Facial paralysis
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This document discusses facial paralysis, including: 1) It describes the muscles of facial expression innervated by the 7th cranial nerve and their locations. 2) Facial muscle control originates from motor cortex fibers that cross sides or remain on the same side, with upper face innervation from both sides and lower face from the opposite side. 3) The most common causes of acute facial paralysis are Bell's palsy (idiopathic compression of the 7th nerve) and ischemic stroke. Bell's palsy resolves within weeks/months but causes unilateral facial muscle weakness.
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Bell's palsy
Bell's palsy is a condition in which the muscles on one side of your face become weak or paralyzed. It affects only one side of the face at a time, causing it to droop or become stiff on that side. It's caused by some kind of trauma to the seventh cranial nerve. This is also called the “facial nerve.
Facial palsy
This document provides information on facial paralysis (palsy) including its causes, types, treatments, and more. It begins with an introduction to facial function and paralysis. It then covers nerve anatomy and classifications of nerve injuries. Specific topics include facial nerve anatomy, types of facial paralysis (central vs peripheral), common causes like Bell's palsy, and surgical treatment options depending on when paralysis occurred (acute, intermediate, or chronic stages). Evaluation methods and the House-Brackmann grading scale for facial function are also summarized.
Facial palsy
Facial palsy is paralysis of the 7th cranial nerve resulting in weakness of the muscles on one side of the face. It accounts for 75% of 7th nerve paralysis cases and is usually idiopathic (Bell's palsy). Imaging is not needed for typical cases but may be used to identify treatable lesions for atypical presentations. Treatment involves steroids, antivirals, eye protection, and physical therapy aimed at rehabilitating muscle function and symmetry over weeks to months with most cases fully recovering.
Bell's palsy
The document discusses Bell's palsy, which causes sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face. It is caused by inflammation and swelling of the 7th cranial nerve, which controls facial muscle movement. Symptoms include an inability to smile or close one eye fully. Treatment involves corticosteroids to reduce swelling along with antiviral medications, as herpes simplex virus is a common cause. Most people fully recover facial function within a few months, though symptoms may persist in rare cases.
Bells palsy
Bell's palsy is a type of facial paralysis caused by dysfunction of the facial nerve. It affects 30,000-40,000 people in the US each year. The cause is often unclear but may involve herpes viruses. Symptoms include an inability to control facial muscles on one side leading to drooping and twitching. Diagnosis involves examination and sometimes imaging tests or nerve tests. Treatment focuses on eye lubrication, corticosteroids, antivirals, and physiotherapy to prevent complications like eye damage. Prevention is not currently possible.
Bells palsy
Bell's palsy is a facial paralysis caused by inflammation of the facial nerve as it passes through the stylomastoid foramen. It affects the muscles of facial expression on one side of the face. Causes include trauma, infection, tumors, and idiopathic. Symptoms include pain behind the ear, inability to close the eye, and drooping of the mouth corner on the affected side. Treatment involves corticosteroids to reduce swelling, vitamin B, physical therapy like massage and electrical stimulation to prevent muscle atrophy, and heat/cold for increased blood flow and muscle contraction.
Vertigo
Here are the answers to the quiz questions:
1. Nystagmus is away from the lesion side in peripheral vertigo.
2. Fitzgerald-Hallpike Test
3. Canalith repositioning maneuvers like Epley maneuver or Semont maneuver.
4. Vestibular neuronitis
5. Aminoglycoside antibiotics, quinine, aspirin, etc. can be vestibulotoxic.
Facial palsy
This document discusses facial nerve paralysis, including:
- The anatomy of the facial nerve and branches that innervate facial muscles.
- Common causes of facial nerve paralysis like Bell's palsy.
- Evaluating facial nerve paralysis through examining facial muscles, taste sensation, lacrimation, and nerve conduction velocity.
- Treating facial nerve paralysis with physical therapy including heat, electrotherapy, exercises and occasionally splinting.
Recommended
Bell's palsy
Bell's palsy is a condition in which the muscles on one side of your face become weak or paralyzed. It affects only one side of the face at a time, causing it to droop or become stiff on that side. It's caused by some kind of trauma to the seventh cranial nerve. This is also called the “facial nerve.
Facial palsy
This document provides information on facial paralysis (palsy) including its causes, types, treatments, and more. It begins with an introduction to facial function and paralysis. It then covers nerve anatomy and classifications of nerve injuries. Specific topics include facial nerve anatomy, types of facial paralysis (central vs peripheral), common causes like Bell's palsy, and surgical treatment options depending on when paralysis occurred (acute, intermediate, or chronic stages). Evaluation methods and the House-Brackmann grading scale for facial function are also summarized.
