introduction to rate controlled drug delivery system , feedback & types of feedback regulated drug delivery system, example of each type of feedback regulated drug delivery system.
Description about a type of activation modulated drug delivery system, which a type of control drug delivery system.
Also, give a detailed description about each subclassification.
CrDDS is one which delivers the drug at a predetermined rate, for locally or systematically, for a prolong period of time.
Computational modelling of drug disposition lalitajoshi9
computational modelling of drug disposition is the integral part of computer aided drug design. different kinds of tools being used in the prediction of drug disposition in human body. This topic in the CADD explains the details about the drug disposition, active transporters and tools.
Description about a type of activation modulated drug delivery system, which a type of control drug delivery system.
Also, give a detailed description about each subclassification.
CrDDS is one which delivers the drug at a predetermined rate, for locally or systematically, for a prolong period of time.
Computational modelling of drug disposition lalitajoshi9
computational modelling of drug disposition is the integral part of computer aided drug design. different kinds of tools being used in the prediction of drug disposition in human body. This topic in the CADD explains the details about the drug disposition, active transporters and tools.
rate control drug delivery system machenism Nirmal Maurya
rate control drug delivery system
including all machenism with figures
Prepared by
NIRMAL MORYA
M.Pharma
Mob +91 7060346038
BBAU Lucknow
A Central University
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
2. CONTENT
1. Introduction of rate controlled drug delivery system
2. Rate controlled drug delivery system classification
3. What is feedback regulated drug delivery system & its types.
(3.1)Bioerosion & example
(3.2)Bioresponsive & example
(3.3)Self regulating & example
4. References
2
3. 1. INTRODUCTION TO RATE CONTROLLED
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
In conventional drug delivery system, there are many problems in maintaining
the dose in therapeutic window due to fluctuation in drug dose level.
To overcome such, researchers devolped a system called as controlled drug
delivery system .
Control release is one where drug release of drug is at predetermined rate to
maintain constant drug concentration for specific period of time.
3
4. 2.RATE CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
CLASSIFICATION
A. RATE PREPROGRAMMED DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM.
B. ACTIVATION MODULATED DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM
C. FEEDBACK REGULATED DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM
D. SITE TARGETTING DRUG DELIVERY STEM
4
5. 3.FEEDBACK REGULATED DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM
In this system, release of drug molecuules from delivery system is activated by
the triggering agent, such as biochemical substance in body by its concentration
via some feed-back mechanism.
It feedback-regulated system also it majorily have three systems::
1. Bioerosion regulated dds
2. Bioresponsive dds
3. Self regulating dds
5
6. (3.1) BIOEROSION-REGULATED DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM
Bioerosion-regulated dds was devolped
by heller & trescony by applying the
concept of feedback regulated dds.
In this, the system consist of drug
dispersed bioerodible matrix fabricated
from half ester such as poly (vinyl methyl
ether) which is coated with layer of
immobilised urease.
6
7. (3.1) BIOEROSION-REGULATED DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM
In a neutral pH, polymer erosion is very
slow, while in presence of urea, urease at
surface of drug delivery system
metabolizes urea to ammonia, which
cause increase in pH.
Increase in pH, leads to rapid
degradation of polymer matrix as well as
release of drug molecules from matrix.
7
8. (3.2) BIORESPONSIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Bioresponsive dds was devolped by horbett as a applied feedback
regulated dds.
In this system, the drug reservoir is contained in a device enclosed by
bioresponsive polymeric membrane whose drug permeability is totally
controlled by concentration of biochemical agent in tissue where the
system is located.
8
9. (3.2) BIORESPONSIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Example:
Devolpment of glucose triggered insulin
delivery system in which insulin
reservoir is encapsulated with hydrogel
membrane having NR2 group ( as given
in figure )
INR2 groups are neutral in alkaline
solution thus membrane is unswollen
and impermeable to insulin.
