study of 201 infertility patients undergoing ovulation induction (excluding women who had 2 or more miscarriages in the past), 20% of pregnancies miscarried after documentation of cardiac activity in women aged 40 or older, compared with a less than 5% rate of loss for women who are aged 35 or less. This high rate of miscarriage in older women is likely due to a higher incidence of aneuploidy in the embryos.
FPNC (c) 2012 Abnormalities in the oocyte associated with aging are the most likely explanation for the increased rate of chromosomally abnormal livebirths noted with advancing maternal age. The rate of chromosomal abnormalities is even higher at amniocentesis.
FPNC (c) 2012 Modest decreases in pregnancy rate were associated with advancing age of the male partner in this review. Significant changes were seen later for men than have been noted in women. There is no age at which a man cannot father a child. Given all of these findings, it can be concluded that age-related infertility is largely a problem that can be attributed to a decline in female fertility. It is unlikely that increasing age of the male partner explains much of the age-related decrease in fertility noted for women.