FAMILY PLANNING, CONTRACEPTION.pptx
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The document discusses various methods of family planning including their advantages and disadvantages. It describes the Pearl Index which measures contraceptive failure rates per 100 women-years. It outlines advantages like privacy and disadvantages like higher failure rates for the cervical cap. Intrauterine devices are discussed as well as permanent contraception methods of tubectomy and vasectomy. Eligibility criteria for female sterilization are provided, requiring clients to be ever-married, above 22 years old, and have at least one child over 1 year old.
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This document provides an overview of family planning. It begins with background on world population growth and demographics in Nigeria. Unchecked population growth can strain economic and environmental resources. Family planning aims to allow individuals to control fertility safely and effectively. The document then defines family planning and discusses various contraceptive methods like hormonal methods (pills, implants, injections), barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms), sterilization, and IUDs. It covers effectiveness, side effects, and considerations for different contraceptive options. The goal of family planning is to empower people to voluntarily achieve desired family size and spacing of births.
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This document discusses various methods of family planning. It describes natural family planning methods like withdrawal and calendar-based methods. It then discusses barrier methods like condoms, diaphragms, and spermicides. Intrauterine devices that contain copper or hormones are explained next. The document also covers hormonal contraceptives like oral contraceptive pills containing estrogen and progestin, and progestin-only pills, implants, and injectables. Advantages and disadvantages are provided for many of the methods.
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Emergency contraception methods include hormonal emergency contraceptive pills containing levonorgestrel or a combination of levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol, or insertion of a copper IUD. Levonorgestrel-only emergency contraception is more effective and has fewer side effects than the Yuzpe method. Emergency contraception is effective in preventing pregnancy when used within 5 days of unprotected intercourse but efficacy declines with increasing time between intercourse and treatment. Providing advance access to emergency contraception does not reduce use of regular contraceptive methods.
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2. Mothers should receive checkups on a schedule, with the first visit focusing on medical history, examination, counseling on hygiene, nutrition, breastfeeding and birth registration.
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2) May Impede Sperm Migration: Before a woman ovulates her cervix produces mucus through which sperm migrate to meet the ovum. The mucus also provides nourishment to sustain the life of the sperm. When a woman is under the influence of progestin the mucus thickens, which impedes sperm migration.
3) May Inhibit Implantation: If the Pill fails to prevent pregnancy with one of the first two actions, the union of the ovum with the sperm (conception) will result in the creation of human life. Five to six days later this new human being will attempt to implant in the endometrium (the lining of the uterus). The progestin component of the combination and mini pill causes the lining of the uterus to be thin, which makes it inhospitable to the newly conceived life. This leads to a chemically-induced miscarriage (abortion).
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The document discusses various methods of contraception, including their mechanisms of action, effectiveness rates, benefits, limitations, and medical conditions that may require caution or restrict their use. It provides details on barrier methods like male and female condoms, hormonal methods like combined oral contraceptives and progestogen-only pills, and long-acting reversible contraceptives. Guidelines from the WHO on appropriate categories of use for different medical conditions are also summarized.
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Family planning and birth control methods are important for controlling population growth in India. The key methods include natural methods like rhythm method and lactational amenorrhea, barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like oral contraceptive pills and injectables, and intrauterine devices. Each method has merits and demerits, and choosing the appropriate option depends on factors like effectiveness, side effects, cultural acceptance, and medical safety. Proper spacing of births and limiting family size to a desired number helps reduce poverty, illiteracy, and improve overall health and development.
Contraception.ppt for pharmacy students and their friends
New product dedisions provide a dear path to the business. New product development
astep by step process. A Complete idea is required behind new product.
1 1deal Generation: The development of a product starts with the concept and idea.
The remaining process is depending on that idea.
2 Screening of Idea: This step is cruial to ensure that unsuitable ideas, for whatever
reason, are rejected as soon as possible. Ideas need to be considered objectively,
ideally by a group or committee.
