Assessent and radiology of distal end radius fractureSusanta85
distal end radius is a common fracture in elderly groups and also in young by high velocity trauma its assessment and radiology should know for its management
Assessent and radiology of distal end radius fractureSusanta85
distal end radius is a common fracture in elderly groups and also in young by high velocity trauma its assessment and radiology should know for its management
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
2. Proximal Femoral Fracture
Bimodal age distribution
Elderly
Majority
Low energy
Osteoporosis
Female
Major impact on costing of
Health care system
Young
High energy
Male
6. Garden Classification (1961)
I II
Applied to subcapital fractures
Type I & II
Undisplaced fractures if
internal fixed in good position
Union rate ~ 90%, AVN ~10%
I II
III IV
Type III & IV displaced & unstable
Difficult to predict complication
Non union rate >30%-40%
ANV as high as 40%
High degree of inter-observer
variation
7. Pauwels classification (1935)
High degree of inter and intra-observer variation
Preoperative angle has no correlation with the
subsequent incidence of complications
<30 30 - 70 >70
Stable
Unstable
8. AO Classification = 31
B1- subcapital fracture
B2 – transcervical fracture
B3 – subcapital fracture displace
classified according to displacement
valgus impacted position most stable
B1
B2
B3
9. Classification?
what does determine outcome?
displacement - undisplaced vs. displaced
stability - stable vs. unstable
valgus impacted are stable
11. Indication for fixation
Stable and undisplaced fracture: cannulated
screws – implant of choice
minimal exposure
parallel to allow compression
Internal fixation will result
in only 10% failure rate
13. Displaced & unstable fractures
Elderly patients (the majority)
High rate of failure for internal fixation
Joint arthroplasty gives most reliable
results
Early weight bearing
Early return to ADL training
Young patients
Internal fixation should be attempted
Arthroplasty could be a secondary
procedure
15. Summary
Prognosis is dependent on degree of
displacement and stability
Internal fixation is indicated for all
undisplaced (stable) fractures, and for all
fractures in young patients
Arthroplasty is indicated for displaced fractures
in the elderly
17. Proximal Femoral Fracture
Bimodal age distribution
Elderly
Majority
Low energy
Osteoporosis
Female
Major impact on costing of
Health care system
Young
High energy
Male
18. Anatomy
Trochanteric area about the insertion site of
the abductor musclulature
Region with generous blood supply
Nonunion and AVN <1%
19. Different between femoral neck and
trochanteric fracture
Intracapsular fractures
Treatment
mechanically based
Result biologically
determined
Extracapsular fractures
Treatment mechanically
based
Result mechanically
determined
20. Anatomy
159 degree
Pauwels 1935
Rydell 1966
The forces acting on the
hip in single –limb stance
amount to ~ three times
the body weight applied
at an angle of 159 degree
24. Principle of operative treatment
Reestablish the continuity of
bone between the head and
neck fragment and the shaft
and to place the fixation
device ―central‖ in the
femoral head
27. Fracture—geometry
Stable fracture
Posteromedial buttress remains intact or
minimally comminuted
Unstable fracture
Large segment of the posteromedial wall is
fractured free and comminuted
36. The Value of the Tip-Apex Distance in Predicting
Failure of Fixation of Peritrochanteric Fractures
of the Hip
Baumgaertner, Michael R; Curtin, Stephen L; Lindskog, Dieter M; Keggi, John M
The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery Am 1995; 77: 1058 - 1064
37. TAD
To describe the position of the screw
Sum of distance of tip of screw to apex of
femoral head on AP and Lat views after
correction made for magnification
Cut out No cut out
Age Mean 85
(67 – 95)
Mean 76
(19 – 100)
Cut out No cut out
TAD Mean 38mm
(28 – 48mm)
Mean 24mm
(9 – 63)
40. - biological reduction
- Very stable reconstruction
- weak implant
- open procedure
Non weight bearing
Partial weight bearing
Non sliding implant
41. -Biological reduction
- stable reconstruction
- strong implant
- semi-closed procedure
Direct full weight
bearing
Intramedullary / sliding implant
42. Conclusion
31-A1 (―stable‖) fractures might be
treated with any sliding device
31-A2 (―unstable―) fractures can be
treated either with an intramedullary
device which permits immediate full
weight bearing or a sliding hip
screw
If Extramedullary device implant-
protective weight bearing exercise