Facial palsy
Facial palsy is paralysis of the 7th cranial nerve resulting in weakness of the muscles on one side of the face. It accounts for 75% of 7th nerve paralysis cases and is usually idiopathic (Bell's palsy). Imaging is not needed for typical cases but may be used to identify treatable lesions for atypical presentations. Treatment involves steroids, antivirals, eye protection, and physical therapy aimed at rehabilitating muscle function and symmetry over weeks to months with most cases fully recovering.
Bell's palsy
The document discusses Bell's palsy, which causes sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face. It is caused by inflammation and swelling of the 7th cranial nerve, which controls facial muscle movement. Symptoms include an inability to smile or close one eye fully. Treatment involves corticosteroids to reduce swelling along with antiviral medications, as herpes simplex virus is a common cause. Most people fully recover facial function within a few months, though symptoms may persist in rare cases.
Bells palsy
Bell's palsy is a type of facial paralysis caused by dysfunction of the facial nerve. It affects 30,000-40,000 people in the US each year. The cause is often unclear but may involve herpes viruses. Symptoms include an inability to control facial muscles on one side leading to drooping and twitching. Diagnosis involves examination and sometimes imaging tests or nerve tests. Treatment focuses on eye lubrication, corticosteroids, antivirals, and physiotherapy to prevent complications like eye damage. Prevention is not currently possible.
Bells palsy
Bell's palsy is a facial paralysis caused by inflammation of the facial nerve as it passes through the stylomastoid foramen. It affects the muscles of facial expression on one side of the face. Causes include trauma, infection, tumors, and idiopathic. Symptoms include pain behind the ear, inability to close the eye, and drooping of the mouth corner on the affected side. Treatment involves corticosteroids to reduce swelling, vitamin B, physical therapy like massage and electrical stimulation to prevent muscle atrophy, and heat/cold for increased blood flow and muscle contraction.
Vertigo
Here are the answers to the quiz questions:
1. Nystagmus is away from the lesion side in peripheral vertigo.
2. Fitzgerald-Hallpike Test
3. Canalith repositioning maneuvers like Epley maneuver or Semont maneuver.
4. Vestibular neuronitis
5. Aminoglycoside antibiotics, quinine, aspirin, etc. can be vestibulotoxic.
Facial palsy
This document discusses facial nerve paralysis, including:
- The anatomy of the facial nerve and branches that innervate facial muscles.
- Common causes of facial nerve paralysis like Bell's palsy.
- Evaluating facial nerve paralysis through examining facial muscles, taste sensation, lacrimation, and nerve conduction velocity.
- Treating facial nerve paralysis with physical therapy including heat, electrotherapy, exercises and occasionally splinting.
Facial palsy
This document discusses facial palsy, also known as Bell's palsy. It is a condition that causes partial or complete paralysis of the facial nerve resulting in drooping of the facial muscles. The document outlines the types of facial palsy as central or peripheral, and the potential causes such as idiopathic (Bell's palsy), trauma, infection, tumors, or Guillain-Barre syndrome. Signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests like EMG and imaging, and treatment options including corticosteroids, antivirals, and eye care are summarized. The prognosis is generally good with 85% of idiopathic cases fully recovering within 3 weeks, but recovery can take longer or be incomplete
Facial nerve and its disorders
This document provides information on the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) including its embryology, anatomy, functions, and various disorders. It discusses the facial nerve's motor and sensory roles. Disorders covered include Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, Moebius syndrome, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Classification systems for facial nerve paralysis and nerve injuries are also summarized. The document provides detailed information on evaluating facial nerve disorders.
Facial Nerve Palsy
This document discusses facial nerve palsy, including:
- It has a broad range of causes and severe functional consequences. Rapid investigation and treatment of reversible causes is important.
- Bell's palsy is the most common cause, often presenting suddenly with paralysis or paresis of one side of the face. Ramsay Hunt syndrome presents similarly but with a herpes zoster rash near the ear or mouth.
- Evaluation involves detailed history, exam including facial nerve grading, imaging like MRI to identify treatable causes like tumors, and ruling out systemic diseases. Most cases of Bell's palsy recover fully within 6 months.
Bell’s palsy
BELL'S PALSY IS AN IDIOPATHIC LMN TYPE FACIAL PALSY..THE SEMINAR TELLS YOU OF COURSE OF NERVE..FACIAL MUSCLES THEIR ACTION..HOW TO EXAMINE..THE SEQUELAE OF FACIAL PALSY...LOOK AT IT..
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This document provides information about examining the facial nerve. It discusses the anatomy of the facial nerve and its blood supply. It then describes how to examine the motor, sensory and secretory functions of the facial nerve. Specific techniques are outlined to test different branches of the facial nerve. Disorders that can affect facial nerve function are explored such as Bell's palsy, central lesions, and abnormal facial movements. Diagrams are included to help localize lesions of the facial nerve and demonstrate types of facial weakness.
Bell’s palsy
-A brief Description about the bell's palsy including: causes the signs and symptoms and the proper treatment.
-All the information present from reliable sources(Text books and articles).
Done by: Abdulelah Alshammri, second year dental student.