9
10. (3.2) BIORESPONSIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
As glucose as triggering agent penetrates into the
membrane, it gets oxidized enzymetically by glucose
oxidase entrappd in membrane to form gluconic acid.
The NR2 groups are then protonated to gotm NR2-
H+ & membrane leads to swell thus permeablity of
insulin molecule is possible.
Here, the amount of insulin delivered is the
bioresponsive to concentration of glucose penetrating
insulin delivery system.
10
11. (3.3) SELF REGULATING DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM
This system totally depends on reversible & competitve binding mechanism to
activate as well as release of drug.
Here, within a semipermeable membrane, drug reservoir is present, which gets
activated by membrane permeation of biochemical agent from thissue in which it
is located.
Kim was first to apply mechanism of reversible binding of sugar molecule by
lectin into design of self regulating drug delivery system.
11
12. (3.3) SELF REGULATING DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM
Example:
It first involve preparation of biologically active insulin derivatives in which
insulin is coupled with sugar component & this into insulin-sugar-lectin complex,
which is then encapsulated in semepermeable membrane.
As blood glucose diffuse into device & bind at sugar binding sites in lectin
molecules, it activate release of insulin-sugar dvts .
This dvts then diffuse out of device, and the whole amount of release is depend
on glucose oncentration. Thus self regulating drug delivery is achieved.
12
14. 1.SELF-REGULATED GLYCOSYLATED INSULIN
DELIVERY
A self-regulating insulin delivery system, based on the concept of competitive
binding between synthetic glycosylated insulin (g-insulin) and glucose to
concanavalin A (con A) ligand substrate, has been designed. The competitive
binding of the two ligands for the substrate regulates G- insulin release in relation
to the outside glucose concentration, while a polymeric membrane, serving as a
peritoneal implant pouch containing g-insulin and con A, is used to control the
permeability of glucose influx and g-insulin efflux. Mono-, di- and tri-sugar
substituted insulins have been characterized.
14
EXAMPLES FROM
ARTICLES
15. 2.FEEDBACK REGULATED DRUG DELIVERY
VEHICLE: CARBONDIOXIDE RESPONSIVE
HYDROGEL FOR ANTIDOTE
A possible approach to handling the harmful side effects of an analgesic
overdose, without losing its therapeutic potential, involves feedback regulated
delivery of an antidote. For example, overdose of morphine causes
hypoventilation, an inadequate ventilation to perform gas exchanges in lungs
leading to increased CO2 concentration in the blood. Taking advantage of CO2
as a toxicity marker, a hydrogel-based delivery vehicle containing dimethylamino
groups [poly(n,n-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) cross-linked by
trimethylolpropane tri- methacrylate] was designed. 15
16. Stimulus controlled swelling of these hydrogels in naloxone delivery is done. A
remarkable control over naloxone release was achieved against the concentration
of the biomarker.
The overall stimuli response of the gel could be enhanced further by
encapsulating carbonic anhydrase, a metalloenzyme known to catalyze the
reversible hydration of CO2. Thus, a feedback regulated drug delivery vehicle
based on toxicity biomarker strategy was modeled successfully, which has the
potential to mitigate risks associated with drug overdose.
16
17. 4. REFERENCES
Yie W. Chien “Novel Drug Delivery Systems”feedback-regulated Drug
Delivery System, PG NO.2, 33-37, 43, 44
Sung Wan Kim, Chaul Min Pai, Kimiko Makino, Leah A. Seminoff, David L.
Holmberg, Jeremy M. Gleeson, Dana E. Wilson And Eric J. Mack “Self-
regulated Glycosylated Insulin Delivery” Journal Of Controlled Release, 11
(1990) PGNO.193-201
Sunita S. Satav, Shreedhar Bhat, And S. Thayumanavan, “Feedback Regulated
Drug Delivery Vehicles: Carbon Dioxide Responsive Cationic Hydrogels For
Antidote Release” , Biomacromolecules ,11 (2010) PG NO.1735–1740
17