The document summarizes a seminar presentation about single shot vaccines. It discusses the concept of combining a prime antigen component with an adjuvant and microsphere component to provide prolonged antigen release from a single injection. The formulation and manufacturing of single shot vaccines is described, including the use of biodegradable polymers as adjuvants and microspheres. Potential factors affecting antigen release, advantages of economic benefits and improved compliance, and disadvantages like adverse effects and risks are highlighted.

1. Ashokrao Mane College of Pharmacy, Peth Vadgaon
Title of Seminar: Single Shot Vaccine
Subject: Drug Delivery System (DDS)
Academic Year: 2023-2024
Presented by:
Mr. Pratik P. Kudale
M. Pharm First Year
Department of Pharmaceutics
Guided by:
Dr. Sachin S. Mali
Professor and Head,
Department of Pharmaceutics
13/12/2023

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Concept
• Formulation and Manufacturing of single shot vaccines
• Factors affecting antigen release
• Adverse effects
• Advantages
• Disadvantages and risk

3. INTRODUCTION
• Single shot vaccines are given for preventing 4 to 6 diseases with only one
injection.
• To provide effective patient protection, many traditional vaccines requires
multiple injections, which results in a costly and inconvenient regimen.
• These disadvantages have spurred the development of single-shot vaccines
that can provide protection against infection with only one injection.

4. CONCEPT
• The single-shot vaccine is a combination product of a prime component
antigen with an appropriate adjuvant and a microsphere component.
• In order to increase the therapeutic efficiency of such vaccines, adjuvants
are used.
• Microsphere component that encapsulates antigen and provides the
booster immunizations by delayed release of the antigen.

5. • The microsphere component uses OctoVAX microsphere technology, which is
based on cross-linked modified dextran polymers.
• Dextrans are ideal polymers to form biocompatible hydrogels, Two major
advantages of dextran microspheres as protein delivery systems, that the particles
are prepared in the absence of organic solvents, and that degradation of the
microspheres does not result in a pH drop.
• Several different dextrans have been developed for hydrogel formation. One of
these dextran-based polymers is derivatized with hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate
(Dex-HEMA).

6. FORMULATION AND MANUFACTURING OF
SINGLE SHOT VACCINE
• VACCINE ADJUVANTS :-
• Adjuvants are the substances added to vaccines to help them work better. Adding an
adjuvant triggers the immune system to become more sensitive to the vaccine.
• NEED FOR ADJUVANTS :-
1. To increase the therapeutic efficiency.
2. They form depot of antigen at the site of inoculation with slow release of antigens.
3. It can improves the performance of vaccines by targeting the antigen to APC.

7. TYPES OF ADJUVANTS
• Gel types
Examples :- aluminum hydroxide, calcium phosphate.
• Oil emulsion and emulsifier Particulate based type
Examples :- liposomes, biodegradable microspheres.

8. BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS
• Biodegradable polymers are defined as polymers comprised of monomers
linked to one another through functional groups and have unstable links in
the backbone.
• Broken down into biologically acceptable molecules that are metabolized
and removed from the body via normal metabolic pathways.

9. TYPES OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS
• There are two types of biodegradable polymers. They are:-
1) Natural biodegradable polymers :-
Eg: Albumin, Collagen, Gelatin etc.
2) Synthetic biodegradable polymers :-
Eg: Aliphatic poly(esters), Pseudo poly aminoacid, etc.,

10. BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS AS
ADJUVANTS
• Biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactide-co-glycolic acids) is most
commonly used for vaccine delivery.
• This polymer is mainly required for controlled release of the drug from
polymer matrix.
• They target appropriate cell types to generate optimum response.
• These polymers develop formulation that can be used as non-invasive.

11. FACTORS AFFECTING ANTIGEN RELEASE
1. Polymer nature
2. Crystallinity
3. Method of preparation
4. Molecular weight of drug
5. Carrier size and morphology

12. ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Fever
• Pain around injection site
• Muscle aches

13. ADVANTAGES
• Economic
• With one Injection 4 to 6 Infections can be prevented.
• Patient compliance is Improved.

14. DISADVANTAGES & RISK
1. The primary risk associated with vaccines, especially vaccines that
utilize live organisms, is that the vaccine itself causes illness.
2. The vaccine may behave as a super antigen and over stimulate the
immune system.
3. Some individual may have an allergic reaction to the vaccines.