Edward VI ruled England from 1547 to 1553. During his reign there were two main periods of government - under the Lord Protectorship of Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset from 1547 to 1549, and under the leadership of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland from 1549 to 1553. Somerset pursued a more cautious religious and social reform program while Northumberland advanced Protestant reforms more aggressively. Both faced some opposition, though the rebellions of 1549 posed a limited threat and lacked significant noble involvement. By the end of his reign, Edward had become confident and assertive in his role as monarch despite his young age.
Carlos III fue rey de España desde 1759 hasta su muerte en 1788. Gobernó aplicando las reformas del despotismo ilustrado para promover el desarrollo económico, como la creación de sociedades agrícolas y fábricas reales. Sin embargo, su intento inicial de reformas encontró oposición del clero y la nobleza que desembocó en el Motín de Esquilache en 1766. Posteriormente, ministros ilustrados como Aranda y Floridablanca continuaron proponiendo reformas económicas que finalmente no se implement
The document discusses the Mid-Tudor Crisis from 1540-1558 in England. It examines factors such as Henry VIII's legacy, problems of minority rule under Edward VI, religious changes, economic difficulties, and unrest. Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries, high spending on wars, and social and economic reforms disrupted the old order and contributed to problems faced by his successors in this tumultuous period of English history.
Durante el reinado de Isabel II en España (1843-1868), se establecieron las bases del Estado Liberal. El periodo conocido como la Década Moderada (1844-1854) se caracterizó por un gobierno conservador dominado por el partido moderado y por reformas como la Constitución de 1845, que reforzó el poder de la monarquía. Hubo también un concordato con la Iglesia católica y leyes que centralizaron la administración y redujeron el sufragio.
Tema 12 transformaciones económicas y cambios sociales en el s. xixRicardo Chao Prieto
Tema 12 de Historia de España para 2º de Bachillerato. Transformaciones económicas y cambios sociales en el s. xix. -Desamortizaciones.
-Industrialización y modernización de las infraestructuras.
-Crecimiento demográfico y cambio social. El movimiento obrero.
Elizabeth I was Queen of England from 1558 until her death in 1603. She never married but faced pressure to choose a husband from foreign princes like Philip II of Spain and the Duke of Anjou of France. Her half-sister Mary Tudor preceded her after their father Henry VIII disowned Elizabeth upon his death. Elizabeth faced significant religious tensions during her rule between Catholics and Protestants, and she was eventually excommunicated by the Pope. She defeated the Spanish Armada in the 1580s, cementing England's status. Elizabeth died childless at age 69 and was succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland.
Edward VI ruled England from 1547 to 1553. During his reign there were two main periods of government - under the Lord Protectorship of Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset from 1547 to 1549, and under the leadership of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland from 1549 to 1553. Somerset pursued a more cautious religious and social reform program while Northumberland advanced Protestant reforms more aggressively. Both faced some opposition, though the rebellions of 1549 posed a limited threat and lacked significant noble involvement. By the end of his reign, Edward had become confident and assertive in his role as monarch despite his young age.
Carlos III fue rey de España desde 1759 hasta su muerte en 1788. Gobernó aplicando las reformas del despotismo ilustrado para promover el desarrollo económico, como la creación de sociedades agrícolas y fábricas reales. Sin embargo, su intento inicial de reformas encontró oposición del clero y la nobleza que desembocó en el Motín de Esquilache en 1766. Posteriormente, ministros ilustrados como Aranda y Floridablanca continuaron proponiendo reformas económicas que finalmente no se implement
The document discusses the Mid-Tudor Crisis from 1540-1558 in England. It examines factors such as Henry VIII's legacy, problems of minority rule under Edward VI, religious changes, economic difficulties, and unrest. Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries, high spending on wars, and social and economic reforms disrupted the old order and contributed to problems faced by his successors in this tumultuous period of English history.
Durante el reinado de Isabel II en España (1843-1868), se establecieron las bases del Estado Liberal. El periodo conocido como la Década Moderada (1844-1854) se caracterizó por un gobierno conservador dominado por el partido moderado y por reformas como la Constitución de 1845, que reforzó el poder de la monarquía. Hubo también un concordato con la Iglesia católica y leyes que centralizaron la administración y redujeron el sufragio.
Tema 12 transformaciones económicas y cambios sociales en el s. xixRicardo Chao Prieto
Tema 12 de Historia de España para 2º de Bachillerato. Transformaciones económicas y cambios sociales en el s. xix. -Desamortizaciones.
-Industrialización y modernización de las infraestructuras.
-Crecimiento demográfico y cambio social. El movimiento obrero.
Elizabeth I was Queen of England from 1558 until her death in 1603. She never married but faced pressure to choose a husband from foreign princes like Philip II of Spain and the Duke of Anjou of France. Her half-sister Mary Tudor preceded her after their father Henry VIII disowned Elizabeth upon his death. Elizabeth faced significant religious tensions during her rule between Catholics and Protestants, and she was eventually excommunicated by the Pope. She defeated the Spanish Armada in the 1580s, cementing England's status. Elizabeth died childless at age 69 and was succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland.
El documento resume la situación de España en el siglo XVI durante el imperio de los Austrias bajo Carlos I y Felipe II. Carlos I heredó extensos territorios que enfrentaron revueltas internas y conflictos externos con Francia, los turcos y los protestantes. Felipe II consolidó el imperio español pero tuvo que lidiar con problemas internos como la rebelión de los moriscos y el príncipe Carlos, y conflictos con Portugal, Francia, los turcos y los Países Bajos. La demografía española creció pero luego decayó debido a gu
Este documento resume la historia de España bajo la dinastía de los Austrias durante los siglos XVI y XVII. En el siglo XVI, Carlos I y Felipe II expandieron enormemente el imperio español, pero también enfrentaron muchos conflictos internos y externos que debilitaron la economía española. En el siglo XVII, los monarcas delegaron cada vez más el poder en "validos" o ministros poderosos, lo que generó críticas pero también permitió ciertas reformas bajo el Conde-Duque de Olivares.
