The document discusses the anatomy and function of the facial nerve, types and causes of facial palsy, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. It provides details on Bell's palsy including symptoms, signs, investigations and management. Complications are more likely if there is complete paralysis, older age, pain on onset, or no recovery after several months. Most patients fully recover facial function within 9 months of Bell's palsy onset.

2. Content1-Anatomy of the facial nerve
2-Facial palsy: introduction
3- Historical background
4-Types
5-Causes
6-Diagnosis
- symptoms
Signs or examination
investigation
7- Treatment
8-Complications
9-Prognosis

3. Akram Mohamed
Elsaid hussin
Esraa Fathy
Aya Gamal
Aya Salah eldeen.
Aya Elmorshdy
Esraa Mohamed
Shrook Elfeshawi
Rania Roshdy
Gehad Mohamed
Prof. Dr .
Hanaa Nooh
Dr. Lobna
Taher
Dr. Engy Abd
El- Azeem
Project team Supervisors

4. *7th cranial nerve, mixed
*Unique –longest course in a bony
canal
*Nerve of 2nd arch
*Nerve of facial expressions
*Approx. 7000-10000 fibers
introduction
CN VII- FACIAL NERVE

5. CN VII, beginning and ends

6. CN VII, Course and branches

7. CN VII, muscles supply

8. - Raising the eyebrows (frontalis) .
- Closing the eyes (orbicularis oculi) .
- Frowning (corrugator) .
- Open mouth smiling (zygomaticus) .
- Closed mouth smiling (risorius) .
- Pouting (orbicularis oris) .
- Lifting top lip (levator labii) .
- Pulling lower lip down (depressor labii) .
- Sticking bottom lip out (mentalis) .
- Pulling jaw and corners of mouth gently
down (platysma).

10. Introduction
Bell's palsy is a paralysis or weakness of the muscles on one
side of your face (most common cause of unilateral facial
paralysis world wide).
- Damage to the facial nerve that controls muscles on one
side of the face causes that side of your face to droop .
- The nerve damage may also affect your sense of taste and
how you make tears and saliva.
- This condition comes on suddenly, often overnight, and
usually gets better on its own within a few weeks.

11. Historical
background
The history of facial distortion as described by Greek, Roman,
and Persian physicians & culminating in Razi's description in
al-Hawi).
 Although allusions to facial nerve disorders can be traced
to Hippocrates, the first comprehensive description was by
the 9th-century Persian physician Razi.
 In 1821, Sir Charles Bell and its association described the
anatomy of the facial nerve with the unilateral facial palsy.
 however, described by earlier physicians as; Sydenham,
Stalpart van der Wiel, Douglas, Friedreich, and Thomassen
à Thuessink.

12. Types
UMNL LMNL

13. Causes
-Viral infections such as Bell’s palsy and
Ramsay Hunt syndrome.
- Surgical causes: for example during
removal of acoustic neuroma or facial
nerve tumour, or when operating on
the parotid gland.
- Bacterial causes such as Lyme disease
or following a middle ear infection.

15. Diagnosis by:
Clinical picture
Symptoms
Signs
or
examination
Investigations

16. Taste
Saliva
Tears
SYMPTOMS

17. EXAMINATION
To determine the extent of the weakness in your facial muscles. The doctor can
do a variety of tests to make a Bell’s palsy diagnosis

18. INVESTIGATIONS
an MRI or CT
scan to check the
nerves in your
face.
blood tests to
check for the
presence of a
bacterial or viral
infection.

19. treatment
Medical Physical Surgical others

20. Treatment with corticosteroid
medicines (such as prednisone)
Sometimes antiviral medicines
(such as acyclovir
Most people who have Bell's palsy
recover completely, without treatment,
in 1 to 2 months
Medical

21. Manual Massage
Different massage
techniques performed
on the muscles of the
face to regain facial
animation and balance.
Neuromuscular
Retraining (NMR)
Exercises to retrain
your body to use its
muscles more
effectively and
efficiently.
Physical

22. Primary nerve
repair
provides the best
return of facial nerve
function. However, the
primary repair should
be tension free.
Cable nerve grafts
utilized when a tension-free
primary nerve repair is not
possible.
Common donor nerve grafts include:
great auricular nerve, sural nerve,
and medial and lateral antebrachial
cutaneous nerves.
Surgical

23. If you have no feeling and little
saliva on one side of your
tongue, food may get stuck
there, leading to gum disease
or tooth decay. Brush and floss
your teeth often and well to
help prevent these problems.
To prevent swallowing
problems, eat slowly and chew
your food well. Eating soft,
smooth foods, such as yogurt,
may also help.
MOUTH CARE EYE CARE
protect the eye and keep it moist:
•Use finger to close and open your
eyelid throughout the day.
•artificial tears.
•eye patch while you sleep,
•glasses or goggles the rest of the
time.
others

24. • Most people fully recover from Bell's palsy within nine months. However, long-
term complications of Bell’s palsy are more likely to occur if:
• you have been affected by a complete palsy, resulting in no movement at all
(paralysis) on one side of your face
• you are over 60 years of age
• you had severe pain when you first experienced symptoms
• you have high blood pressure
• you have diabetes
• you are pregnant
• your facial nerve is badly damaged
• recovery doesn't begin until two months have passed
• there are no signs of recovery after four months
complications

25. Prognosis

26. Refrences
1 - Gupta, Sachin; Francine Mends; Mari Hagiwara; Girish Fatterpekar; Pamela C.
Roehm (2013). "Imaging the Facial Nerve: A Contemporary Review". Radiology
Research and Practice. 2013: –248039. doi:10.1155/2013/248039. ISSN 2090-1941.
Retrieved 2015-02-07.
2 - PhD, Richard S. Snell MD (2011). Clinical Anatomy by Regions (Ninth ed.).
Philadelphia, Pa.; London: LWW. ISBN 9781451110326.
3 - Singh, Vishram. Textbook of Clinical Neuroanatomy (2nd ed.). p. 104.
4 - Dudek, Ronald W. (2014). BRS Embryology (Sixth ed.). LWW. ISBN
9781451190380.
5 - Moore, Keith L.; T. V. N. Persaud; Mark G. Torchia (2011). The Developing
Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology with Student Consult Online Access, 9th
Edition (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. ISBN 9781437720020.
6 - Kliniska Färdigheter: Informationsutbytet Mellan Patient Och Läkare, LINDGREN,
STEFAN, ISBN 91-44-37271-X