FDI IN INDIA :ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to direct investment by a company in a foreign country either by acquiring a company or expanding existing operations. FDI allows companies to take advantage of cheaper wages, tax incentives, and tariff-free access to foreign markets. The key advantages of FDI for India include job creation, technology and equipment transfers, and increased competition. However, FDI also presents some disadvantages like potential political influence from foreign companies, inflation, corruption, and threats to small Indian retailers. The document outlines FDI limits in various sectors in India such as defense, insurance, telecom, and petroleum.
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Adam Smith first proposed the theory of absolute advantage in his 1776 publication "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" as a rebuttal to mercantilism. The theory argues that countries should specialize in and export goods they can produce at a lower relative cost than other nations, and import goods that other nations can produce at a lower cost, resulting in more global production and wealth overall. An example shows that France has an absolute advantage in wine production while Japan has an advantage in clock and radio production based on their differing labor outputs.
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Dumping occurs when a company exports goods to another country at a price lower than what it charges in its own domestic market. There are three main forms of dumping: persistent, predatory, and sporadic. Companies dump goods to gain market share abroad, sell surplus production, expand their industry, and establish new trade relations. Dumping can positively increase supply but negatively hurt domestic industries in importing countries. Importing countries use tariffs, quotas, embargoes, and voluntary export restraints to counter dumping.
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This document summarizes the Cournot duopoly model of market competition between two firms. It explains that under Cournot's assumptions, the two firms will each capture 1/3 of the market share and settle at an equilibrium price point between the competitive and monopoly prices. The model involves the firms reacting to each other's output and price decisions in successive rounds until they split the market evenly. Some criticisms of the model are that it assumes costless production and does not allow for new firm entry or learning over time.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) brings several benefits to India including high investment for development, fulfilling technological gaps, exploiting natural resources, and developing economic infrastructure. The government of India has liberalized FDI policies in several key sectors including single brand and multi-brand retail, aviation, pension, insurance, and broadcasting. This allows for greater investment that can improve agricultural supply chains and provide farmers better prices, generate jobs, enhance consumer choice and quality, and boost small industries. However, FDI also presents disadvantages like potential job losses or over-reliance on certain industries.
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This document defines foreign direct investment and outlines some of the main theories, forms, strategies, and costs/benefits associated with FDI. It defines FDI as long-term investments involving control or influence over management. The key theories discussed are the MacDougall-Kemp hypothesis of capital moving from abundant to scarce economies, and industrial organization and location-specific theories. The main forms are greenfield investment, mergers and acquisitions, and brownfield investment. Strategies include firm-specific advantages and lowering costs. Benefits are factors of production, economic growth, and balance of payments, while costs include cultural influence and resource overuse.
Fdi
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to a controlling ownership in a business enterprise located in another country. There are different types of FDI including horizontal FDI where a firm duplicates activities abroad, vertical FDI where a firm performs different stages of production in different countries, and platform FDI to export to third countries. FDI can occur through wholly owned subsidiaries, share acquisitions, mergers and acquisitions, or joint ventures. Governments use incentives like tax breaks to attract more inward FDI.
Topic 1 notes
This document discusses entrepreneurship and its development in Malaysia. It defines entrepreneurship as starting new organizations or businesses in response to identified opportunities. The key points are:
- Entrepreneurship involves introducing innovative products/services and depends on the type of organization. Innovative entrepreneurs bridge entrepreneurship and economic growth.
- Successful entrepreneurs exhibit traits like persistence, initiative, problem solving, and commitment.
- The Malaysian government recognizes the importance of entrepreneurship and has implemented policies since independence to promote its development.
- Government agencies like SME Corp focus on strengthening infrastructure, building SME capabilities, and improving SME access to financing to encourage entrepreneurship in Malaysia.
Fdi in tradable_services___8211__final_report
This document provides a final report on an FDI research project conducted for the Northern Ireland Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment. The report examines the benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Northern Ireland's tradable services sector. Key findings include:
1) FDI can generate economic benefits like new jobs, output, technology, and skills as well as wider benefits to local suppliers and labor markets.
2) Recent global and UK FDI trends show growth in high-tech and business services. Emerging markets are becoming more prominent locations while the US and UK remain top recipients.