The document summarizes the political and economic turmoil in Germany following World War 1 and the Treaty of Versailles. It discusses the harsh terms imposed by the treaty, including war reparations and territorial losses. This created deep resentment in Germany and damaged the economy. In the early 1920s, hyperinflation crippled the country. The Nazis attempted to seize power in 1923 with a failed coup in Munich. Later in the decade, Gustav Stresemann helped stabilize the economy but the Great Depression caused another economic collapse, fueling further political instability and rising support for the Nazis.
The Industrial Revolution consisted of major economic, technological, and social changes that began in the late 18th century in Britain and spread throughout Europe and North America. Key factors that drove the Industrial Revolution included the Agricultural Revolution, which increased food supply and allowed more people to move to cities to work in factories; demographic changes including decreasing death rates and increasing populations; and new ideas of economic liberalism. The First Industrial Revolution saw the development of factories powered by steam engines and the rise of industries like textiles and iron production. The Second Industrial Revolution began around 1870 and featured new energy sources like electricity and oil, as well as new industries like steel and chemicals. The Industrial Revolution transformed societies from rural and agriculture-based to urban and industry
La regencia de María Cristina de 1833 a 1840 estuvo marcada por la guerra carlista y la lucha entre facciones liberales. Los carlistas, tradicionalistas, lucharon contra los isabelinos por la sucesión al trono. Mientras, los liberales moderados y progresistas se disputaron el poder mediante gobiernos que oscilaron entre reformas moderadas y más radicales, como la desamortización eclesiástica de Mendizábal. Finalmente, la regencia terminó con revueltas urbanas que forzaron a María Crist
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to various economic and social causes including high debts, an outdated feudal system, and Enlightenment ideas promoting liberty, equality and reason. The Storming of the Bastille on July 14th, 1789 marked the start of the revolution. Key events that followed included the formation of the National Assembly, the abolition of feudal privileges, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen establishing natural rights and liberties. The revolution deeply transformed French society and government.
The Glorious Revolution occurred in 1688-1689 in England, Wales and Scotland in response to King James II's Catholicism in a predominantly Protestant country. A group of Protestant nobles invited the Protestant Prince William of Orange to invade England with an army. William and his wife Mary were then crowned as joint monarchs. The revolution established Parliament's power over taxation and royal appointments, limiting the monarch's authority. However, its consequences were also negative, deepening political and religious divisions in Ireland and Scotland and fostering the growth of slavery.
Was there a Political Mid-Tudor Crisis?Michelle2309
Factional infighting threatened mid-Tudor monarchs as political groups put self-interest over loyalty to the crown. While rebellions occurred throughout the Tudor period, none succeeded in overthrowing the monarchy, which remained firmly in control. Mary I's marriage to Philip led to England's involvement in Spanish wars and the eventual loss of Calais in 1558 after over 200 years of English rule.
Henry Tudor declared himself King of England and Wales after the Wars of the Roses, taking Elizabeth of York as his wife to unite the houses of York and Lancaster. He faced problems with low funds, lawlessness, and the threat of invasion from Spain. Henry managed to make peace with Spain by marrying his son Arthur to Catherine of Aragon. After Arthur's death, Catherine went on to marry his brother Henry VIII. Henry VIII had six wives and broke with the Catholic Church when the Pope refused him a divorce, establishing the Church of England instead.
George I was the first monarch of the House of Hanover, becoming King of Great Britain in 1714 upon the death of Queen Anne. He spoke very little English and showed no appreciation for English culture, proving unpopular among the British people. During his reign, power began shifting from the monarchy to Parliament, marking the transition to a system of cabinet government led by a prime minister.
The Stuart monarchs from James I onwards quarreled frequently with Parliament, resulting in civil war. The only English king ever tried and executed was Charles I, a Stuart. This led to a republic led by Oliver Cromwell, which proved unsuccessful. The dead king's son Charles II was invited to return as monarch, but constitutional issues around Parliament's powers continued under James II, leading to the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and William and Mary becoming joint monarchs on the condition they accept Parliamentary supremacy.
El documento describe el Antiguo Régimen en Europa, caracterizado por una economía agraria y una sociedad estamental desigual. La mayoría de la tierra pertenecía a la nobleza y el clero, mientras que los campesinos no eran propietarios y pagaban numerosos impuestos. Aunque hubo desarrollo del comercio y la manufactura, la base económica siguió siendo la agricultura de baja productividad. La Ilustración surgió como movimiento crítico con este sistema, defendiendo la razón, la tolerancia y
El reinado de Isabel II entre 1843 y 1868 estuvo marcado inicialmente por la imposición de un régimen moderado conservador. El bienio progresista de 1854-1856 intentó introducir reformas liberales pero fracasó, dando paso a una crisis del sistema isabelino y una mayor inestabilidad política y social hasta 1868, cuando la Revolución de La Gloriosa derrocó a Isabel II e inauguró el Sexenio Democrático.
Timeline 19 (04) Six revolutionary years / Six democratic yearsanabel sánchez
The document summarizes Spain's political turmoil from 1868 to 1874, which saw the overthrow of the monarchy, establishment of the First Spanish Republic, and restoration of the Bourbon monarchy. The Republican government faced issues like the Carlist war and rebellions in Cuba and Cartagena during this volatile period. Ultimately, the monarchy was restored in 1874 with the return of the Bourbon dynasty.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: HITLER BECOMING CHANCELLOR BY 1933George Dumitrache
The document summarizes the rise of the Nazi party in Germany between 1930-1933, enabled by the economic crisis following the Wall Street crash. It describes how unemployment and economic hardship boosted support for the Nazis and Communists, with the Nazis receiving over 6 million votes in 1930, becoming the second largest party. Through tactics like gaining industrialist support, founding the SA and using mass propaganda, the Nazis saw their vote share increase further to 37% by 1932, though Hindenburg refused to appoint Hitler chancellor. Political instability followed until January 1933, when Hindenburg finally appointed Hitler chancellor with von Papen as vice-chancellor.