Facial palsy
Facial palsy, or facial paralysis, can be caused by lesions of the facial nerve that disrupt motor function on one side of the face. It is commonly unilateral and can result from various etiologies like Bell's palsy, tumors, trauma, or infections. Clinical features include weakness or paralysis of facial muscles on the affected side leading to issues like eyelid drooping, inability to fully close the eye, and drooping of the mouth corner. Treatment involves facial exercises and in severe cases, surgery or implants may help restore more natural movement. Prognosis is generally good with many cases recovering normal function, but some are left with minor to severe long-term weakness or contractures.
Management of bells palsy
Bell's palsy is the most common cause of acute facial paralysis. It results in weakness or paralysis of muscles on one side of the face. While the exact cause is unclear, it is thought to be due to viral infection of the facial nerve. Diagnosis is clinical and treatment involves corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Most patients recover fully within 6 months. Surgical options are considered for incomplete or delayed recovery and include nerve grafts and transfers to restore muscle function. Static procedures correct asymmetry at rest while dynamic reanimation aims to restore symmetry during smiling.
Bells palsy
Bell's palsy is an acute onset of non-suppurative inflammation of the facial nerve above the stylomastoid foramen, causing unilateral facial paralysis. It has an incidence of 23 per 100,000 people and affects men and women equally of all ages. Common causes include HSV type 1 and varicella zoster virus. Symptoms include drooping of the mouth corner, inability to close the eyelid on the affected side, and loss of taste sensation. Most patients recover facial function within 3 months, though 10-15% may have some permanent weakness or contractures. Treatment focuses on eye protection and facial exercises, with corticosteroids sometimes used to reduce inflammation and swelling.
Hemiplegia
Hemiparesis is unilateral paresis, that is, weakness of the entire left or right side of the body (hemi- means "half"). Hemiplegia is, in its most severe form, complete paralysis of half of the body. Hemiparesis and hemiplegia can be caused by different medical conditions, including congenital causes, trauma, tumors, or stroke
Hypenension: Commonest cause of intracerebral haemorrhage.
Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, angioma or A-V malformation: commonest cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Haemorrhagic blood diseases: purpura, haemophilia.
Anticoagulants.
Trauma to the head: commonest of subdural haematoma.
II. Infective: ;
Encephalitis
Meningitis – Brain abscess.
III. Neoplastic: e.g. Meningioma.
IV. Demyelination: multiple sclerosis may present with hemiplegia.
V. Traumatic: e.g. Cerebral laceration and subdural haematoma.
VI. Hysterical: patient suffering from paralysis in the absence of organic lesion.
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Vertigo
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the inner ear balance system. It describes how the vestibular system in the inner ear, including the semicircular canals and otolith organs, helps maintain equilibrium and sense head movement and acceleration. It outlines various peripheral and central causes of dizziness or vertigo, such as BPPV, Meniere's disease, and stroke. Evaluation involves taking a history and performing a neurological exam and vestibular tests like the Dix-Hallpike maneuver and caloric testing. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but commonly involves rest, fluids, and medications to reduce symptoms during an acute episode.
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Facial nerve examination and anatomy and neuroanatomy and physiology and course. Applied anatomy and Bell's palsy.
Bell's palsy
BELL’S PALSY
By:
Josfeena Bashir
Lecturer, BGSBU
DEFINITION
Bell’s palsy (facial paralysis) is caused by unilateral inflammation of the seventh cranial nerve, which results in weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles on the affected side
INCIDENCE
Younger than 45 years of age
Men & women are affected equally
CAUSES
Although the cause is unknown,
Theories about causes include
Vascular ischemia,
Viral disease (herpes simplex, herpes zoster),
Autoimmune disease, a combination of all of these factors.
NERVE TRAUMA
Risk factor
The third trimester of pregnancy
In individuals with immune disorders such as HIV infection,
Individuals with diabetes.
Viral upper respiratory infection
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Inflammation of facial nerve
The inflamed, oedematous nerve becomes compressed to the point of damage, or its blood supply is occluded,
Producing ischemic
Necrosis of facial nerve
Paralysis of facial nerve
Clinical manifestation
Onset of symptoms may be sudden or may progress over a 2- to 5-day period
Pain behind the ear may precede the onset of facial paralysis
dry eye or tingling around the lips
Unable to Close The Eyelid,
Wrinkle The Forehead,
Dysarthria & dysphagia
The mouth is pulled toward the unaffected side
Drooling of saliva occurs,
the affected eye has constant tearing or lacrimation.
Sense of taste is lost over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Diagnostic evaluation
History of the onset of symptoms is used to diagnose Bell’s palsy.
Observation of the patient confirms the diagnosis.
An EMG may be done. The possibility of a stroke must be ruled out.
Management
Corticosteroid therapy- to decrease inflammation (eg, prednisone 1 mg/kg/day for 10 to 14
Acyclovir combined with prednisone is possibly effective in improving facial function
Eye care to maintain lubrication and moisture if unable to close. May need to be patched during sleep.