3) Case studies of Ireland, Sweden, and Poland found tradable services FDI was important to economic
Impact of FDI on Indian Entrepreneurship
This document discusses the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on entrepreneurship in India. It provides an introduction to FDI and outlines its current scenario in India. The document then discusses how FDI can both encourage and discourage the entry of domestic firms through demand creation and entry barriers. It also examines the relationship between FDI, economic growth, and opportunities/challenges for various sectors in India. The conclusion states that FDI is an important part of India's economic development when paired with improvements to infrastructure, human resources, and local entrepreneurship.
Fdi in india
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in India has steadily increased since economic liberalization began in 1991. The government has consistently eased regulations and opened new sectors to FDI to make India a more attractive investment destination and accelerate foreign investment. Major sectors that see FDI include infrastructure, automobiles, pharmaceuticals, services, railways, textiles, airlines, and chemicals. Investors can be individuals, companies, foreign institutional investors. FDI can follow the automatic or approval route depending on the sector and level of foreign ownership.
Effects of fdi and fii on indian economy
This document discusses the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) in the Indian economy. It defines FDI and FII, describes the types of FDI and its impacts. The document also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of both FDI and FII, and examines their growth in India over time. It analyzes sector-wise FDI inflows and concludes that FDI has played an important role in developing the Indian economy through financial stability, productivity growth, and employment generation.
Market Entry Modes: FDI & Collaborative Alliances
This document discusses and compares foreign direct investment and collaborative alliances as two modes for market entry. Foreign direct investment involves establishing foreign-based manufacturing facilities, which companies pursue to take advantage of cheaper labor costs, access new markets, and local government incentives. Collaborative alliances form relationships between organizations to link processes and increase performance, such as joint ventures that create new identities through partnerships. The document provides examples of each type of market entry like car companies using foreign direct investment and Sony partnering with Ericsson in a joint venture.
Public-‐Private Partnership in India: A Need for breakthrough in Whe...
Public-‐Private Partnership in India: A Need for breakthrough in Whe...Borlaug Global Rust Initiative
The document discusses the need for public-private partnerships in wheat production in India to boost productivity. It notes that while the public sector has established various research and extension organizations, wheat productivity remains low. The role of the private sector in wheat seed production and marketing has increased in recent years. However, marketing public varieties remains challenging for private companies due to competition and demand forecasting issues. The document advocates for complementary roles between the public and private sectors in research, distribution of public technologies, and marketing/extension. It provides an example of one private company, DCM Shriram Ltd., that has invested in wheat research and seen growing sales of its proprietary varieties in India.Me fdi and fii in india
FDI refers to foreign direct investment where an investor from one country makes a physical investment into building or expanding a business in another country. FII refers to foreign institutional investors who make short-term investments in a country's financial assets and securities markets. Some key differences are that FDI involves long-term physical investments while FII are short-term financial investments, FDI leads to technology transfer and skills development while FII only results in capital inflows, and FDI has a more direct impact on jobs and wages while FII does not. Both FDI and FII are important sources of foreign capital for India that can boost economic growth but also need to be regulated to avoid volatility and other potential issues.
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Impact of FDI on Indian Economy
Information about FDI in various sectors and what is FDI's impact on different sectors.
What is FII and how it differs from FDI.
ppt on fdi
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, particularly in the multi-brand retail sector. It provides definitions of FDI and foreign institutional investment (FII), and compares the two. It outlines the key facts about FDI in India, including major investing countries and cities. The document also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of allowing 51% FDI in multi-brand retail in India. Overall, it analyzes the history, patterns, and impact of FDI in India as well as how India's FDI compares to China's.
International business - FDI
This document summarizes foreign direct investment (FDI). It defines FDI as investment by a company in another country through ownership or control of foreign assets. There are three main methods of FDI: mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, and greenfield investments. The two types of FDI are horizontal, involving similar businesses across countries, and vertical, involving different stages of production across countries. India allows FDI through an automatic route or government route in sectors like agriculture, telecom, banking and manufacturing. The sectors attracting the highest FDI in India are services, construction, telecom, automobiles and pharmaceuticals. Benefits of FDI for host countries include technology, capital, management skills and employment,
Fdi
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It provides background on FDI, including its introduction in India in 1991. The key advantages of FDI for India are listed as economic growth, increased employment, superior products, and investment. Some sectors that attract significant FDI are infrastructure, automotive, retail, and technology. While there are also some disadvantages like limited jobs and loss of control, the document concludes that FDI provides more benefits to India given its developing economy through job creation, revenue growth, and higher quality goods.