This document is a chapter summary about absolute monarchs in Europe between 1500-1800. It discusses the growth of absolutism in countries like Spain, France, central Europe, and Russia. Key figures discussed include Philip II of Spain, Louis XIV of France, Peter the Great of Russia, and Frederick the Great of Prussia. The chapter also examines how Parliament limited the power of English monarchs through events like the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution.
The document discusses the rise of fascism in Europe following World War 1 and the Great Depression. It describes how fascism first came to power in Italy under Mussolini after a period of social and economic instability. It then explains how fascist movements and governments also emerged in other countries like Germany under Hitler, Spain under Franco, and for a time in Australia. The document attributes the spread of fascism to issues like nationalism, economic troubles, and opposition to communism and socialism following World War 1.
The Bastille was a prison in Paris used by the king to imprison political opponents. On July 14, 1789, over 60,000 angry workers stormed the Bastille, capturing the governor and killing him. Though few prisoners were actually held there, this event showed that the king no longer had authority over the people and marked a key transition in power during the French Revolution. The storming of the Bastille had major long-term effects, weakening the nobility, transferring more power to the newly formed National Assembly, and inspiring further unrest that helped abolish feudalism in France.
Elizabeth I was born in 1533 in England to King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She became queen in 1558 at age 25 and faced many challenges during her reign, including wars with Spain and maintaining England's Protestant religious policies. Elizabeth established the Church of England which helped shape England's national identity and remained influential after her death in 1603 at age 69.
Henry VII established several governing bodies to effectively rule England. These included Parliament, which passed laws with the agreement of lords and commoners, and the Privy Council, which advised the King on matters of state. Henry also created councils to handle specific issues, such as the Council Learned in Law to ensure the King received all feudal dues. Local government was overseen by Justices of the Peace, who enforced the King's will, as well as regional councils like the Council of the North, governed by Margaret Beaufort, and the Council of the Western Marches. These governing bodies allowed Henry VII to centralize royal authority and effectively administer justice and collect revenues across England.
How Did Tudor Governments Respond To Rebellionlcust
Tudor governments responded to rebellions by trying to buy time until they could build up enough troops. They would offer pardons to rebels on the eve of battles to avoid costly and uncertain battles. Propaganda was used to urge rebels to desist, with preachers and letters appealing to rebels. Some monarchs also took preemptive measures like excommunicating rebels or restricting noble's powers. When necessary, governments raised troops from the nobility, though this was expensive. After suppressing rebellions, some rebels faced trials and executions while others received pardons or fines.
El documento resume la situación de España en el siglo XVI durante el imperio de los Austrias bajo Carlos I y Felipe II. Carlos I heredó extensos territorios que enfrentaron revueltas internas y conflictos externos con Francia, los turcos y los protestantes. Felipe II consolidó el imperio español pero tuvo que lidiar con problemas internos como la rebelión de los moriscos y el príncipe Carlos, y conflictos con Portugal, Francia, los turcos y los Países Bajos. La demografía española creció pero luego decayó debido a gu
Este documento resume la historia de España bajo la dinastía de los Austrias durante los siglos XVI y XVII. En el siglo XVI, Carlos I y Felipe II expandieron enormemente el imperio español, pero también enfrentaron muchos conflictos internos y externos que debilitaron la economía española. En el siglo XVII, los monarcas delegaron cada vez más el poder en "validos" o ministros poderosos, lo que generó críticas pero también permitió ciertas reformas bajo el Conde-Duque de Olivares.
The document summarizes the political and economic turmoil in Germany following World War 1 and the Treaty of Versailles. It discusses the harsh terms imposed by the treaty, including war reparations and territorial losses. This created deep resentment in Germany and damaged the economy. In the early 1920s, hyperinflation crippled the country. The Nazis attempted to seize power in 1923 with a failed coup in Munich. Later in the decade, Gustav Stresemann helped stabilize the economy but the Great Depression caused another economic collapse, fueling further political instability and rising support for the Nazis.
The Industrial Revolution consisted of major economic, technological, and social changes that began in the late 18th century in Britain and spread throughout Europe and North America. Key factors that drove the Industrial Revolution included the Agricultural Revolution, which increased food supply and allowed more people to move to cities to work in factories; demographic changes including decreasing death rates and increasing populations; and new ideas of economic liberalism. The First Industrial Revolution saw the development of factories powered by steam engines and the rise of industries like textiles and iron production. The Second Industrial Revolution began around 1870 and featured new energy sources like electricity and oil, as well as new industries like steel and chemicals. The Industrial Revolution transformed societies from rural and agriculture-based to urban and industry
La regencia de María Cristina de 1833 a 1840 estuvo marcada por la guerra carlista y la lucha entre facciones liberales. Los carlistas, tradicionalistas, lucharon contra los isabelinos por la sucesión al trono. Mientras, los liberales moderados y progresistas se disputaron el poder mediante gobiernos que oscilaron entre reformas moderadas y más radicales, como la desamortización eclesiástica de Mendizábal. Finalmente, la regencia terminó con revueltas urbanas que forzaron a María Crist
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to various economic and social causes including high debts, an outdated feudal system, and Enlightenment ideas promoting liberty, equality and reason. The Storming of the Bastille on July 14th, 1789 marked the start of the revolution. Key events that followed included the formation of the National Assembly, the abolition of feudal privileges, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen establishing natural rights and liberties. The revolution deeply transformed French society and government.
