Factoring is a financial transaction and a type of debtor finance in which a business sells its accounts receivable (i.e., invoices) to a third party (called a factor) at a discount. Factoring is commonly referred to as accounts receivable factoring, invoice factoring, and sometimes accounts receivable financing.
There are three parties directly involved: the factor who purchases the receivable, the one who sells the receivable, and the debtor who has a financial liability that requires him or her to make a payment to the owner of the invoice.
There are various types of factoring:
Recourse, Non - recourse, maturity and cross - border factoring.
Factoring is a financial transaction and a type of debtor finance in which a business sells its accounts receivable (i.e., invoices) to a third party (called a factor) at a discount. Factoring is commonly referred to as accounts receivable factoring, invoice factoring, and sometimes accounts receivable financing.
There are three parties directly involved: the factor who purchases the receivable, the one who sells the receivable, and the debtor who has a financial liability that requires him or her to make a payment to the owner of the invoice.
There are various types of factoring:
Recourse, Non - recourse, maturity and cross - border factoring.
This presentation covers Merchant Banking History; Categories; Services provided by them; Methods of placement; underwriting; Issue management & SEBI guidelines.
Receivables Management-Definition,Objectives Of Receivable Management,Factors influencing the size of receivables,Dimensions of Receivables Management,Collection Methods Used
One of the oldest forms of business financing, factoring is the cash-management tool of choice for many companies. Factoring is very common in certain industries, such as the clothing industry, where long receivables are part of the business cycle.
This presentation covers Merchant Banking History; Categories; Services provided by them; Methods of placement; underwriting; Issue management & SEBI guidelines.
Receivables Management-Definition,Objectives Of Receivable Management,Factors influencing the size of receivables,Dimensions of Receivables Management,Collection Methods Used
One of the oldest forms of business financing, factoring is the cash-management tool of choice for many companies. Factoring is very common in certain industries, such as the clothing industry, where long receivables are part of the business cycle.
Case Study (MIS in Finance) -- State Bank of India (TCS)Shabbir Akhtar
[ the presentation can be found at: http://slidesha.re/MIS-finance ] Case Study on State Bank of India used to present the effect of MIS (BaNCS by TCS) in Finance by Shabbir Akhtar for the subject Management Information System.
One of the oldest forms of business financing, factoring is the cash-management tool of choice for many companies. Factoring is very common in certain industries, such as the clothing industry, where long receivables are part of the business cycle.
CASE STUDY ON SBI
BRIEF EXPLAINATION OF THE CASE
POST-SBI-VRS SCENARIO
SBI-VRS is not as per expectation of management .. because
STRATEGIES FOR PROPER STAFF COST REDUCTION
Lessons from the case…
CONCLUSION
Understanding Invoice Discounting: A Complete Guide for BusinessesM1xchange
Invoice discounting is a popular financing option for businesses looking to improve their cash flow. It involves using unpaid invoices as collateral to obtain funding from a lender. This allows businesses to access cash quickly, without having to wait for customers to pay their outstanding invoices. In this blog post, we'll take a closer look at invoice discounting, how it works, and the benefits it offers to businesses.
Factoring Finance: A Quick Guide for Small Business OwnersM1xchange
Running a small business comes with its fair share of challenges, and one of the most significant of those is cash flow. Without enough cash on hand, it can be challenging to pay suppliers, employees, and other expenses. One solution that many small business owners turn to is factoring finance. In this post, we'll explore what factoring finance is and how it can benefit small business owners.
INTRODUCTION # HISTORY # MEANING AND DEFINITION # TERMINOLOGY USED # CHARACTERISTICS OF FACTORING # NATURE OF FACTORING # FUNCTIONS OF FACTORING # MECHANISM OF FACTORING # PARTIES TO FACTORING # TYPES OF FACTORING # COST OF SERVICES # ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF FACTORING
Factoring Services: A Smart Way to Improve Your Cash FlowM1xchange
Factoring services work as follows:
You deliver the goods or services to your customer and issue an invoice.
You sell the invoice to the factor and receive an advance payment, usually between 70% to 90% of the invoice value.
The factor takes over the responsibility of collecting the payment from your customer.
The factor pays you the remaining balance, minus the fee, when your customer pays the invoice.
Here, the financier extends funds at a discounted rate and charges a percentage of fees from the beneficiary. Subsequently, on the date of maturity, this business collects payments from its customers.
Introduction to factoring, history, introduction to act, important features of the act, rights, obligation, responsibility, penality, shortcomings of the act.