Physical therapy, electrical stimulation to maintain muscle tone.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics to relieve pain
Heat application
Massage
Electrical stimulation
Surgical management
Tarsorrhaphy
Complication
Corneal ulceration
Impairment of vision
Body image disturbance related to facial nerve paralysis
Nursing management
Test motor components of facial nerve (VII) by assessing patient's smile, ability to whistle, purse lips, wrinkle forehead, and close eyes. Observe for facial asymmetry.
Observe patient's ability to handle secretions, food, fluids; observe for drooling.
Assess patient's ability to blink and speak clearly.
Assess effect of altered appearance on body image.
Administer or teach patient to administer artificial tears and ophthalmic ointment as prescribed
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Dizziness
The document provides information on evaluating patients presenting with dizziness. It discusses the different types of dizziness including vertigo, presyncope, and dysequilibrium. For evaluation, the history should explore the type of dizziness, onset, triggers, and age of the patient. Examination focuses on eye movements, nystagmus, gait, and the HINTS exam. The TiTrATE approach categorizes dizziness syndromes as acute episodic vestibular syndrome, spontaneous acute vestibular syndrome, or chronic vestibular syndrome based on timing and triggers. This helps distinguish dangerous mimics like stroke from more benign causes like BPPV or vestibular migraine.
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Please find the power point on Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
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This document summarizes the muscles of facial expression. It describes the 17 muscles innervated by the facial nerve, including their origins, insertions, actions, and roles in facial expressions like smiling and frowning. It also discusses the cutaneous innervation and damage to upper and lower motor neurons can cause facial paralysis on one side of the face. A lesion of the facial nerve causes complete paralysis of all muscles on the affected side of the face.
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Facial palsy
This document discusses facial palsy, also known as Bell's palsy. It is a condition that causes partial or complete paralysis of the facial nerve resulting in drooping of the facial muscles. The document outlines the types of facial palsy as central or peripheral, and the potential causes such as idiopathic (Bell's palsy), trauma, infection, tumors, or Guillain-Barre syndrome. Signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests like EMG and imaging, and treatment options including corticosteroids, antivirals, and eye care are summarized. The prognosis is generally good with 85% of idiopathic cases fully recovering within 3 weeks, but recovery can take longer or be incomplete
Facial nerve and its disorders
This document provides information on the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) including its embryology, anatomy, functions, and various disorders. It discusses the facial nerve's motor and sensory roles. Disorders covered include Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, Moebius syndrome, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Classification systems for facial nerve paralysis and nerve injuries are also summarized. The document provides detailed information on evaluating facial nerve disorders.
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This document discusses facial nerve palsy, including:
- It has a broad range of causes and severe functional consequences. Rapid investigation and treatment of reversible causes is important.
- Bell's palsy is the most common cause, often presenting suddenly with paralysis or paresis of one side of the face. Ramsay Hunt syndrome presents similarly but with a herpes zoster rash near the ear or mouth.
- Evaluation involves detailed history, exam including facial nerve grading, imaging like MRI to identify treatable causes like tumors, and ruling out systemic diseases. Most cases of Bell's palsy recover fully within 6 months.
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BELL'S PALSY IS AN IDIOPATHIC LMN TYPE FACIAL PALSY..THE SEMINAR TELLS YOU OF COURSE OF NERVE..FACIAL MUSCLES THEIR ACTION..HOW TO EXAMINE..THE SEQUELAE OF FACIAL PALSY...LOOK AT IT..
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This document provides information about examining the facial nerve. It discusses the anatomy of the facial nerve and its blood supply. It then describes how to examine the motor, sensory and secretory functions of the facial nerve. Specific techniques are outlined to test different branches of the facial nerve. Disorders that can affect facial nerve function are explored such as Bell's palsy, central lesions, and abnormal facial movements. Diagrams are included to help localize lesions of the facial nerve and demonstrate types of facial weakness.
Bell’s palsy
-A brief Description about the bell's palsy including: causes the signs and symptoms and the proper treatment.
-All the information present from reliable sources(Text books and articles).
Done by: Abdulelah Alshammri, second year dental student.
Facial palsy
Facial palsy, or facial paralysis, can be caused by lesions of the facial nerve that disrupt motor function on one side of the face. It is commonly unilateral and can result from various etiologies like Bell's palsy, tumors, trauma, or infections. Clinical features include weakness or paralysis of facial muscles on the affected side leading to issues like eyelid drooping, inability to fully close the eye, and drooping of the mouth corner. Treatment involves facial exercises and in severe cases, surgery or implants may help restore more natural movement. Prognosis is generally good with many cases recovering normal function, but some are left with minor to severe long-term weakness or contractures.