The Glorious Revolution occurred in 1688-1689 in England, Wales and Scotland in response to King James II's Catholicism in a predominantly Protestant country. A group of Protestant nobles invited the Protestant Prince William of Orange to invade England with an army. William and his wife Mary were then crowned as joint monarchs. The revolution established Parliament's power over taxation and royal appointments, limiting the monarch's authority. However, its consequences were also negative, deepening political and religious divisions in Ireland and Scotland and fostering the growth of slavery.
Was there a Political Mid-Tudor Crisis?Michelle2309
Factional infighting threatened mid-Tudor monarchs as political groups put self-interest over loyalty to the crown. While rebellions occurred throughout the Tudor period, none succeeded in overthrowing the monarchy, which remained firmly in control. Mary I's marriage to Philip led to England's involvement in Spanish wars and the eventual loss of Calais in 1558 after over 200 years of English rule.
Henry Tudor declared himself King of England and Wales after the Wars of the Roses, taking Elizabeth of York as his wife to unite the houses of York and Lancaster. He faced problems with low funds, lawlessness, and the threat of invasion from Spain. Henry managed to make peace with Spain by marrying his son Arthur to Catherine of Aragon. After Arthur's death, Catherine went on to marry his brother Henry VIII. Henry VIII had six wives and broke with the Catholic Church when the Pope refused him a divorce, establishing the Church of England instead.
George I was the first monarch of the House of Hanover, becoming King of Great Britain in 1714 upon the death of Queen Anne. He spoke very little English and showed no appreciation for English culture, proving unpopular among the British people. During his reign, power began shifting from the monarchy to Parliament, marking the transition to a system of cabinet government led by a prime minister.
The Stuart monarchs from James I onwards quarreled frequently with Parliament, resulting in civil war. The only English king ever tried and executed was Charles I, a Stuart. This led to a republic led by Oliver Cromwell, which proved unsuccessful. The dead king's son Charles II was invited to return as monarch, but constitutional issues around Parliament's powers continued under James II, leading to the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and William and Mary becoming joint monarchs on the condition they accept Parliamentary supremacy.
El documento describe el Antiguo Régimen en Europa, caracterizado por una economía agraria y una sociedad estamental desigual. La mayoría de la tierra pertenecía a la nobleza y el clero, mientras que los campesinos no eran propietarios y pagaban numerosos impuestos. Aunque hubo desarrollo del comercio y la manufactura, la base económica siguió siendo la agricultura de baja productividad. La Ilustración surgió como movimiento crítico con este sistema, defendiendo la razón, la tolerancia y
El reinado de Isabel II entre 1843 y 1868 estuvo marcado inicialmente por la imposición de un régimen moderado conservador. El bienio progresista de 1854-1856 intentó introducir reformas liberales pero fracasó, dando paso a una crisis del sistema isabelino y una mayor inestabilidad política y social hasta 1868, cuando la Revolución de La Gloriosa derrocó a Isabel II e inauguró el Sexenio Democrático.
Timeline 19 (04) Six revolutionary years / Six democratic yearsanabel sánchez
The document summarizes Spain's political turmoil from 1868 to 1874, which saw the overthrow of the monarchy, establishment of the First Spanish Republic, and restoration of the Bourbon monarchy. The Republican government faced issues like the Carlist war and rebellions in Cuba and Cartagena during this volatile period. Ultimately, the monarchy was restored in 1874 with the return of the Bourbon dynasty.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: HITLER BECOMING CHANCELLOR BY 1933George Dumitrache
The document summarizes the rise of the Nazi party in Germany between 1930-1933, enabled by the economic crisis following the Wall Street crash. It describes how unemployment and economic hardship boosted support for the Nazis and Communists, with the Nazis receiving over 6 million votes in 1930, becoming the second largest party. Through tactics like gaining industrialist support, founding the SA and using mass propaganda, the Nazis saw their vote share increase further to 37% by 1932, though Hindenburg refused to appoint Hitler chancellor. Political instability followed until January 1933, when Hindenburg finally appointed Hitler chancellor with von Papen as vice-chancellor.
This document is a chapter summary about absolute monarchs in Europe between 1500-1800. It discusses the growth of absolutism in countries like Spain, France, central Europe, and Russia. Key figures discussed include Philip II of Spain, Louis XIV of France, Peter the Great of Russia, and Frederick the Great of Prussia. The chapter also examines how Parliament limited the power of English monarchs through events like the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution.
The document discusses the rise of fascism in Europe following World War 1 and the Great Depression. It describes how fascism first came to power in Italy under Mussolini after a period of social and economic instability. It then explains how fascist movements and governments also emerged in other countries like Germany under Hitler, Spain under Franco, and for a time in Australia. The document attributes the spread of fascism to issues like nationalism, economic troubles, and opposition to communism and socialism following World War 1.
The Bastille was a prison in Paris used by the king to imprison political opponents. On July 14, 1789, over 60,000 angry workers stormed the Bastille, capturing the governor and killing him. Though few prisoners were actually held there, this event showed that the king no longer had authority over the people and marked a key transition in power during the French Revolution. The storming of the Bastille had major long-term effects, weakening the nobility, transferring more power to the newly formed National Assembly, and inspiring further unrest that helped abolish feudalism in France.
Elizabeth I was born in 1533 in England to King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She became queen in 1558 at age 25 and faced many challenges during her reign, including wars with Spain and maintaining England's Protestant religious policies. Elizabeth established the Church of England which helped shape England's national identity and remained influential after her death in 1603 at age 69.