Foreign Direct investment in India
The document discusses several theories of foreign direct investment (FDI):
- The product life cycle theory states that firms invest abroad in the maturity phase to export products and maintain monopoly power.
- The eclectic theory suggests that FDI occurs when ownership, location, and internalization advantages uniquely combine for a firm.
- Internalization theory holds that firms use FDI to balance markets and capture earnings across borders.
It also outlines the main routes for FDI approval in India - the automatic route through the Reserve Bank of India for certain equity levels and sectors, and the FIPB and CCFI routes for cases requiring government approval. Key sectors and countries contributing major FDI inflows to India are also highlighted.
FDI IN RETAIL SECTOR
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail involves cross-border investment by foreign companies in retail enterprises in India. The FDI policy allows 51% foreign investment in multi-brand retail and 100% in single-brand retail. Advantages of FDI in retail include job creation, exploitation of farmers, and reduced supply chain costs and wastage. However, there are also disadvantages like weakened domestic retailers and potential social issues. In 2014, the largest sources of FDI equity inflow to India were Mauritius, Singapore, and the Netherlands. India is an attractive market for FDI due to its large population and skilled workforce.
Foreign direct investment(fdi)
Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm directly invests in facilities in another country. FDI can be for production, marketing, services, R&D, or accessing raw materials. A firm engaging in FDI becomes a multinational enterprise. Key issues around FDI include why firms choose it over alternatives, what makes locations attractive, and the costs and benefits from the perspective of host and source countries. While FDI can benefit countries through jobs and investment, it also poses risks like loss of economic independence. Governments establish policies to restrict or encourage FDI based on these considerations. Overall, the document discusses the concept of FDI, factors influencing it, and perspectives of different stakeholders.
Factors affecting Foreign Investment in India.pptx
Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in India's economy. The document discusses various forms and determinants of FDI, as well as how it benefits both host and home countries. It provides details on India's FDI policies from the pre-liberalization era to recent reforms, and sectors that allow varying levels of FDI, from prohibited to up to 100% under automatic or government route. In 2023, total FDI inflows to India decreased from the previous year, with Singapore and Mauritius being the largest investors and Maharashtra the top recipient state.
Foreign direct investment
Foreign Direct Investment, FDI, FDI Inflow, Multi Brand Retailing, Constitution of India vs Business, Right to Business, Budget 2014
budget 2014, constitution of india vs business, fdi, fdi inflow, foreign direct investment, multi brand retailing, right to business
Fdi in india
This document provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It defines FDI and outlines the government's strategies toward FDI over time from being anti-FDI in the 1960s-1970s to becoming more pro-FDI after 1991. The document discusses the types of FDI and factors influencing FDI inflows into India. It also notes regional inequality issues and does a SWOT analysis of FDI in India's retail sector. Case studies on POSCO and comparisons of FDI between India and China are presented. In conclusion, the document analyzes the impact of FDI on the Indian economy.
Fdi revathy...
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in various sectors of the Indian economy such as aviation, broadcasting, insurance, and retail. It notes that India has become one of the most attractive destinations for FDI due to its growing markets, liberalized trade policies, and developing technology and infrastructure sectors. However, increasing FDI caps in certain industries like retail has also faced strong protests over concerns about impact on local businesses and jobs.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT.pptx
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to cross-border investment made by a firm or individual in business interests located in another economy. FDI creates long-term connections between economies and facilitates the transfer of technology and access to foreign markets. While FDI brings financial resources and skills, it also presents risks like reducing domestic investment and competition for local firms. India has improved its investment policies since economic liberalization and is now one of the top destinations for global FDI.
Foreign Direct Investment
This ppt tells gives basic information about FDI i.e Foreign Direct Investment. So you can gain basic idea anout FDI.