Management of bells palsy
Bell's palsy is the most common cause of acute facial paralysis. It results in weakness or paralysis of muscles on one side of the face. While the exact cause is unclear, it is thought to be due to viral infection of the facial nerve. Diagnosis is clinical and treatment involves corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Most patients recover fully within 6 months. Surgical options are considered for incomplete or delayed recovery and include nerve grafts and transfers to restore muscle function. Static procedures correct asymmetry at rest while dynamic reanimation aims to restore symmetry during smiling.
Bells palsy
Bell's palsy is an acute onset of non-suppurative inflammation of the facial nerve above the stylomastoid foramen, causing unilateral facial paralysis. It has an incidence of 23 per 100,000 people and affects men and women equally of all ages. Common causes include HSV type 1 and varicella zoster virus. Symptoms include drooping of the mouth corner, inability to close the eyelid on the affected side, and loss of taste sensation. Most patients recover facial function within 3 months, though 10-15% may have some permanent weakness or contractures. Treatment focuses on eye protection and facial exercises, with corticosteroids sometimes used to reduce inflammation and swelling.
Hemiplegia
Hemiparesis is unilateral paresis, that is, weakness of the entire left or right side of the body (hemi- means "half"). Hemiplegia is, in its most severe form, complete paralysis of half of the body. Hemiparesis and hemiplegia can be caused by different medical conditions, including congenital causes, trauma, tumors, or stroke
Hypenension: Commonest cause of intracerebral haemorrhage.
Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, angioma or A-V malformation: commonest cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Haemorrhagic blood diseases: purpura, haemophilia.
Anticoagulants.
Trauma to the head: commonest of subdural haematoma.
II. Infective: ;
Encephalitis
Meningitis – Brain abscess.
III. Neoplastic: e.g. Meningioma.
IV. Demyelination: multiple sclerosis may present with hemiplegia.
V. Traumatic: e.g. Cerebral laceration and subdural haematoma.
VI. Hysterical: patient suffering from paralysis in the absence of organic lesion.
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The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the inner ear balance system. It describes how the vestibular system in the inner ear, including the semicircular canals and otolith organs, helps maintain equilibrium and sense head movement and acceleration. It outlines various peripheral and central causes of dizziness or vertigo, such as BPPV, Meniere's disease, and stroke. Evaluation involves taking a history and performing a neurological exam and vestibular tests like the Dix-Hallpike maneuver and caloric testing. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but commonly involves rest, fluids, and medications to reduce symptoms during an acute episode.
Facial nerve examination . Cranial nerve 7
Facial nerve examination and anatomy and neuroanatomy and physiology and course. Applied anatomy and Bell's palsy.
Bell's palsy
BELL’S PALSY
By:
Josfeena Bashir
Lecturer, BGSBU
DEFINITION
Bell’s palsy (facial paralysis) is caused by unilateral inflammation of the seventh cranial nerve, which results in weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles on the affected side
INCIDENCE
Younger than 45 years of age
Men & women are affected equally
CAUSES
Although the cause is unknown,
Theories about causes include
Vascular ischemia,
Viral disease (herpes simplex, herpes zoster),
Autoimmune disease, a combination of all of these factors.
NERVE TRAUMA
Risk factor
The third trimester of pregnancy
In individuals with immune disorders such as HIV infection,
Individuals with diabetes.
Viral upper respiratory infection
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Inflammation of facial nerve
The inflamed, oedematous nerve becomes compressed to the point of damage, or its blood supply is occluded,
Producing ischemic
Necrosis of facial nerve
Paralysis of facial nerve
Clinical manifestation
Onset of symptoms may be sudden or may progress over a 2- to 5-day period
Pain behind the ear may precede the onset of facial paralysis
dry eye or tingling around the lips
Unable to Close The Eyelid,
Wrinkle The Forehead,
Dysarthria & dysphagia
The mouth is pulled toward the unaffected side
Drooling of saliva occurs,
the affected eye has constant tearing or lacrimation.
Sense of taste is lost over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Diagnostic evaluation
History of the onset of symptoms is used to diagnose Bell’s palsy.
Observation of the patient confirms the diagnosis.
An EMG may be done. The possibility of a stroke must be ruled out.
Management
Corticosteroid therapy- to decrease inflammation (eg, prednisone 1 mg/kg/day for 10 to 14
Acyclovir combined with prednisone is possibly effective in improving facial function
Eye care to maintain lubrication and moisture if unable to close. May need to be patched during sleep.
Physical therapy, electrical stimulation to maintain muscle tone.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics to relieve pain
Heat application
Massage
Electrical stimulation
Surgical management
Tarsorrhaphy
Complication
Corneal ulceration
Impairment of vision
Body image disturbance related to facial nerve paralysis
Nursing management
Test motor components of facial nerve (VII) by assessing patient's smile, ability to whistle, purse lips, wrinkle forehead, and close eyes. Observe for facial asymmetry.
Observe patient's ability to handle secretions, food, fluids; observe for drooling.
