Facial nerve
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This document discusses disorders and topodiagnostic tests of the facial nerve. It covers several infections that can cause facial nerve disorders like Herpes zoster oticus and various types of ear infections. Trauma from temporal bone fractures, iatrogenic injury from ear/mastoid/parotid surgery, or facial trauma can also cause facial nerve disorders. Topodiagnostic tests like the Schirmer test, stapedial reflex test, taste test, and submandibular salivary flow test can help locate the site of lesion or injury to determine the etiology and appropriate surgical treatment.
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Prognostic test in facial nerve palsy in( ENT )
The document summarizes key information about the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), including its anatomy, branches, paralysis, causes, signs, and prognostic tests. It notes that the facial nerve has motor, sensory and parasympathetic fibers. It can be divided into intracranial and extracranial parts. Causes of facial nerve paralysis include Bell's palsy, infection, trauma, tumors and stroke. Signs include facial asymmetry and inability to close the eye. Prognostic tests discussed include Schirmer test, stapedial reflex testing, electrogustometry, and electromyography.
Facial paralysis
This document outlines anatomy and management of facial paralysis. It discusses the facial nerve anatomy, classifications of nerve injuries, differential diagnosis of sites of injury, and evaluation including House-Brackmann grading and electrodiagnostic testing. Medical management of Bell's palsy includes corticosteroids and antivirals. Surgical management involves nerve decompression or repair through techniques like nerve grafting. Functional restoration uses approaches such as gold weights, botulinum toxin, and nerve transfers like hypoglossal-facial anastomosis.
Facial nerve paralysis ppt
The facial nerve is a mixed nerve that carries motor, sensory and parasympathetic fibers. It has several branches that innervate the muscles of facial expression. Facial nerve palsy can result from a variety of causes including Bell's palsy (idiopathic, viral), Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster virus), tumors, trauma, infections and other conditions. Clinical testing assesses for signs of facial asymmetry, eye problems and inability to move facial muscles. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include eye protection, steroids, antivirals, surgery and other approaches.
Facial nerve
The document discusses facial nerve paralysis, including:
- The facial nerve controls facial muscles and taste, emerging from the brainstem.
- It describes the anatomy and course of the facial nerve from the brainstem to its branches.
- Causes of facial nerve paralysis include Bell's palsy, infections, trauma, tumors, and other systemic diseases. Symptoms include facial drooping and difficulties with facial expressions. Exams and tests help diagnose the cause and location of damage. Management includes medical and sometimes surgical approaches, with varying prognosis and potential complications.
Facial nerve, its disorders & management
This document discusses facial nerve paralysis and methods for evaluating it. It describes the components of nerve fibers and classifications of nerve injuries by Seddon and Sunderland. For facial paralysis, it evaluates clinical features, performs topographic tests like the Schirmer test and taste testing, and uses electrophysiological tests such as nerve excitability testing to localize the site of injury and assess prognosis. Electrophysiological tests can help determine if there is a conduction block and predict recovery potential.
Facial palsy
The document provides information on facial palsy/paralysis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It discusses how facial palsy can result from various congenital, traumatic, infectious, neoplastic, and metabolic disorders. Diagnostic tests are described that evaluate different branches of the facial nerve, such as the Schirmer test for the lacrimal branch. Management includes medical approaches like corticosteroids as well as surgical options when needed like nerve decompression or microsurgery. Prognosis depends on factors like results from electrophysiological tests measured within the first weeks.
Facial palsy
This document discusses facial palsy, also known as Bell's palsy. It is a condition that causes partial or complete paralysis of the facial nerve resulting in drooping of the facial muscles. The document outlines the types of facial palsy as central or peripheral, and the potential causes such as idiopathic (Bell's palsy), trauma, infection, tumors, or Guillain-Barre syndrome. Signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests like EMG and imaging, and treatment options including corticosteroids, antivirals, and eye care are summarized. The prognosis is generally good with 85% of idiopathic cases fully recovering within 3 weeks, but recovery can take longer or be incomplete
Facial nerve paralysis common causes
faical nerve paralysis
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Recommended
Prognostic test in facial nerve palsy in( ENT )
The document summarizes key information about the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), including its anatomy, branches, paralysis, causes, signs, and prognostic tests. It notes that the facial nerve has motor, sensory and parasympathetic fibers. It can be divided into intracranial and extracranial parts. Causes of facial nerve paralysis include Bell's palsy, infection, trauma, tumors and stroke. Signs include facial asymmetry and inability to close the eye. Prognostic tests discussed include Schirmer test, stapedial reflex testing, electrogustometry, and electromyography.
Facial paralysis
This document outlines anatomy and management of facial paralysis. It discusses the facial nerve anatomy, classifications of nerve injuries, differential diagnosis of sites of injury, and evaluation including House-Brackmann grading and electrodiagnostic testing. Medical management of Bell's palsy includes corticosteroids and antivirals. Surgical management involves nerve decompression or repair through techniques like nerve grafting. Functional restoration uses approaches such as gold weights, botulinum toxin, and nerve transfers like hypoglossal-facial anastomosis.