Henry VII established several governing bodies to effectively rule England. These included Parliament, which passed laws with the agreement of lords and commoners, and the Privy Council, which advised the King on matters of state. Henry also created councils to handle specific issues, such as the Council Learned in Law to ensure the King received all feudal dues. Local government was overseen by Justices of the Peace, who enforced the King's will, as well as regional councils like the Council of the North, governed by Margaret Beaufort, and the Council of the Western Marches. These governing bodies allowed Henry VII to centralize royal authority and effectively administer justice and collect revenues across England.
How Did Tudor Governments Respond To Rebellionlcust
Tudor governments responded to rebellions by trying to buy time until they could build up enough troops. They would offer pardons to rebels on the eve of battles to avoid costly and uncertain battles. Propaganda was used to urge rebels to desist, with preachers and letters appealing to rebels. Some monarchs also took preemptive measures like excommunicating rebels or restricting noble's powers. When necessary, governments raised troops from the nobility, though this was expensive. After suppressing rebellions, some rebels faced trials and executions while others received pardons or fines.
The Lovell Rebellion of 1486 took place against King Henry VII and was led by Francis Lovell and the Stafford brothers. It failed because Lovell lost faith in their plan and fled, while the Stafford brothers lacked support and confidence. The rebellion established a precedent that sanctuary could not be used in cases of treason.
The Essex Rebellion of 1601 was led by Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex against Queen Elizabeth I after he lost favor at court. Essex planned to seize the Tower of London but only 300 supporters showed up. Lacking sufficient forces, the rebellion was crushed within 12 hours, demonstrating the strength of the Tudor regime. Both rebellions ultimately failed due to a lack
The Tudor Dynasty began with Henry VII taking the throne in 1485 after defeating Richard III at Bosworth Field. His son, Henry VIII, inherited a prosperous kingdom but oversaw England's split from the Catholic Church during his tyrannical reign from 1509-1547. Henry married six times and had three children who would become monarchs - Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I. Edward became King at age 9 but died young, followed by Mary's zealous restoration of Catholicism before the long reign of the Protestant Virgin Queen Elizabeth I.
This revision presentation introduces the concept of business ethics. The distinction between ethical and legal behaviour is examined as are the potential benefits and drawbacks of ethical behaviour. Some topical examples of business ethics in action are also provided.
Strategy refers to a plan of action to achieve a goal. A business model involves fundamental choices about how a company will operate, while a management model shapes specific practices. A mission is a company's underlying motivation, and a vision is what it wants to become. Stardoll is an online community for girls interested in fashion with over 16 million members. Its mission is to create a positive space for creativity and sharing passion for fashion, unlike violent games popular with boys. It generates revenue through sponsorships and virtual clothing sales.
Vancouver, BC – August 11, 2011. The British Columbia Real Estate Association (BCREA) reports that Multiple Listing Service® (MLS®) residential unit sales in the province rose 12.9 per cent to 6,533 units in July compared to the same month last year. The average MLS® residential price climbed 10 per cent to 540,877 last month compared to July 2010.
This document provides strategies for solving Str8ts puzzles, including:
- Identifying sure candidates based on the minimum and maximum possible ranges in a compartment.
- Using singles, naked pairs/triples/quadruples, and locked sets to eliminate candidates from other compartments.
- Applying techniques like compartment range checks, stranded digits, split compartments, minding gaps, and hidden pairs to further reduce candidates.
- The strategies can solve most Weekly Extreme puzzles on str8ts.com. Feedback on the document is welcomed.
The document summarizes the author's goals over the past 3 weeks to eat healthier and work out regularly. The author aimed to have a balanced diet with foods from each food group and focus on toning and building muscle mass at the gym for an hour a day, 5 days a week. After 3 weeks, the author achieved their goal of gaining 5 pounds and becoming more toned, reaching a weight of 175 pounds. The author was able to accomplish this through discipline, setting a daily schedule and routine for working out.
The document is a solution to a Sudoku puzzle that uses various logic techniques:
1) It initially sets D1=4 based on the "unique rectangle" rule to avoid duplicate solutions.
2) It notes that looking at a marked compartment, H4 and H6 must be 1 or 2 to avoid the number 8.
3) Later it finds that G3 cannot be 1 to avoid violating the "unique rectangle" rule again.
POV - Climate change solution for the airline industrySonata Software
The document discusses how the global airline industry is exploring ways to reduce carbon emissions and is vulnerable to climate change regulations. While aviation only accounts for 2-3% of total greenhouse gas emissions, its impact is estimated to be 2-4 times greater due to emissions at high altitudes. The UN has urged international organizations to agree on managing airline emissions. The document outlines strategies airlines could adopt under four pillars: technology, infrastructure, operations, and carbon offset programs. It also discusses the EU's emissions trading scheme and how Sonata can provide IT solutions to help airlines track and report emission data needed to comply with regulations.
Vancouver Real Estate December 2012 Stats Package REBGVMatt Collinge
VANCOUVER, B.C. – January 3, 2013 – The Greater Vancouver housing market experienced below average home sale totals, typical home listing activity and modest declines in home prices in 2012.
On October 6, 1995, the Massachusetts State Police commenced an investigation into the homicide of an unidentified female found shot in Tolland, Massachusetts near the entrance of the Tolland State Forest. Forensic evidence and clothing items found on the victim linked her to locations in the New York Capital District area and a similar unsolved homicide case in New Britain, Connecticut from September 28, 1995. Investigators believe the two cases may be linked and are asking the public for any information about the victims or homicides.
The document provides information and best practices for using different social media platforms like blogs, Facebook, Twitter, and email marketing as part of an integrated marketing campaign. It discusses setting goals and defining target audiences. It also provides examples of how to use video as a branding and marketing tool across various online and social media channels.