Assess patient's ability to blink and speak clearly.
Assess effect of altered appearance on body image.
Administer or teach patient to administer artificial tears and ophthalmic ointment as prescribed
Dysphagia in pseudobulbar palsy
This document discusses dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) in pseudobulbar palsy. It begins by defining bulbar palsy and pseudobulbar palsy, noting that bulbar palsy involves lower motor neuron lesions affecting bulbar muscles, while pseudobulbar palsy involves upper motor neuron lesions. It then describes the anatomy and physiology of swallowing, including the four phases. It discusses the causes, signs, and treatments of dysphagia. Key assessment tools mentioned include a video swallow study and 3-ounce water swallow test. The document provides an overview of dysphagia for health professionals.
Headache
This document provides information on primary headache disorders, with a focus on migraine. It discusses the structures in the head that are sensitive to pain, and classifies headaches as either primary (having no underlying cause) or secondary (having an identifiable structural or metabolic cause). The primary headaches are further classified, with detailed descriptions and diagnostic criteria provided for migraine without aura, migraine with aura, and tension-type headache. Pathophysiology, epidemiology, triggers, management approaches including acute and preventive therapies are summarized for migraine. Botulinum toxin, triptans, ergot alkaloids, and other medication options are outlined for migraine treatment.
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Dizziness
The document provides information on evaluating patients presenting with dizziness. It discusses the different types of dizziness including vertigo, presyncope, and dysequilibrium. For evaluation, the history should explore the type of dizziness, onset, triggers, and age of the patient. Examination focuses on eye movements, nystagmus, gait, and the HINTS exam. The TiTrATE approach categorizes dizziness syndromes as acute episodic vestibular syndrome, spontaneous acute vestibular syndrome, or chronic vestibular syndrome based on timing and triggers. This helps distinguish dangerous mimics like stroke from more benign causes like BPPV or vestibular migraine.
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Acupuncture treatment of idiopathic periphereal facial paralysis using two di...
This document describes acupuncture treatment of Bell's palsy using the distal acupuncture points Shenmai (V62) and Houxi (ID3). It provides background on Bell's palsy and its definition, etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis and conventional Western treatment. It then discusses the Chinese medicine perspective on Bell's palsy including etiology and pathophysiology according to Chinese medicine theories. The document outlines the acupuncture treatment protocol using Shenmai (V62) and Houxi (ID3) and presents results from a study applying this protocol which found over 50% improvement in patients.
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1. The muscles of facial expression arise from the second branchial arch and are innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII). They allow for facial movements and expressions.
2. The main muscles involved include the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, nasalis, orbicularis oris, and zygomaticus major and minor.
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4. The facial
Звіт директора ТЗОШ №4 за звітний період з 20.05.2014 р. по 20.05.2015 р.docx
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2. Damage to the facial nerve can cause total paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face, as seen in Bell's palsy. This prevents blinking, smiling, eye closing and other facial movements.
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Facial nerve paralysis ppt
The facial nerve is a mixed nerve that carries motor, sensory and parasympathetic fibers. It has several branches that innervate the muscles of facial expression. Facial nerve palsy can result from a variety of causes including Bell's palsy (idiopathic, viral), Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster virus), tumors, trauma, infections and other conditions. Clinical testing assesses for signs of facial asymmetry, eye problems and inability to move facial muscles. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include eye protection, steroids, antivirals, surgery and other approaches.
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Acupuncture treatment of idiopathic periphereal facial paralysis using two di...
Acupuncture treatment of idiopathic periphereal facial paralysis using two di...
Звіт директора ТЗОШ №4 за звітний період з 20.05.2014 р. по 20.05.2015 р.docx
Звіт директора ТЗОШ №4 за звітний період з 20.05.2014 р. по 20.05.2015 р.docx
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Facial nerve palsy BY DR. CHANDRA PRAKASH ARYA (B.Sc. B.D.S.; M.D.S.; P.M.S....
This document provides an overview of facial nerve paralysis, including its structure, embryology, functions, signs and symptoms, causes, diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and treatment. The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve that controls facial expression muscles and conveys taste sensations. Facial nerve paralysis can result from various causes such as Bell's palsy, stroke, infections, tumors, and injuries. Diagnosis involves medical history, exam, and sometimes imaging or blood tests. Prognosis depends on the extent of nerve damage, with better recovery odds if some function remains. Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and promote nerve healing.
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The document provides information on facial palsy/paralysis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It discusses how facial palsy can result from various congenital, traumatic, infectious, neoplastic, and metabolic disorders. Diagnostic tests are described that evaluate different branches of the facial nerve, such as the Schirmer test for the lacrimal branch. Management includes medical approaches like corticosteroids as well as surgical options when needed like nerve decompression or microsurgery. Prognosis depends on factors like results from electrophysiological tests measured within the first weeks.