3. Concept Development and Testing: After having an idea, next is the sreening
stage. The idea should now convert into concept. It has depth information which can
be visualizing by the consumer.
4. Anaysis of business: After finalization of concept, a business case needs to be kept
algTStogether to consider whether the new service /product will be gainful.
2665.Product Development If the nev product is approved, it will be approved to the
2marketing and technical development step.
6. Test Marketing: Market testing (test marketing or) is different to consumer testing.
in that it introduces the product that follows proposed plan of marketing.
od7. Commercialization: When the concept has been tested and developed, final
0decisions are required to move the product to its introduction into the market.
8. Launch: A detailed plan of launch is required for this step. This is the important
stage for success of a product
New Drug Development
So In present business atmosphere, it is more important to take smart decisions for
business. Innovative approaches and new products can put an organization on proper
pathway and to make a big success if appropriately analyzed and executed. Make it simpler
(Fig.2.1).0
Following parameters should keep in mind for a better decision:
Analyzing existing service and product portfolio frequently.
Knowing the position of functions of business, projects of departments and
initiatives.
Understanding the distribution of funds and assessing efficiency.
Having understanding of market for new opportunities and possible competition.
2.B PRODUCT BRANDING, PACKAGING AND LABELLING DECİSIONs
2.8.1 Branding
Branding has its existence from ancient era. According to Nilson (2000), the first example
of branding is found in the oil lamps' manufacture on the Greek islands thousands of years
back. Brand elements are name, sign, term, symbol, design or distinguishing characteristics.
Brand is not only a graphical design or a logo; it is the unique identity of the product.
By American Marketing Association, Brand can be defined as name, term, sign, symbol
or design, or a combination of them intended to identijy the goods and services of one seller or
group of sellers and to diferentiate them from those of other sellersa54
Branding is a process, where a company generates loyalty among consumers in the
market. Brands are designed with a motive to communicate customers the reason for the
existence of their product. Brand should have a strong connection with customers;
Contraception presentation
The document discusses various methods of contraception and birth control. It notes that over 1 million teens became pregnant in 2000 in the US, with 512,000 giving birth. The effectiveness of different contraceptive methods is reviewed, including hormonal methods like birth control pills and implants, barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, and long-acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs. Risks of STDs are also addressed.
family_planning_presentation (2).pptx
This document discusses family planning and various temporary contraception methods, including natural and barrier methods. It defines family planning and contraception, lists the objectives of contraception, and outlines the scope of family planning services. It then describes several natural family planning methods like abstinence, lactational amenorrhea, and calendar/temperature methods. It also explains various barrier methods such as condoms, diaphragms, sponges, and caps. For each method, it provides details on mechanism of action, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of increasing awareness about the different contraceptive options available.
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Birth control methods.ppsm WITH POWERPLUGS effects download to see effects
Birth control methods.ppsm WITH POWERPLUGS effects download to see effects
Family Planning Methods by Dr. Sookun Rajeev Kumar
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Contraception.ppt for pharmacy students and their friends
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More from Dr. Anuj Singh
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Millennium Development. Goals (MDGs)
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Family Adoption Program and Family Survey Basics By Dr. Anuj Singh
The document discusses methods for assessing dietary intake such as the diet balance sheet method, inventory method, weighment method, and 24 hour recall method. It also explains the process, merits, and demerits of each method. The inventory and weighment methods are described in more detail, including how to conduct the weighment method over multiple days to get accurate intake measurements.
EPIDEMIOLOGY INTRODUCTION by Dr. Anuj.ppt
This document provides an overview of epidemiology including its history, definitions, objectives, and uses. It discusses how Hippocrates and John Snow helped establish epidemiology as a field through their studies of disease outbreaks. Key concepts in epidemiology are defined such as studying disease distribution, determinants, and applying knowledge to control health problems. The aims, objectives, and methods of epidemiology are described. The differences between clinical medicine and epidemiology are outlined. Finally, the various uses of epidemiology in healthcare management, understanding disease processes, public health practice, and clinical prevention are explained.