This document summarizes a listing for a historic 5 bedroom home located at 87 Canal Street in Fort Plain, New York. Built in 1853, the home has wood floors, high ceilings, tin ceilings, and built in cabinets. It is being listed for $49,900 and sits on a 0.64 acre lot. The home has potential for commercial uses in addition to residential and is described as charming with lots of historic significance.
This photo album contains images of a wolf, the number 5, something green, an arrow, something related to "westside", a group of 3 items or people, an advertisement, something you can sit on, a textbook, something seasonal, litter, something that can hold liquid, the word "exit", and an open door.
Take a look at the latest crime facts and statistics from the FBI and other agencies, so you can be prepared and stay projected.
http://www.supercircuits.com/resources/blog/learn-the-facts-about-crime
The document discusses the development of Parliament in England. It notes that Parliament began unofficially with the Magna Carta in 1215 and developed gradually over time in response to the political needs of the English monarchy. Modern Parliament is one of the oldest continuous representative assemblies in the world. It grew in power over centuries and eventually limited the power of the monarchy through acts like the Bill of Rights in 1689.
Charles I was tried and executed for treason in 1649 after the English Civil War. His death was controversial, with some viewing it as justified punishment of a tyrant while others saw it as the martyrdom of a monarch. Oliver Cromwell then ruled the new English Republic as Lord Protector, but he consolidated power through military force and ruled as a dictator, imposing harsh religious policies and invading Ireland and Scotland. Cromwell's legacy is complex, as he overthrew the king but then denied freedoms himself. The republican experiment in England was short-lived and ended with his death in 1658.
Thomas Cranmer was born in 1489 in Nottinghamshire, England. He attended Cambridge University and was ordained as a priest. In 1532, King Henry VIII appointed Cranmer as Archbishop of Canterbury to help facilitate the King's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. As Archbishop, Cranmer helped establish Protestant reforms in England through the Book of Common Prayer and Forty-Two Articles. However, after the death of King Edward VI in 1553, Cranmer was arrested for his Protestant beliefs. He recanted his beliefs under pressure but later disavowed his recantation and was burned at the stake for heresy in 1556.
To What Extent Was Good Leadership An Importantlcust
1) Good leadership was an important factor for successful rebellions against the Tudor monarchy. Having a royal claimant or member of the nobility lead gave the rebellion more legitimacy and authority.
2) Organizational skills were important for leaders. Successful leaders like Aske and Kett were able to unite different factions and command large numbers of troops.
3) Poorly organized rebellions lacked clear leadership, sufficient funding, and secrecy. Well organized rebellions like Aske's in 1536 recruited large armies across regions and established clear command structures.
The document provides information on the reign of King James I of England from 1603 to 1625. It discusses the main problems he faced as religion and parliament. It also describes the Gunpowder Plot by Catholic rebels in 1605 and James' attempts to gain Catholic support by having his son marry a Catholic. The document further outlines the reign of Charles I and the factors that led to the English Civil War between the Royalists and Parliamentarians from 1642 to 1651, with parliament eventually emerging victorious.
Oliver Cromwell the Protector and the English Civil WarPeter Hammond
Oliver Cromwell was a dedicated Puritan and military leader who played a pivotal role in the English Civil War and overthrow of the monarchy. As a member of Parliament, he helped dismantle the King's oppressive powers and supported religious freedom. Cromwell went on to select and train a highly disciplined New Model Army that proved victorious against Royalist forces. However, he opposed Presbyterian attempts to impose religious uniformity, believing in liberty of conscience. This led to further conflict and ultimately the trial and execution of King Charles I in 1649, with Cromwell establishing himself as Lord Protector afterwards.
King John is crowned as the English king in 1199. By 1214, he faces disagreements with English barons and lords. He must decide whether to hire mercenaries from France to fight against the nobles, meet with the nobles to discuss their disagreements, or stall for time to raise an army. The barons present the Magna Carta, which would limit the king's power and establish rights for nobles. King John must decide whether to reluctantly sign the document, have a temper tantrum and prepare for war, sign it while stalling for French mercenaries, or only agree to certain terms.
The document summarizes key events and developments in European history between the 16th and 18th centuries. It discusses the witchcraft trials of the 16th-17th centuries, the Thirty Years' War, revolutions in England including the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution, the wars of Louis XIV of France, the rise of Prussia under the Great Elector, and reforms in Russia under Peter the Great. These events helped shape the modern European state system based on Westphalia principles of national sovereignty.
The document provides information about key events and terms related to the English Civil War and Restoration period. It defines terms like Commonwealth, Regicide, Illegitimate son, and discusses figures like Oliver Cromwell and his treatment of Catholics in Ireland. It also explains differences between Tories and Whigs political groups, and events like the Glorious Revolution where William and Mary became monarchs chosen by Parliament rather than hereditary right.
This document discusses several important events and figures in history related to revolutions and the limitation of monarchial power: 1) The Magna Carta in 1215 limited the power of the English monarchy. 2) The Glorious Revolution in the British Isles saw William and Mary replace King James II and the English Bill of Rights changed the power of kings forever. 3) Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau, and Jefferson influenced revolutions through their philosophies on separation of powers, natural rights, social contracts, and democracy.
The Glorious Revolution; England's Bloodless Coup Peter McIntyre
The document discusses the events surrounding the Glorious Revolution in 1688, when William of Orange overthrew King James II of England. It summarizes that James II faced opposition from Protestants due to his Catholic leanings and attempts to establish Catholicism in England. When James had his son with his Catholic wife and it appeared there would be a Catholic dynasty, William of Orange was called to intervene by English Protestants and nobles. William landed in England and James fled. William and Mary were then crowned as joint monarchs, and a new English Bill of Rights was drafted that established limits on royal power and enshrined rights for Protestants.
