The document provides guidance on caring for cows before, during, and after calving. It discusses isolating cows that are close to calving, monitoring for signs that calving is imminent, and what to do during each stage of the calving process. It also covers caring for the newborn calf, ensuring it receives colostrum, and general feeding and health practices for mother and calf in the days and weeks after birth.

2. Care & Management of Cow (animal) before during and After Parturation (Calving) Even though the Parturation is normal physiological process, it requires to take due care at all stages of Parturation by manager of the herd. Before Parturation: Turning cow into a loose box: To isolate from other animals, animal of advance pregnancy must be separated into calving box which must be cleaned & properly disinfected, bedded with clean, soft & absorbent litter Guarding Against Milk Fever:In advanced pregnancy stage high yielding & first calvers are susceptible to Milk fever. To avoid it, provide enough minerals especially calcium by bone meal in daily diet. Give large doses of Vit. D about a week period to calving. Avoid Milking:Prior to parturation which is likely to delay parturation by few hours. Watch for parturation signs:Signs to know primary stage of parturation which are udder becomes large, dislended, herd, depressed or hollow appearance on either side of tail head, vulva enlarged in size, thick mucus discharge from valva, and uneasiness of the animal.

3. During Parturation: Dilation Phase:Consists of the acts Le down & get ups, uneasiness due to labour pain, observe these acts from safe distance without making disturbances to animal. Parturation period:In normal case period is of 2-3 hrs while in first calving 4-5 hrs or more Observe from safe distance without disturbing the animal. Watch for presentation of Calf:The phase of expulsion of foetus, observe the appearance of water bag & its gradual emergence, bursting of it and appearance of fore feet with hoof & mouth. Normal presentation:Any deviation from normal presentation of calf occurs; the immediate help of veterinarian should be taken being care of Dystokia.

4. After Parturation: Expulsion of placenta / after birth: The placenta is discharged within 5-6 hrs. After calving in normal case while if not discharged within 6-7 hrs. Get the help of veterinarian and treat as per requirement. Supply Luke-warm drinking water to cow. When placenta expelled, prevent cow from eating. The placenta should be properly disposed off by burying in ground. Clean cow's body with clean & warm water with antiseptic. Supply moistened bran with crude sugar or molasses.

5. Care with regard to milking of cow: After Parturation when first milking, ensure that all blockages from teats removed. Cow may be milked three times a day until the inflammation disappears from the udder. Provide enough minerals i.e. calcium & phosphorus through diet & do not milk fully at a "time to avoid milk fever in high yielding cows Care with regards to feeding: Types of feeds provided - milk laxative, palatable &c nutritious. Suitable feeds - Wheat bran, oats, and linseed oil seeds. DCP & TDN of ration must be 16-18% & 70% respectively. 40-60 gms. Sterilized bone meal & 40 gm common salt may be adder', to grains. Succulent green, palatable fodders containing 50-60% legumes are suitable while amount concentrates should be increased gradually in three weeks.

6. Immediately after giving BIRTH: The Mother licks/ washes her newborn. This helps with mother–newborn bonding, and gives the newborn some "get up and go". The newborn then attempts to stand. This is followed by balancing, then experimenting with moving its legs, progressing to it’s 1st steps. The mother often positions herself so she can moo, baa ect to her infant, and so she can nudge her newborn towards her teats. The newborn will instinctively “put its mouth over” a teat that touches the side of its face (called the ROOTING reflex) Sucking IS a reflex in the newborn. The season "of birth" for these young ruminants is "nature designed" to fit in with their feed needs. Mothers need abundant feed to supply milk to their young. There needs to be adequate feed for her young once they are weaned. Calves, lambs, kids and fawn are all born as "monogastrics" ("nono" = one).. which enables them to digest a milk diet. As adults they are RUMINANTS, and digest pasture. (ect..) Part of rearing these young ruminants involves introducing them to diet that assists them to become a ruminant. Pasture provides all the essential "goodies" for health and growth. It's far less expensive than milk!!

9. The ruminant mother’s colostrum contains these needed antibodies. She “manufactures them” as the result of HER exposure to the diseases in the environment.

11. It is rich in the fat soluble vitamins A, D and E.

15. The calf is best maintained in an individual pen or stall or the first few weeks . This allows more careful attention to individuals . After about 8 weeks of age, it may be handled with a group

16. Thanking you