As a business owner, you may have heard about invoice factoring but aren't sure what it is, how it works, or whether it's a viable option for your business. Invoice factoring, also known as accounts receivable factoring or simply factoring, is a financing option that allows businesses to sell their unpaid invoices to a third-party company, also known as a factor, in exchange for immediate cash. In this article, we'll delve into the details of invoice factoring and answer some frequently asked questions.
Invoice Discounting: A Financial Strategy for Businesses
Invoice discounting is a financial tool utilized by businesses to enhance their cash flow. This method allows companies to access funds tied up in unpaid invoices before their payment due dates. Rather than waiting for customers to settle invoices, businesses can sell these invoices to a financial institution or a third-party financier at a discounted rate.
Research report on exceesive use of social media lead to mental health issuesHarsh Vardhan
It is a small research on "can excessive use of social media lead to mental health illness". It consists of the tools we used and types of research we used to conduct this research.
Can excessive use of social media lead to mental illnessHarsh Vardhan
It is a small research on "can excessive use of social media lead to mental health illness". It consists of the tools we used and types of research we used to conduct this research.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Meaning:
It is a debt-collection service where the factor purchases book-debts
of the client at a discount either with or without recourse.
When there is a credit squeeze in the company, it has to debt upon
the debt collection.
In such situation factors render good service.
3. Parties in Factoring:
There are 3 parties:
a) Factor: a person, an agent, or a firm which
renders the services of factoring.
b) Client: the company or the firm to whom the
factor renders his services of
factoring.
c) Debtor/Customer: a person or a firm who is in
debt to the client.
5. Features:
Invoice amount
Shifts Responsibility
Responsibility of maintaining credit sales ledger
Easy access
Strengthening the financial position
Service charges
Allows the client to concentrate on business.
Consultancy services
6. Mechanics of Factoring
The Client (Seller) sells goods to the buyer and prepares invoice with a
notation that debt due on account of this invoice is assigned to and must be
paid to the Factor (Financial Intermediary).
The Client (Seller) submits invoice copy only with Delivery Challan showing
receipt of goods by buyer, to the Factor.
The Factor, after scrutiny of these papers, allows payment (,usually upto 80%
of invoice value). The balance is retained as Retention Money (Margin Money).
This is also called Factor Reserve.
The drawing limit is adjusted on a continuous basis after taking into account
the collection of Factored Debts.
Once the invoice is honoured by the buyer on due date, the Retention Money
credited to the Client’s Account.
Till the payment of bills, the Factor follows up the payment and sends regular
statements to the Client.
7. Types of Factoring:
Full Service Factoring
Factoring with recourse
Maturity Factoring
Invoice Factoring
Bulk Factoring
Agency Factoring
Undisclosed Factoring
8. 1. Full Service Factoring: Factor provides various services in
a)Finance
b)maintaining sales collection
c)undertakes credit collection
d)offers protection against bad debts
2. Factoring with Recourse:
a) Customers are given 90 days payment period
b) If the customer fails to pay the debt amount, the factor charges
the client for the due amount.
c)Offers consultancy services
9. 3. Maturity Factoring:
a) Also called “collection Factoring”.
b) No finance is provided.
c) Involves appointment of expert personnel.
d) Deducts the service charges from amount collected.
4. Invoice Factoring:
a) Involves selling of invoices to the factor.
b) The business acts as a trustee to the factor.
c) The factor first pays out 80% of the face value of the invoices.
10. 5. Bulk Factoring:
a) The responsibility of maintaining sales ledger, collection of credit and
risk of bad debts rests with the client.
b) The factor provides 80% of the face value of selected invoices as
finance.
6. Agency Factoring:
a) clearly defined risks and responsibilities.
b) Clients maintains sales ledger and collects debts from the debtors.
c) Factor provides pre-payment service and protects the client against
bad debts.
11. 7. Undisclosed Factoring:
a) No direct sale to the customers.
b) At the time of delivery, goods are sold to the factor
for cash.
c) The factor appoints the business as its agent to
collect the debt.
d) The factor has no recourse in the case of bad debts.
12. Advantages:
To the client
a)Competitive credit terms
b)Accelerate the production cycle
c)Free from tensions
d)Efficient Working Capital Management
e)Assessing quality of debtors
f)Expansion of business
13. Advantages:
To the buyer:
a) Adequate credit facilities
b) Getting periodical statement from the factor
c) No affect on quality of goods, contractual obligations etc..
To the Factor:
a) improves the quality of advances of the banks
b) It is not at all a threat
c) It is a complementary to the banks
14. Disadvantages of Factoring
Expensive
Shrinks as Business Contract
Affects the customer relationship
Less control
15. Charges for Factoring Services:
Factor charges Commission (as a flat percentage of value of Debts
purchased) (0.50% to 1.50%)
Commission is collected up-front.