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance period in England from 1485-1660, including key events such as the Wars of the Roses, rise of the Tudor dynasty under Henry VIII and his heirs, and religious reforms during this time. It discusses the main figures including Henry VIII and his six wives, his children Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I, as well as the shifting religious policies between Catholicism and Protestantism over the period.
William Wilberforce and the Campaign to End SlaveryPeter Hammond
This document provides background on William Wilberforce and his lifelong crusade to abolish the slave trade in Britain. It details how Wilberforce was inspired by his Christian faith to take on this cause, despite facing overwhelming opposition. After years of persistent effort, public awareness campaigns, and legal battles, Wilberforce succeeded in getting Parliament to pass acts abolishing the slave trade in 1807 and emancipating all slaves in the British Empire by 1833, just before his death. The document emphasizes Wilberforce's moral leadership and the role of his evangelical Christian faith in fueling his determination to achieve these landmark reforms.
William Wilberforce & The War Against SlaveryPeter Hammond
This document provides background information on William Wilberforce and his lifelong crusade to abolish the slave trade in the British Empire in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It describes how Wilberforce was inspired by his Christian faith to take on this cause, facing immense opposition from political and economic interests invested in the slave trade. It outlines the various organizations and reforms Wilberforce championed to help abolish slavery and promote moral betterment in society beyond just the slave trade.
During the period from 1560 to 1650, Europe experienced severe economic and social crises including inflation, population growth straining resources, and economic slowdowns. The population increased in the 1500s but declined in the 1600s due to warfare, plague, and famine. There was also intense witchcraft hysteria during this period, with over 100,000 people accused of witchcraft, the vast majority being poor, elderly women. By the late 1600s, witchcraft trials had declined as governments grew stronger and the old beliefs in evil spirits faded.
The Stuart dynasty began ruling England after Queen Elizabeth I, and kings James I and Charles I believed in the divine right of kings which Parliament opposed. Religious conflicts increased
This summary provides a concise overview of the key points about The Canterbury Tales in 3 sentences: The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer describes a group of 29 pilgrims traveling to Canterbury who each agree to tell stories on the journey. The work begins with a general prologue introducing each of the pilgrims from various social classes. Though unfinished, the tales provide insight into late medieval English society through Chaucer's use of an "estates satire" framework.
Similar to Factions and Henry VIII in the 1540s (17)
Richard I of England was fighting to maintain control over his French territories against King Philip II. Richard was generally successful through skilled military tactics, fortifying defenses, and strategic use of diplomacy. He formed alliances with the counts of Flanders and Toulouse by making concessions, depriving Philip II of allies. Richard's momentum grew as barons defected to his side, impressed by his military strength and finances. However, rebellions still occurred in Aquitaine and Richard had yet to fully regain control of the Vexin region from Philip II when he died.
Henry II controlled vast lands across Western Europe by 1154 through conquest and marriage, including England, Normandy, Anjou, Maine, Touraine, and Aquitaine, making him more powerful than the French king Louis VII. However, in the French lands Henry held, he was still a vassal of the French king. While Henry's territories were contiguous and much larger than those of Louis, in France he was technically subordinate to Louis as his overlord.
The 3rd Crusade was launched in response to Saladin's conquest of Jerusalem and defeat of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. King Richard I of England led the crusade, along with King Philip II of France. Richard conquered Cyprus on his way to Acre, where he helped lift a 2-year siege. Richard defeated Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf and negotiated a treaty allowing Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem, though the city remained under Muslim control. Richard then left for England but was captured due to conflicts made on his journey. While Jerusalem was not retaken, Richard secured coastal areas for Christians through military victories and negotiations.
The document describes the hierarchical power structure and society in medieval Europe. At the top was the king, who ruled by divine right. Below the king were lesser nobles and landholders, all owing allegiance to those above. Society was also stratified, with freemen, peasants, and serfs at the lower levels. The Catholic Church was a major landowner and provided education, with the Pope at its head. Both secular and religious authority were based on land ownership and military power. Regional differences within countries also posed governance challenges.
Before Henry II, the English legal system was decentralized with local courts handling most cases. Henry II centralized the system under the royal courts, establishing the Common Bench and increasing visits from royal judges to enforce standardized common law across the realm. He developed trial by jury and limited the use of violent trials like ordeals that had been used to determine guilt or innocence. Punishments remained harsh though, with mutilation or execution for serious crimes, and stocks or public humiliation for lesser offenses. Prison was rarely used as a punishment at this time.
Henry II took decisive action to restore stability to England after the disorder and anarchy of Stephen's reign. He broke the power of overmighty barons by demolishing illegal castles and defeating barons in battle, forcing them to surrender castles. Henry also reasserted royal authority by reducing the power of earls, developing towns loyal to the crown, and appointing able men to offices rather than just those of noble birth. Through military success, financial reforms, and weakening the barons, Henry was able to strengthen royal authority and bring peace back to England.
Henry II maintained control over his vast and disparate territories through an energetic and centralized government. He ruled England, Normandy, Aquitaine, and other lands directly using officials he personally selected and monitored. In more peripheral regions, he allowed greater autonomy to barons as long as they remained loyal. Henry was constantly traveling between his territories to collect dues, dispense justice, and ensure stable administration in his absence through trusted deputies like justiciars and seneschals. His charismatic personality and attention to detail helped him effectively govern this sprawling empire.
The document summarizes key reforms and developments to the English legal system under King Henry II in the late 12th century. Some key reforms included standardizing common laws, introducing writs to speed up the legal process, establishing regular circuits of royal judges to hear legal cases around the country, and developing the Assize of Clarendon which introduced new criminal offenses and punishments. The reforms aimed to make the legal system more uniform, accessible, and under tighter royal control.
