This work was done by some 2nd year students of menoufia faculty of medicine under supervision of anatomy staff members

2. Presented by
Under supervision of
 Heba salah allam.
 Heba rabea abdelrahman.
 Heba-Allah mohammed
hasanen.
 Nermeen tarek shalaby.
 Nermeen nassar
abdelhady.
 Nada ahmed elsayed.
 Nada ashraf salman.
 Nada ehab elkholy.
 Nancy ayman sultan.
 Wafaa bahaa sherif.
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

3. m2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy
department
1- Anatomy of ventricles of the brain.
2- Physiology of CSF circulation.
3- Definition of hydrocephalus.
4- Causes.
5- Investigation.
6- Clinical picture and manifestation.
7- Treatment.
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

4. Lateral ventricle
between 2 cerebral hemisphere
3rd ventricle
between the 2 thalami
4th ventricle
within the brain stem.
There are 4
ventricles within
the brain
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

5.  It is produced by the choroid
plexus which is located within
the ventricular system.
 Volume :- 150 ml
 pressure :- 60-150 ml of water
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

6. What is
hydrocephalus
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

7.  it’s a condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the skull and
causes the brain to swell.
.
 The first clinical description of an operative procedure for
hydrocephalus appears in Al-Tasrif (1000 AB )by the Arab surgeons ,
,who clearly described the evacuation of superficial intracranial fluid
in hydrocephalic children.They described it as being caused by
mechanical compression.
Definition
pathogenesis
History
they are usually unknown
but hydrocephalus may be a result of
a brain defect restricting the flow of CSF.

8. • Obstruvtive:
1)communicating (extraventricular).
2)non-communicating(intraventricular).
• Non-obstructive:
.Over production of CSF(rare).
• Normal pressure hydrocephalus:
Buildup of CSF puts pressure on the brain
(due to aging)

9. • Acquired
hydrocephal
us
• develops at
the time of
birth or at
some point
afterward.
• This type of
hydrocephalu
s can affect
individuals of
all ages
• Congenital
hydrocephalus
• it occurs in
babies born
prematurely
• before week 37
of the
pregnancy .
• They may also
have bleeding
in the brain
• which can
block the flow
of CSF.
• 4)Hydrocepha
lus ex-vacuo:
• It refers to an
enlargement
of cerebral
ventricles and
subarachnoid
spaces.
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

10. A ccording to the type:
1) Acquired hydrocephalus
.
CNS
infections Meningitis Brain
tumors
Head
trauma
Intracranial
hemorrhage
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

11. CONGENITAL type
- X linked hydrocephalus.
- Rare genital disorder.
- Arachnoid cysts.
Viscosity of CSF
NPH type
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

12. 4)Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo:
brain atrophy
post-traumatic brain
injuries
schizophrenia
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

13. 2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

14. Diagnosis
by:
Clinical picture
Neurological
examination
Investigations
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

15. According to the type of hydrocephalus and age:
 Congenital type (newly born and children )
large heads.
thin & shiny
scalp with
easily visible
veins.
bulging
fontanels.
Downward
looking eyes
Poor
feeding
Irritability Vomiting
Muscle
stiffness
and
spasms
Sleepiness
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

16. Headach
neck
pain
inability
to
control
bladder
difficulty
walking blurred
vision
sleepiness
feeling
sick
Acquired type (children and adults )
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

17. NPH has 3 sets of distinctive symptoms
it affects:-
Urinary system
Mental ability
Mobility
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

18. Sensory
status
Touch
Psychiatric
conditions
Mental status
Movement
status
Balance Reflexes
Muscle
condition
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

19. 1)Ultra sound
-That use high
frequency sound
waves.
-Used for initial
assessment for infants.
-Is placed on fontanal.
2)Magnetic resonance
imagimg
-Which use radio
waves to produce 3D
or cross section
images of brain .
-It is painless but it is
noisy.
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

20. 2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

21. • Shunt system:
Mechanism:
catheter has two ends ;one end is placed within ventricle or
spinal cord .other end is placed within abdominal cavity or
any chambre of heart (these areas can absorb CSF)
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

22. • Types of shunt:
ventriculo-
peritoneal
shunting .
ventriculo-
atrial
shunting.
lumbo-
peritoneal
shunting.
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

23. “Hydrocephalus is an increase amount of CSF
inside the cranium, make it to swell, due to :
obstruction of pathway of CSF circulation or
Abnormal increase in CSF formation or impaired
absorption.”
Home message
2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department

24. 2nd year: group(29) -2017- Anatomy department