Fdi in india
Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves investing foreign funds into a business operating in another country. There are three types of FDI: horizontal, platform, and vertical. India progressively liberalized FDI between 1991-2000 by expanding the number of sectors eligible for automatic approval of up to 100% foreign ownership and removing many from requiring government approval. FDI provides benefits like infrastructure, expertise, reducing the current account deficit and stabilizing the rupee, but can also have disadvantages like destroying small businesses and increasing income inequality.
Foreign direct investment
Foreign direct investment into India can occur through an automatic route or approval route. The automatic route allows for investment in all sectors except those specifically prohibited or requiring approval. The approval route is required for sectors like extraction of titanium, publishing scientific journals, and pharmaceutical brownfield projects. Different sectors have different caps on foreign ownership percentages, with some requiring government approval above certain thresholds. Prohibited sectors for foreign investment include real estate development, lottery businesses, and cigarette manufacturing.
Impact of FDI in Retail Sector
The document summarizes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the retail sector in India. It notes that while FDI in retail can generate employment, increased investment, and benefits for customers through greater competition and variety, it may also displace unorganized local retailers and small businesses. A survey by the Confederation of Indian Industry found that most small and medium enterprises believe FDI in retail would increase their sales and new orders or contracts, though opinions were more mixed on impacts to employment.
Foreign direct investment
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) and its role in the retail sector in India. It notes that while FDI provides opportunities for economic growth, job creation, and benefits to farmers and consumers, it may also lead to an outflow of national revenue and negatively impact small businesses and labor. The example of China is provided, where FDI in retail grew dramatically from $19 billion in 1990 to $300 billion in 1999, uplifting the economy.
FDI- Isuues and Challenges
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, including what FDI is, reasons for FDI, India's history with FDI, sectors that allow FDI and in what amounts, issues and challenges with FDI in India, recent policy measures to increase FDI, and how FDI relates to India's "Make in India" campaign. It provides statistics on top investing countries in India and sectors that allow FDI from 0-100%. The conclusion states that India must address FDI issues with priority to liberalize policies and attract investment to support growth.
Fdi
Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when an individual or company in one country makes a direct investment into business operations in another country. There are several types of FDI including horizontal FDI which duplicates home country activities abroad, platform FDI which uses a destination country to export to a third country, and vertical FDI which moves production to different stages of the supply chain across countries. India has allowed 75-100% foreign investment in its telecom sector in order to attract an estimated $10 billion of fresh funds that can help lower financial burdens for telecom companies and the industry. However, foreign telecom companies may still be hesitant to enter due to risks of corruption, regressive policy changes being overturned in courts,
policy framework to promote FDI in India.
The document outlines India's foreign direct investment policy framework and the various regulations around FDI. It discusses the government body that regulates FDI policy, the different routes for FDI approval, and the sectors that allow varying levels of foreign investment either through automatic approval or via government permission. It also summarizes some of the recent changes made by the Modi government to liberalize FDI limits in certain key sectors like defence and railways.
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FDI IN INDIA :ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
- 1. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN INDIA :- ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES By : Akshay Jhavar & Abhijith Venugopal
- 2. CONTENTS •What is FDI ? •Advantages of FDI •FDI Limit in Different Sectors •Disadvantages of FDI
- 3. What is FDI ? Foreign direct Investement(FDI) is direct Investment by a company in production Located in another country either by buying a company in the country or by Expanding Operations Of an Existing Business In the country Why FDI ? To take advantage of cheaper wages in the country,Special investment priveleges Such as Tax exemption offered by the country, To gain tariff-free access to the markets of the country.
- 4. Advantages of FDI •Employment generation •Inflow of Technology & Equipment's •Increase Competition •Trade •Standard of Living
- 5. FDI LIMITS IN VARIOUS SECTORS :- SECTOR % OF FDI Defense Sector 26 % Insurance 49 % Telecom 100 % Tea Plantation 100 % Assess reconstruction Co. 100 % Petroleum & natural gas 49 % Commodity Exchanges 49 % Power Exchange 49 % Stock Exchange 49 % Credit Information co. 74 % Courier Service 100 % Single Brand Product Retail Trading 100 %
- 6. Disadvantages of FDI •Political Influence •Inflation •Corruption •Threat to Indian Retailers
- 7. THANK YOU !!