Facial nerve paralysis ppt
The facial nerve is a mixed nerve that carries motor, sensory and parasympathetic fibers. It has several branches that innervate the muscles of facial expression. Facial nerve palsy can result from a variety of causes including Bell's palsy (idiopathic, viral), Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster virus), tumors, trauma, infections and other conditions. Clinical testing assesses for signs of facial asymmetry, eye problems and inability to move facial muscles. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include eye protection, steroids, antivirals, surgery and other approaches.
Facial nerve
The document discusses facial nerve paralysis, including:
- The facial nerve controls facial muscles and taste, emerging from the brainstem.
- It describes the anatomy and course of the facial nerve from the brainstem to its branches.
- Causes of facial nerve paralysis include Bell's palsy, infections, trauma, tumors, and other systemic diseases. Symptoms include facial drooping and difficulties with facial expressions. Exams and tests help diagnose the cause and location of damage. Management includes medical and sometimes surgical approaches, with varying prognosis and potential complications.
Facial nerve, its disorders & management
This document discusses facial nerve paralysis and methods for evaluating it. It describes the components of nerve fibers and classifications of nerve injuries by Seddon and Sunderland. For facial paralysis, it evaluates clinical features, performs topographic tests like the Schirmer test and taste testing, and uses electrophysiological tests such as nerve excitability testing to localize the site of injury and assess prognosis. Electrophysiological tests can help determine if there is a conduction block and predict recovery potential.
Facial palsy
The document provides information on facial palsy/paralysis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It discusses how facial palsy can result from various congenital, traumatic, infectious, neoplastic, and metabolic disorders. Diagnostic tests are described that evaluate different branches of the facial nerve, such as the Schirmer test for the lacrimal branch. Management includes medical approaches like corticosteroids as well as surgical options when needed like nerve decompression or microsurgery. Prognosis depends on factors like results from electrophysiological tests measured within the first weeks.
Facial palsy
This document discusses facial palsy, also known as Bell's palsy. It is a condition that causes partial or complete paralysis of the facial nerve resulting in drooping of the facial muscles. The document outlines the types of facial palsy as central or peripheral, and the potential causes such as idiopathic (Bell's palsy), trauma, infection, tumors, or Guillain-Barre syndrome. Signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests like EMG and imaging, and treatment options including corticosteroids, antivirals, and eye care are summarized. The prognosis is generally good with 85% of idiopathic cases fully recovering within 3 weeks, but recovery can take longer or be incomplete
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This document provides information on the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) including its embryology, anatomy, functions, and various disorders. It discusses the facial nerve's motor and sensory roles. Disorders covered include Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, Moebius syndrome, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Classification systems for facial nerve paralysis and nerve injuries are also summarized. The document provides detailed information on evaluating facial nerve disorders.
Facial nerve palsy
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This document discusses facial palsy and its management. It begins with an overview of grading scales used to assess recovery from facial nerve paralysis. It then describes various clinical tests that can localize facial nerve injuries, including taste tests, salivation tests, tearing tests, and blink reflex tests. Surgical management options for long-standing facial palsy are discussed, including nerve grafts, hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomoses, cross-facial nerve grafts, and the babysitter technique. Static and dynamic reanimation procedures are also summarized, such as sling plasties, temporalis muscle transfers, and free muscle transfers. The document concludes with a case example of Bell's pals
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This document provides information on facial paralysis (palsy) including its causes, types, treatments, and more. It begins with an introduction to facial function and paralysis. It then covers nerve anatomy and classifications of nerve injuries. Specific topics include facial nerve anatomy, types of facial paralysis (central vs peripheral), common causes like Bell's palsy, and surgical treatment options depending on when paralysis occurred (acute, intermediate, or chronic stages). Evaluation methods and the House-Brackmann grading scale for facial function are also summarized.
Facial nerve palsy BY DR. CHANDRA PRAKASH ARYA (B.Sc. B.D.S.; M.D.S.; P.M.S....
This document provides an overview of facial nerve paralysis, including its structure, embryology, functions, signs and symptoms, causes, diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and treatment. The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve that controls facial expression muscles and conveys taste sensations. Facial nerve paralysis can result from various causes such as Bell's palsy, stroke, infections, tumors, and injuries. Diagnosis involves medical history, exam, and sometimes imaging or blood tests. Prognosis depends on the extent of nerve damage, with better recovery odds if some function remains. Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and promote nerve healing.