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The document discusses the muscles of facial expression (mimetic muscles) that are innervated by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). It describes the various muscle groups - orbicular, nasal, oral and others. It details each individual muscle, their origin, insertion and function. The document also discusses applied anatomy concepts like Bell's palsy, Parkinson's disease, Ramsay Hunt syndrome and others where these facial muscles are involved. It provides clinical features and diagnostic evaluation for certain conditions. Overall, the document is a detailed overview of the facial expression muscles, their function and involvement in various clinical scenarios.
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The document discusses the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) in three paragraphs or less:
The facial nerve controls muscles of the face and allows for facial expressions. It has both motor and sensory components that originate from different embryonic structures and nuclei. The nerve exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and gives off five terminal branches innervating various facial muscles. Facial nerve palsy can result from lesions along the nerve's course and have varying clinical presentations depending on the location of injury. Common causes include Bell's palsy, tumors, trauma, and infections. Differential diagnosis and management involve identifying the underlying etiology.
Facial nerve
The document discusses the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) in three paragraphs. It begins with a brief overview of the facial nerve's embryology, structure, course, branches and distribution. It then discusses several clinical conditions involving facial nerve paralysis including Bell's palsy and differentiates lesions based on their location. Finally, it summarizes various causes of facial nerve paralysis and differential diagnoses, and reviews approaches to medical and surgical management.
Fasial palsy
The term facial palsy generally refers to weakness of the facial muscles, mainly resulting from temporary or permanent damage to the facial nerve
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Bells palsy
This document provides an overview of Bell's palsy, including causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and management. Bell's palsy causes sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face. It is usually temporary and results from swelling or inflammation of the facial nerve. Common symptoms include facial drooping, inability to smile or close an eye. While the exact cause is unknown, it may be due to a viral infection. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, and treatment focuses on electrical stimulation, massage, eye protection and exercises to aid recovery, which occurs within 6 months for most people.
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The cranial nerves VII-XII control facial expression and innervate muscles of the face and neck. The facial nerve is commonly damaged and can cause Bell's palsy with paralysis of facial muscles on one side. Damage to different branches causes specific symptoms like taste loss or ear problems. Most Bell's palsy cases recover on their own but steroids may speed recovery. The facial nerve exits the skull and splits into branches innervating individual facial muscles. Central facial palsy spares forehead muscles while peripheral lesions weaken all facial muscles on one side.
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The face is made up of skin, superficial fascia containing facial muscles and vessels/nerves, and muscles. The facial muscles originate from the 2nd branchial arch and are grouped into those of the scalp, auricle, eyelids, nose, mouth, and neck. The facial nerve innervates all muscles except the platysma, which is innervated by the cervical nerve. Arterial blood supply comes from the facial, transverse facial, and muscular arteries while venous drainage involves connections to the pterygoid plexus and cavernous sinus. Lymphatic drainage involves three main territories.
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The trochlear nerve controls eye movement through innervation of the superior oblique muscle. It has the longest intracranial course of the cranial nerves and is responsible for intorsion and depression of the eye. Damage can result in hypertropia and excyclotorsion of the affected eye. The abducens nerve controls lateral gaze through innervation of the lateral rectus muscle. Isolated 6th nerve palsy is commonly due to vascular causes like diabetes or hypertension and results in esotropia and diplopia worse on lateral gaze to the affected side.
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This document provides an overview of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) including its embryology, anatomy, course, branches and associated ganglia. It begins with a basic introduction and outlines the nuclei of origin in the brainstem. It then describes the facial nerve's course through six segments from the brainstem to the branches in the face. Several associated ganglia are also detailed, including the geniculate, submandibular and pterygopalatine ganglia. Congenital disorders involving the facial nerve are reviewed. Throughout, clinical relevance and applications to surgery are discussed.
SEIZURE
Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. There are many types of seizures that can cause mild to severe symptoms depending on which part of the brain is affected. Seizures are generally managed through medication, emergency response during seizures, ongoing nursing assessment, and diagnostic evaluation by medical providers when needed.
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This document provides information on physiotherapy treatment for Bell's palsy. It begins with an overview of Bell's palsy, including its causes, symptoms, and grading scales. It then discusses specific assessments, including cranial nerve and facial muscle testing. Treatment approaches covered include corticosteroids, antiviral medications, eye care, facial exercises, electrical stimulation, massage, and rarely, surgery. Outcome measures used to evaluate recovery are also outlined.
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This document summarizes key information about the 12 cranial nerves, including their names, functions, nuclei locations, and clinical findings associated with lesions. It describes key aspects of the olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trigeminal, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves. It also discusses lesions of the brain lobes and provides definitions of various language disorders including motor dysphasia, sensory dysphasia, global dysphasia, dyslexia, and dysgraphia.
facial nerve
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and embryology of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). It discusses the nuclei of origin, functional components, course through the skull and branches/distribution. Key points include that the facial nerve has motor, secretomotor and sensory fibers and exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen. It describes associated ganglia like the geniculate ganglion and presents variations, disorders like Bell's palsy, and evaluation methods involving tests of motor/sensory function.
