The document provides an overview of hydrocephalus, including its anatomy, types, causes, clinical manifestations, and treatment options. It describes the brain's ventricular system, the physiology of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and various diagnostic methods. Hydrocephalus is characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull, which can occur due to obstructions, congenital defects, or acquired conditions.

2. Presented by
Under supervision of
 Heba salah allam.
 Heba rabea abdelrahman.
 Heba-Allah mohammed
hasanen.
 Nermeen tarek shalaby.
 Nermeen nassar
abdelhady.
 Nada ahmed elsayed.
 Nada ashraf salman.
 Nada ehab elkholy.
 Nancy ayman sultan.
 Wafaa bahaa sherif.
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

3. m2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy
department
1- Anatomy of ventricles of the brain.
2- Physiology of CSF circulation.
3- Definition of hydrocephalus.
4- Causes.
5- Investigation.
6- Clinical picture and manifestation.
7- Treatment.
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

4. Lateral ventricle
between 2 cerebral hemisphere
3rd ventricle
between the 2 thalami
4th ventricle
within the brain stem.
There are 4
ventricles within
the brain
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

5.  It is produced by the choroid
plexus which is located within
the ventricular system.
 Volume :- 150 ml
 pressure :- 60-150 ml of water
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

6. What is
hydrocephalus
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

7.  it’s a condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the skull and
causes the brain to swell.
.
 The first clinical description of an operative procedure for
hydrocephalus appears in Al-Tasrif (1000 AB )by the Arab surgeons ,
,who clearly described the evacuation of superficial intracranial fluid
in hydrocephalic children.They described it as being caused by
mechanical compression.
Definition
pathogenesis
History
they are usually unknown
but hydrocephalus may be a result of
a brain defect restricting the flow of CSF.

8. • Obstruvtive:
1)communicating (extraventricular).
2)non-communicating(intraventricular).
• Non-obstructive:
.Over production of CSF(rare).
• Normal pressure hydrocephalus:
Buildup of CSF puts pressure on the brain
(due to aging)

9. • Acquired
hydrocephal
us
• develops at
the time of
birth or at
some point
afterward.
• This type of
hydrocephalu
s can affect
individuals of
all ages
• Congenital
hydrocephalus
• it occurs in
babies born
prematurely
• before week 37
of the
pregnancy .
• They may also
have bleeding
in the brain
• which can
block the flow
of CSF.
• 4)Hydrocepha
lus ex-vacuo:
• It refers to an
enlargement
of cerebral
ventricles and
subarachnoid
spaces.
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

10. A ccording to the type:
1) Acquired hydrocephalus
.
CNS
infections Meningitis Brain
tumors
Head
trauma
Intracranial
hemorrhage
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

11. CONGENITAL type
- X linked hydrocephalus.
- Rare genital disorder.
- Arachnoid cysts.
Viscosity of CSF
NPH type
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

12. 4)Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo:
brain atrophy
post-traumatic brain
injuries
schizophrenia
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

13. 2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

14. Diagnosis
by:
Clinical picture
Neurological
examination
Investigations
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

15. According to the type of hydrocephalus and age:
 Congenital type (newly born and children )
large heads.
thin & shiny
scalp with
easily visible
veins.
bulging
fontanels.
Downward
looking eyes
Poor
feeding
Irritability Vomiting
Muscle
stiffness
and
spasms
Sleepiness
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

16. Headach
neck
pain
inability
to
control
bladder
difficulty
walking blurred
vision
sleepiness
feeling
sick
Acquired type (children and adults )
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

17. NPH has 3 sets of distinctive symptoms
it affects:-
Urinary system
Mental ability
Mobility
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

18. Sensory
status
Touch
Psychiatric
conditions
Mental status
Movement
status
Balance Reflexes
Muscle
condition
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

19. 1)Ultra sound
-That use high
frequency sound
waves.
-Used for initial
assessment for infants.
-Is placed on fontanal.
2)Magnetic resonance
imagimg
-Which use radio
waves to produce 3D
or cross section
images of brain .
-It is painless but it is
noisy.
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

20. 2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

21. • Shunt system:
Mechanism:
catheter has two ends ;one end is placed within ventricle or
spinal cord .other end is placed within abdominal cavity or
any chambre of heart (these areas can absorb CSF)
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

22. • Types of shunt:
ventriculo-
peritoneal
shunting .
ventriculo-
atrial
shunting.
lumbo-
peritoneal
shunting.
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

23. “Hydrocephalus is an increase amount of CSF
inside the cranium, make it to swell, due to :
obstruction of pathway of CSF circulation or
Abnormal increase in CSF formation or impaired
absorption.”
Home message
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

24. 2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department