BASICS OF HEALTH RESEARCH AND ETHICS
This document discusses research basics and ethics. It defines research as a careful study or investigation to discover new facts or information. There are three main types of research: observational research involves hypothesis formulation; experimental research focuses on hypothesis confirmation; and analytical research is about hypothesis testing. The role of ethics in research is to protect research participants. Research studies require approval from an institutional ethics committee to ensure ethical standards are followed.
INAP Indian Newborn Action Plan.pptx
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Indian Newborn Action Plan (INAP). It was launched in 2012 to accelerate the reduction of preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths in India by 2030. The goals are to achieve single digit neonatal and stillbirth rates by 2030. It discusses the current trends showing geographical and rural-urban differences. The major causes of neonatal deaths are also provided. The document then describes the 6 strategic intervention packages of INAP covering preconception to postnatal newborn care. It highlights targets and principles of integration, equity and quality. Monitoring and evaluation are important components to track progress of the plan.
National Nutrition Policy: Dr. Anuj
The National Nutrition Policy aims to ensure access to safe, nutritious food for all Indians to promote health and prevent diseases. It was adopted in 1993 and takes a multi-sectoral approach, targeting vulnerable groups through both direct nutrition interventions and indirect development policies. The policy's implementation involves national and state-level coordination across sectors like agriculture, health, and education to achieve its goals of reducing malnutrition and improving nutritional status nationwide.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites that are transmitted by sand flies. Dr. Anuj Singh, an assistant professor in the Community Medicine Department at UIMS in Prayagraj, has expertise in leishmaniasis. The document provides Dr. Singh's name, title, department, and institution in relation to his knowledge about leishmaniasis.
WATER BORNE DISEASES DIARRHOEA
This document discusses water-borne diseases and their causes. It notes that over 3 million people die each year from water, sanitation, and hygiene-related issues. Water-borne diseases are caused by ingesting contaminated water and can be bacterial, viral, protozoal, or helminthic in nature. Examples include diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis. Other water-related diseases occur through contact with contaminated water like trachoma. Prevention requires access to safe drinking water, proper sanitation, hygiene education, and water treatment. If action is not taken, millions will continue to die from preventable water-borne illnesses.
Japnese Encephalitis JE by Dr. Anuj.pptx
According to recent reports, there are approximately 68,000 clinical cases of Japanese encephalitis globally each year resulting in over 20,000 deaths, primarily among children under 15 years of age. Major outbreaks of the mosquito-borne disease tend to occur every 2 to 15 years, intensifying during rainy seasons when vector populations increase. Over 375 million people in India are at risk of contracting Japanese encephalitis, mainly in rural agricultural areas where flooded irrigation is common. While the exact incubation period is unknown, symptoms generally develop within 5 to 15 days of infection, though many cases go unreported and result in inapparent infection. Prevention strategies include vaccination programs and vector control measures.
PEM LBW PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION LOW BITH WEIGHT
Public health nutrition aims to maintain optimal nutritional status in populations through prevention of nutrition-related illnesses. Low birth weight (LBW) and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are significant public health problems. LBW is associated with short and long-term health consequences. PEM results from inadequate food intake and infections and is measured by weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height. PEM prevention includes antenatal nutrition, breastfeeding promotion, immunization, and food supplementation programs. Early detection and treatment of PEM and infections are also important.
ENTERIC FEVER TYPHOID.pptx
Dr. Anuj Singh is an assistant professor in the department of Community Medicine at Uttar Pradesh Institute of Medical Sciences (UIMS) located in Prayagraj, India. The document provides Dr. Singh's name, title, area of specialty, and place of employment.