Facial nerve
The facial nerve develops from the second pharyngeal arch during gestation. It carries motor, sensory and parasympathetic fibers that innervate muscles of facial expression and glands. Bell's palsy is a temporary paralysis of the facial nerve causing drooping of the eyelid and mouth. It is diagnosed based on symptoms and ruled out other causes through tests. Treatment includes antiviral drugs, corticosteroids, facial exercises and physical therapy.
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The document summarizes the anatomy and pathophysiology of Bell's palsy, which is a sudden, unilateral facial paralysis of unknown cause. It describes the facial nerve's course from the brainstem nuclei through the facial canal. Bell's palsy is most common in ages 15-45 and of slightly higher incidence in Japanese individuals. The main cause is believed to be reactivation of latent herpes viruses in the facial nerve ganglia. Patients experience rapid onset of maximal facial weakness within two days and associated symptoms of tearing and taste abnormalities. Physical exam reveals impairment of facial muscle movement on one side. Management focuses on eye care to protect the cornea from drying due to impaired lid closure and tearing.
Abducent nerve
The abducens nerve originates in the pons and contains motor neurons that innervate the lateral rectus muscle, allowing for eye movement outward. It exits the brainstem and travels through the cavernous sinus before entering the orbit through the superior orbital fissure to innervate the lateral rectus. Pathologies of the abducens nerve can occur at the nuclear, central, cisternal, petrous, cavernous, or orbital segments and result in lateral rectus palsy and limitations in abduction of the eye. Common causes include pontine hemorrhage, MS, meningiomas, and traumatic injuries.
FACIAL NERVE.pptx
The document provides an overview of the facial nerve, including its embryology, course, branches, blood supply, and disorders. It discusses the facial nerve's nuclei of origin, ganglia, and intracranial and extracranial course. Common conditions that can result in facial nerve weakness are described, such as Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, and Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Grading scales for facial nerve function and treatments for various disorders are also summarized.
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The facial nerve (CN VII) is a mixed cranial nerve that controls facial muscle movement and secretomotor functions. It has motor, parasympathetic, and sensory branches. The facial nerve originates in the pons and exits the skull through the internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen. It gives off branches in the parotid gland to innervate facial muscles. Facial nerve disorders like Bell's palsy cause paralysis of the ipsilateral face.
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Facial paralysis
- 2. FACIAL MUSCLES • Muscles of facial expression • Subcutaneous • Develop from the second branchial arch • Innervated by the VII n 1. Muscles of the scalp 2. Muscles of the auricle 3. Muscles of the eyelids 4. Muscles of the nose 5. Muscles around the mouth 6. Muscle of the neck
- 5. Facial muscle control. • These fibres come from the motor cortex of both cerebral hemispheres. • Half of the fibres cross over to the contralateral side and the other half remains on the ipsilateral side. • The facial nerve emerge from the middle of the pons and carry motor fibres to the facial muscle. • Passes the facial canal and exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen
- 6. The innervation to the muscles of the upper face originates on both sides of the brain. The innervation to the muscles of the lower face comes from the opposite side of the brain only.
- 8. Facial Paralysis • Two most common cause of acute facial paralysis are bell`s palsy and ischaemic stroke. Facial paralysis Peripheral Central
- 10. Peripheral Facial Paralysis • Most common is bell`s palsy. • Bell`s palsy is an idiopathic condition, it has not yet been possible to find out why the facial nerve becomes compressed; however, links have been made with viruses (including herpes, influenza and respiratory tract infections), as well as a depleted immune system and stress. • It will manifest suddenly and resolves within weeks or months.
- 12. Sign and symptoms • Bilateral facial muscle paralysis • Pain in the inner ear during onset • Impaired sense of taste • Drooling of saliva • Unable to close the eye properly • Slurring of speech • Difficulty in eating
- 15. Treatment • Prednisolone • Antiviral drugs • Physiotherapist
- 16. Central Facial Paralysis / UMNL • Most common due to acute stroke • The lesion is at the spinal cord or above • Upper motor neuron causes • cerebral infarct (i.e. stroke) • intracranial tumour • multiple sclerosis • syphilis • HIV • vasculitis
- 19. • There are also some rare conditions which cause facial nerve palsies including: • Rosenthal Melkersson syndrome: this is characterised by seventh nerve palsy, facial oedema and tongue fissuring. Symptoms occur from teenage years and recurrent facial nerve palsies have been described. • Moebius syndrome: a rare neurological disease where children are born with facial nerve and abducens nerve underdevelopment leading to facial muscle weakness and inability to abduct the eyes.
- 21. B) When the cortex is injured, there's weakness in the contralateral lower face only. C) When the facial nerve is injured, there's weakness in the ipsilateral upper and lower face.
- 25. Thank you