For making immediate part payment, interest charged. Interest is
higher than rate of interest charged on Working Capital Finance by
Banks.
If interest is charged up-front, it is called discount.
16. Factoring is not Suitable in the following
cases.
a) where large volume of cash sales take place.
b) Engaged in speculative business.
c) selling highly specialized capital equipments or made- to-
order goods.
d) where credit period offered to the buyers is more than
180 days.
e) where there is Consignment Sale or 'Sale or Return
arrangements'.
f) where sales are to the sister / associated companies .
g) where sales are to the public at large, etc.
17. OVERTRADING
Overtrading is a term in financial statement analysis.
Overtrading often occurs when companies expand their
own operations too quickly .Overtraded companies enter a
negative cycle, where an increase in interest expenses
negatively impacts the net profit, which leads to lesser
working capital, and that leads to increased borrowings,
which in turn leads to interest expenses and the cycle
continues. Overtraded companies eventually face liquidity
problems and/or run out of working capital.
18. Excessive buying and selling of stocks by a broker on an investor's
behalf in order to increase the commission the broker collects.
This situation has been known to arise when brokers are pressured to
place a newly issued security underwritten by a firm's investment
banking arm.
Also known as "churning".
A situation in which a company is growing its sales faster than it can
finance them. This usually leads to enormous accounts payable or
accounts receivable and a lack of working capital to finance
operations.
19. UNDER TRADING
Under-trading is the reverse of over-trading. It means
keeping funds idle and not using them properly. This is due
to the under employment of assets of the business,
leading to the fall of sales and results in financial crises.
This makes the business unable to meet its commitments
and ultimately leads to forced liquidation. The symptoms in
this case would be a very high current ratio and very low
turnover ratio. Under-trading is an aspect of over-
capitalization and leads to low profit.
20. CASE STUDY ON CBC
Factoring, or accounts receivable financing, provides companies with
advances and credit guarantees through the sale of their receivables.
CBC has worked with companies big and small, from start-ups to public
companies, to provide liquidity and to help manage their accounts
receivable bookkeeping and collection process on a with, or without,
notice basis to their customers.
The various commercial service programs offered by CBC are:
• Full Service Factoring
• Non-Notification Factoring
• Accounts Receivable Management
• Credit Services
• Letters of Credit
21. Full Service Factoring:
With the full service factoring program, CBC purchases
the invoices as they arise in the normal course of business.
In addition, CBC administers and collects receivables from
your customers. CBC provides regular and detailed
documentation outlining:
• Receipt of your invoices
• Advances
• Customer payments
• Other reports relating to sales ledger activity
Non-Notification Factoring:
CBC offers non-notification factoring, which provides you with
privacy and confidentiality. Through non-notification factoring, you
will not be required to tell your customers (the debtor) that their
invoices have been purchased.
22. Accounts Receivable Management:
CBC’s Accounts Receivable Management program handles your entire
accounts receivable process for maximum efficiency and transparency. Our
program covers the complete accounting and administration process, from
credit protection and collection services to cash application, bookkeeping and
reporting. Our professional accounts receivable managers give you the
outsourcing support that keeps overhead low, sales high and margins up.
Credit Services:
CBC allows you to outsource your credit services to enable you to
concentrate on running your business effectively, with the peace of mind
knowing that your customers are credit-worthy and pose no risk.
Through our Credit and Collection service, CBC:
• Screens your customers for credit worthiness
• Assumes full credit risk on approved sales
• Performs bookkeeping and collection work
With decades of experience and entrepreneurial spirit, CBC goes beyond
most factors and often is able to guarantee your customers’ financial
ability to pay when others will not.
23. Letters of credit:
A Letter of Credit can be the safest and fastest method toward obtaining
goods. Today many exporters require Letters of Credit prior to agreeing to a
transaction. CBC will work with its bank partners to issue Letters of Credit on
behalf of the importer (buyer) that guarantee payment to the exporter (seller)
upon the satisfaction of documentary requirements of the Letter of Credit.
Forfaiting Service:
• In trade finance, forfaiting involves the purchasing of receivables
from exporters
• The forfaiter will take on all the risks involved with the receivables
• It is different from the factoring operation in the sense that it is a
transaction based operation while factoring is a firm based operation
• Meaning, in factoring a firm sells all its receivables while in forfaiting,
the firm sells one of its transactions
Editor's Notes
Once you accept cash for your receivables, you give up a measure of control. For example, the factoring company could deny your ability to do business with a particular customer because of its poor credit history or rating, says Napolitano.