The document discusses the functions and powers of Parliament in England during the reign of King James I. Parliament served to support royal power while also representing the people and standing for legal limits on the monarchy. It had largely negative powers, being able to refuse the King's decisions and restrict royal financing. Additionally, the document outlines the Crown's powers and prerogatives, including religious authority and control of the courts. It notes tensions that arose during James I's reign over his preference for Scottish nobles at court, stance on Catholicism, and conflicts with Parliament over taxation and his divine right to rule.
The document summarizes key reforms and developments to the English legal system under King Henry II in the late 12th century. Some key reforms included standardizing common laws, introducing writs to speed up the legal process, establishing regular circuit courts by royal judges to hear legal cases outside of London, and developing the Assize of Clarendon which introduced new criminal procedures like trial by jury. The reforms aimed to make the legal system more uniform, efficient, and subject to centralized royal authority. However, they also caused disputes with the Catholic Church over whether clergy could be tried in royal courts.
Cardinal Wolsey, the powerful favorite of King Henry VIII, fell from power due to a combination of factors:
- Wolsey's efforts to obtain an annulment of Henry's marriage to Katherine of Aragon in order to allow Henry to marry Anne Boleyn failed, angering Henry.
- Wolsey had also made enemies among the nobility through his close relationship with the king and dominance of government.
- When the opportunity arose for Wolsey's opponents, including the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk and Anne Boleyn, to bring him down over the divorce issue, they seized upon it, weakening Wolsey's position and ultimately causing his arrest and death.
The document discusses differing perspectives on the end of the Cold War and the fall of the Soviet Union. Some argue that pressure from Ronald Reagan and other Western leaders forced Mikhail Gorbachev's hand, while others credit Gorbachev's new political thinking and willingness to reform the Soviet system. A third perspective is that the Soviet Union was weakened by long-term economic issues and internal weaknesses in communism as an ideology, which made the system's collapse inevitable. The document explores these and other factors, like generational change in the Soviet people's attitudes, in analyzing what ultimately led to the end of the Cold War.
An overview, usuing mainly images, of who the alliance systems developed and changed over ww2. It also outlines some key issues that contributed to the start of the Cold War.
Napoleon utilized various battle formations and tactics to maximize his army's effectiveness against opponents. Traditional battle lines were slow and rigid, while columns allowed for faster movement but lacked firepower. Napoleon's preferred tactic was the Ordre Mixte, using flexible formations of lines and columns that could fire and charge as needed. Cavalry and artillery played important supporting roles, with light cavalry providing reconnaissance and heavy cavalry delivering devastating shock attacks. Napoleon was also a master of deception, misdirection, and exploiting weaknesses in opponents to gain strategic advantages on the battlefield.
The document summarizes the events leading up to the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 during the French Revolution. Tensions escalated as King Louis XVI dismissed minister Necker and brought more troops into Paris. Angry mobs raided stores for weapons and destroyed customs posts. The newly formed Commune and National Guard of Paris took control of the city's defense against threats from both the poor and the King. On July 14th, an armed crowd stormed the Bastille prison, capturing the governor and removing the hated symbol of royal despotism in Paris.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2. Start of Reign 1545
6’2” tall with 32” waist, broad
shouldered, slim hipped, athletic
The fount of our liberty, the end of our
sadness, the beginning of our joy Th More
6’2” tall with 54” waist, flabby jowls,
piggy eyes, obese, ulcerated leg,
migraines, possible brain injury
Hideously obese, black-humoured old
man … bloody handed tyrant R. Hutchinson
3. Reformists
Thomas Cromwell
Thomas Cranmer
Ascendant 1530s
o Wobble in 1539
o John Lambert
Represent what
conservatives disliked
Conservatives
Duke of Norfolk
Bishop Stephen Gardiner
Cromwell's downfall 1540
Oppose rise of new men
Oppose rise of
Protestantism
4. Defined number and seniority of office holders
o In Parliament and Privy Council
Vice-Gerent In Spirituals
o Cromwell had precedence over all peers of realm
Other great offices were also elevated
o Made many nobles and privy councillors in more senior
o Conservative faction benefited more than Reformists
HOWEVER … Cromwell redressed this to an extent
o Took leading position on Privy Council
o Persuaded Henry VIII to ennoble him
• But the earl of Essex survived only months…
5. Lambert’s
Execution
Act of Six
Articles
Changing
Balance of
Power
Cleves
Marriage
Accusations
of heresy
26.32-39.32
C O N S E R V A T I V E F A C T I O N
6.
7. How does Catherine Howard come across in this film?
How does Henry VIII come across in this film?
How accurate a portrayal is it? Explain
8. Vindictive bully?
o King in control and wielding power with an axe?
Or victim?
o Victim of plots and factions
o Manipulated by their intrigues
0% - Victim
of Intrigue
‘As Henry aged, the factional strife
around the throne intensified and
struggle was to be a constant feature of
government for the next seven years.’
100% -
p.35 text book
Tyrannical Bully
9.
10. Political machinations of Conservative Faction
o Cranmer promoted reformers, encouraged preaching
o Henry VIII’s religious views going in more Catholic direction
• 1543: Act for the Advancement of the True Religion
• The King’s Book
• Defending transubstantiation and Act of Six Articles
Henry VIII played the Conservative Faction
o Agreed Cranmer should be seized at Council and sent to Tower
o BUT Henry VIII gave Cranmer ring, indicating his full support
• Allowed plot to play out, and Cranmer presented the ring
Gardiner and supporters severely reprimanded
11. Norfolk behind plot
Believed Katherine dangerous influence on King
o Married July 1543
• 1543 – failure of Cranmer plot
• 1544 – English litany introduced (not compulsory)
• 1544 – John Cheke, Protestant, chosen as Edward’s tutor
Henry agreed with conservatives to investigate her
o But alerted her to Wriothesely’s investigations
o She promised to be guided by Henry VIII in religious matters
• Wriothesley sharply, publicly rebuked