The foreign exchange market facilitates the conversion of one currency into another, allowing for the transfer of purchasing power between countries. It provides credit for international trade by enabling payments over a three month period. Additionally, the market allows participants to hedge against foreign exchange risk through forward contracts that set the exchange rate for a future transaction.

1. Functions of Foreign Exchange Market
Meaning:
Foreign exchange market is the market in which foreign currencies are
bought and sold. The buyers and sellers include individuals, firms,
foreign exchange brokers, commercial banks and the central bank.
Like any other market, foreign exchange market is a system, not a place.
The transactions in this market are not confined to only one or few
foreign currencies. In fact, there are a large number of foreign currencies
which are traded, converted and exchanged in the foreign exchange
market.
Functions of Foreign Exchange Market:
Foreign exchange market performs the following three functions:
1. Transfer Function:
The basic function of the foreign exchange market is to facilitate the
conversion of one currency into another, i.e., to accomplish transfers of
purchasing power between two countries. This transfer of purchasing
power is effected through a variety of credit instruments, such as
telegraphic transfers, bank draft and foreign bills.
In performing the transfer function, the foreign exchange market carries
out payments internationally by clearing debts in both directions
simultaneously, analogous to domestic clearings.
2. Credit Function:
It provides credit for foreign trade. Bills of exchange, with maturity
period of three months, are generally used for international payments.
Credit is required for this period in order to enable the importer to take
possession of goods, sell them and obtain money to pay off the bill.

2. 3. Hedging Function:
A third function of the foreign exchange market is to hedge foreign
exchange risks. Hedging means the avoidance of a foreign exchange
risk. In a free exchange market when exchange rate, i. e., the price of
one currency in terms of another currency, change, there may be a gain
or loss to the party concerned. Under this condition, a person or a firm
undertakes a great exchange risk if there are huge amounts of net claims
or net liabilities which are to be met in foreign money.
Exchange risk as such should be avoided or reduced. For this the
exchange market provides facilities for hedging anticipated or actual
claims or liabilities through forward contracts in exchange. A forward
contract which is normally for three months is a contract to buy or sell
foreign exchange against another currency at some fixed date in the
future at a price agreed upon now.
No money passes at the time of the contract. But the contract makes it
possible to ignore any likely changes in exchange rate. The existence of
a forward market thus makes it possible to hedge an exchange position.
Foreign bills of exchange, telegraphic transfer, bank draft, letter of
credit, etc., are the important foreign exchange instruments used in the
foreign exchange market to carry out its functions.
4. Minimizing Foreign Exchange Risk:
The foreign exchange market provides "hedging" facilities for
transferring foreign exchange risk to someone else.

3. Conclusion
The foreign exchange market is merely a part of the money market in the
financial centers. It is a place where foreign moneys are bought and sold.
The buyers and sellers of claim on foreign money and the intermediaries
together constitute a foreign exchange market.
It is not restricted to any given country or a geographical area. Thus, the
foreign exchange market is the market for a national currency (foreign
money) anywhere in the world, as the financial centers of the world are
united in a single market.
There is a wide variety of dealers in the foreign exchange market. The
most important among them are the banks. Banks dealing in foreign
exchange have branches with substantial balances in different countries.
Through their branches and correspondents, the services of such banks,
usually called “Exchange Banks,” are available all over the world.
References
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/foreign-trade/foreign-exchange-
market-and-its-important-functions/26067/