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  
Unit 3 Bullet Point 2
 Start of Reign  1545 
6’2” tall with 32” waist, broad 
shouldered, slim hipped, athletic 
The fount of our liberty, the end of our 
sadness, the beginning of our joy Th More 
6’2” tall with 54” waist, flabby jowls, 
piggy eyes, obese, ulcerated leg, 
migraines, possible brain injury 
Hideously obese, black-humoured old 
man … bloody handed tyrant R. Hutchinson
Reformists 
 Thomas Cromwell 
 Thomas Cranmer 
 Ascendant 1530s 
o Wobble in 1539 
o John Lambert 
 Represent what 
conservatives disliked 
Conservatives 
 Duke of Norfolk 
 Bishop Stephen Gardiner 
 Cromwell's downfall 1540 
 Oppose rise of new men 
 Oppose rise of 
Protestantism
 Defined number and seniority of office holders 
o In Parliament and Privy Council 
 Vice-Gerent In Spirituals 
o Cromwell had precedence over all peers of realm 
 Other great offices were also elevated 
o Made many nobles and privy councillors in more senior 
o Conservative faction benefited more than Reformists 
 HOWEVER … Cromwell redressed this to an extent 
o Took leading position on Privy Council 
o Persuaded Henry VIII to ennoble him 
• But the earl of Essex survived only months…
Lambert’s 
Execution 
Act of Six 
Articles 
Changing 
Balance of 
Power 
Cleves 
Marriage 
Accusations 
of heresy 
26.32-39.32 
C O N S E R V A T I V E F A C T I O N
 How does Catherine Howard come across in this film? 
 How does Henry VIII come across in this film? 
 How accurate a portrayal is it? Explain
 Vindictive bully? 
o King in control and wielding power with an axe? 
 Or victim? 
o Victim of plots and factions 
o Manipulated by their intrigues 
0% - Victim 
of Intrigue 
‘As Henry aged, the factional strife 
around the throne intensified and 
struggle was to be a constant feature of 
government for the next seven years.’ 
100% - 
p.35 text book 
Tyrannical Bully
 Political machinations of Conservative Faction 
o Cranmer promoted reformers, encouraged preaching 
o Henry VIII’s religious views going in more Catholic direction 
• 1543: Act for the Advancement of the True Religion 
• The King’s Book 
• Defending transubstantiation and Act of Six Articles 
 Henry VIII played the Conservative Faction 
o Agreed Cranmer should be seized at Council and sent to Tower 
o BUT Henry VIII gave Cranmer ring, indicating his full support 
• Allowed plot to play out, and Cranmer presented the ring 
 Gardiner and supporters severely reprimanded
 Norfolk behind plot 
 Believed Katherine dangerous influence on King 
o Married July 1543 
• 1543 – failure of Cranmer plot 
• 1544 – English litany introduced (not compulsory) 
• 1544 – John Cheke, Protestant, chosen as Edward’s tutor 
 Henry agreed with conservatives to investigate her 
o But alerted her to Wriothesely’s investigations 
o She promised to be guided by Henry VIII in religious matters 
• Wriothesley sharply, publicly rebuked

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Factions and Henry VIII in the 1540s

  • 1.   Unit 3 Bullet Point 2
  • 2.  Start of Reign  1545 6’2” tall with 32” waist, broad shouldered, slim hipped, athletic The fount of our liberty, the end of our sadness, the beginning of our joy Th More 6’2” tall with 54” waist, flabby jowls, piggy eyes, obese, ulcerated leg, migraines, possible brain injury Hideously obese, black-humoured old man … bloody handed tyrant R. Hutchinson
  • 3. Reformists  Thomas Cromwell  Thomas Cranmer  Ascendant 1530s o Wobble in 1539 o John Lambert  Represent what conservatives disliked Conservatives  Duke of Norfolk  Bishop Stephen Gardiner  Cromwell's downfall 1540  Oppose rise of new men  Oppose rise of Protestantism
  • 4.  Defined number and seniority of office holders o In Parliament and Privy Council  Vice-Gerent In Spirituals o Cromwell had precedence over all peers of realm  Other great offices were also elevated o Made many nobles and privy councillors in more senior o Conservative faction benefited more than Reformists  HOWEVER … Cromwell redressed this to an extent o Took leading position on Privy Council o Persuaded Henry VIII to ennoble him • But the earl of Essex survived only months…
  • 5. Lambert’s Execution Act of Six Articles Changing Balance of Power Cleves Marriage Accusations of heresy 26.32-39.32 C O N S E R V A T I V E F A C T I O N
  • 6.
  • 7.  How does Catherine Howard come across in this film?  How does Henry VIII come across in this film?  How accurate a portrayal is it? Explain
  • 8.  Vindictive bully? o King in control and wielding power with an axe?  Or victim? o Victim of plots and factions o Manipulated by their intrigues 0% - Victim of Intrigue ‘As Henry aged, the factional strife around the throne intensified and struggle was to be a constant feature of government for the next seven years.’ 100% - p.35 text book Tyrannical Bully
  • 9.
  • 10.  Political machinations of Conservative Faction o Cranmer promoted reformers, encouraged preaching o Henry VIII’s religious views going in more Catholic direction • 1543: Act for the Advancement of the True Religion • The King’s Book • Defending transubstantiation and Act of Six Articles  Henry VIII played the Conservative Faction o Agreed Cranmer should be seized at Council and sent to Tower o BUT Henry VIII gave Cranmer ring, indicating his full support • Allowed plot to play out, and Cranmer presented the ring  Gardiner and supporters severely reprimanded
  • 11.  Norfolk behind plot  Believed Katherine dangerous influence on King o Married July 1543 • 1543 – failure of Cranmer plot • 1544 – English litany introduced (not compulsory) • 1544 – John Cheke, Protestant, chosen as Edward’s tutor  Henry agreed with conservatives to investigate her o But alerted her to Wriothesely’s investigations o She promised to be guided by Henry VIII in religious matters • Wriothesley sharply, publicly rebuked