Tuberculosis, epidemilogy, investigation and treatment
Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs. Key tests for diagnosis include chest x-rays, sputum smear microscopy using Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and the Mantoux tuberculin skin test. Newer accurate tests are the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test and the CBNAAT test, which can detect TB infection and rifampin resistance within two hours. Treatment involves several first-line and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs over multiple phases, typically an intensive eight-week phase followed by a continuation phase of sixteen weeks. Management of drug-resistant TB also exists. Prevention involves BCG vaccination for childhood tuberculosis
Epidemiological traid.pptx
Dr. Anuj Singh is an assistant professor in the Community Medicine Department at UIMS in Prayagraj. His area of focus is on the agent, host, and environmental factors that influence health and disease. He studies how these three elements interact and impact human health.
IEC BCC
This document discusses information, education, and communication (IEC) approaches for health education. It describes IEC as a strategy used by Dr. Anuj Singh in his role at the Community Medicine Department at UIMS, Prayagraj. The document outlines both individual and group IEC approaches. Individual approaches include home visits, counseling, and printed materials. Group approaches involve discussions, demonstrations, role-playing, and various audiovisual media. The goal is to educate populations about communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Investigation of an EPIDEMIC.pptx
This document outlines the steps for investigating an epidemic:
1. Verify diagnoses of reported cases and confirm the existence of an epidemic by comparing current disease frequencies to past years.
2. Define the population at risk by obtaining maps of the area and counting the population.
3. Conduct a rapid search to identify all cases, characterize their attributes through epidemiological case sheets, and search for additional cases.
COLD CHAIN Dr Anuj.pptx
This document discusses India's large universal immunization program (UIP) that protects children against six vaccine-preventable diseases. It explains that vaccines must maintain safety and potency, which can be diminished if exposed to inappropriate temperatures. A cold chain system is essential to ensure the right vaccines reach people at the right place and time at the proper temperature conditions. The cold chain uses equipment like walk-in freezers, walk-in coolers, deep freezers, and ice-lined refrigerators to store and transport vaccines within the required temperature ranges while maintaining hold-over times during power outages. Proper temperature monitoring is crucial for vaccine effectiveness.
FAT LECTURE
This document discusses fats and cholesterol. It begins by listing the leading causes of death in 2022 as cardiovascular disease (696,962 deaths), cancer (602,350 deaths), and COVID-19 (350,831 deaths). It then covers topics such as the main sources and functions of fat, saturated vs unsaturated fats, cholesterol and lipoproteins, visible and invisible fats, and ways to measure and lower fat intake.
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ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
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Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidadeProf. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
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Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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FAMILY PLANNING, CONTRACEPTION.pptx
- 1. Family Planning Dr. Anuj Singh Asst. Professor Community Medicine Dept. UIMS, Prayagraj
- 9. Pearl Index • The Pearl Index is defined as the number of contraceptive failures per 100 women-years of exposure,
- 10. Pearl Index
- 23. ADVANTAGES: • The cervical cap does not contain any hormones • Can be used by persons who are breastfeeding • Offers privacy and control because it can be inserted before intercourse • When placed appropriately, the cervical cap is often not felt by either partner during sex. DISADVANTAGES: • Higher failure rate compared to other types of contraception, including the diaphragm. • Can increase risk of toxic shock syndrome (TSS). • Can increase risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). • Must be used with spermicidal cream or gel (i.e. Contragel). • Must be available at the time of, or inserted prior to sex. • Requires proper insertion technique which can be difficult for some people. • Does not protect against STIs • Cannot be used by people who are allergic or sensitive to silicone and/or spermicide. • Cannot be used during menstruation.
- 62. Eligibility Criteria for Female sterilization • Eligibility Criteria for Clients Undergoing Female Sterilization. • Clients should be ever-married. • Female clients should be above the age of 22 years and below the age of 49 years . • The couple should have at least one child, whose age is above one year, unless the sterilization is medically indicated.
- 63. Tubectomy
- 65. Vasectomy