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This document discusses disorders of the facial nerve. It begins by describing the anatomy and course of the facial nerve, including its motor and sensory functions. It then discusses specific disorders like Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, and injuries from fractures or ear/parotid surgery. Bell's palsy is described as the most common cause of facial paralysis, affecting both sexes equally and possibly resulting from viral infection or vascular issues. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes through examination and tests. Treatment focuses on steroids, antivirals, and physiotherapy. Outcomes range from full to incomplete recovery. Other topics covered include localization of facial lesions, topodiagnostic tests, complications, and surgical procedures.
Facial Nerve Paralysis
Facial nerve palsies and their differential diagnosis
References - Harrisons, Davidsons, ENT text of Dhingra, Internet and Slide share.
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This document discusses facial nerve palsy, also known as Bell's palsy. It begins by describing the facial nerve and the muscles it innervates. Facial nerve palsy is characterized by partial or complete loss of function of the facial nerve. The document then covers the causes, types (upper vs lower motor neuron), clinical features, investigations, and management of facial nerve palsy. Both non-surgical and surgical treatment options are described to restore facial symmetry and functions like eye closure and oral competence.
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This document discusses temporal bone trauma, including evaluation, management, common injuries, and treatment approaches. It covers topics such as CSF otorrhea, hearing loss, dizziness, facial nerve injuries, and surgical versus conservative treatment options. Imaging techniques like CT and MRI are important for diagnosis. Prognosis depends on factors like nerve excitability test results and whether paralysis is immediate or delayed.
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Bell's palsy is a temporary paralysis of the facial nerve causing an inability to control facial muscles on one side of the face. It is the most common cause of acute facial nerve paralysis and may develop over several days and last several months, with most cases recovering spontaneously. Treatment includes corticosteroids and protecting the affected eye. The document provides details on cranial nerves 7, 5, and 8 that are involved in Bell's palsy and includes a case study of a patient who experienced Bell's palsy.
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This document discusses quantitative tests used to evaluate facial nerve function, including physical examination, topognostic tests like lacrimal function and taste tests, and imaging. It describes the House-Brackmann grading system for facial paralysis and limitations in evaluating acute paralysis. Sunderland's classification of peripheral nerve injuries is explained, categorizing injuries from neurapraxia to neurotmesis. Pathophysiology of various types of facial nerve lesions is discussed.
Facial nerve paralysis
Facial nerve paralysis can occur due to lesions along the facial nerve pathway and has multiple causes. Bell's palsy, the most common type, may be caused by herpes simplex virus infection and results in sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of the face. Patients with Bell's palsy usually recover fully but some have partial or no recovery. Treatment involves antiviral medication, corticosteroids, and physical therapy exercises.
Facial paralysis
This document discusses facial paralysis, its causes, Bell's palsy, and treatment. It states that the most common cause of facial paralysis is Bell's palsy, which accounts for 60-70% of cases. Bell's palsy is an idiopathic, acute-onset paralysis or weakness of the facial nerve. It can be caused by viral infections like herpes simplex. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, laboratory tests, and electrophysiology tests. Treatment includes steroids, antivirals, physiotherapy, and in rare cases nerve decompression surgery. The prognosis is generally good, with 85-90% of patients recovering fully and 10-15% having some lingering effects.
Facial nerve paralysis
The document discusses the anatomy and function of the facial nerve, types and causes of facial palsy, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. It provides details on Bell's palsy including symptoms, signs, investigations and management. Complications are more likely if there is complete paralysis, older age, pain on onset, or no recovery after several months. Most patients fully recover facial function within 9 months of Bell's palsy onset.
Facial nerve anatomy, pathology
The document discusses the anatomy, examination, diagnosis, and treatment of facial nerve palsy. It describes the motor, parasympathetic, and sensory parts of the facial nerve and their origins and functions. Examination of the frontal branch and tests for synkinesis, lacrimation, gustation, and sialometry can localize lesions. Bell's palsy is an acute idiopathic peripheral palsy without other cranial nerve involvement. Treatment may include corticosteroids, antivirals, corneal protection, decompression, and physiotherapy. Complications can include incomplete recovery or synkinesis.
Reanimation of facial paralysis
This document discusses techniques for reanimating facial paralysis. It begins by outlining general principles, including reinnervating muscles early, separately reanimating the upper and lower face, and tailoring the procedure to the patient's needs and assessment. Surgical techniques are then described, including neural methods like nerve grafting and transfers, musculofacial transpositions, and static procedures. The timing of different techniques depends on whether the paralysis is acute (<3 weeks), intermediate (3 weeks to 2 years), or chronic (>2 years). Assessment involves evaluating the cause and extent of paralysis along with patient factors. The goal is to restore facial symmetry, competence, protection, and dynamic smile.
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This document discusses Ardita Vata (facial palsy) according to Ayurveda and modern medicine. It defines Ardita Vata as a deviation leading to deformity of one side of the face or half of the body. The causes, symptoms and types are described according to Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita. Bell's palsy, the most common type of facial palsy, is also discussed in detail including causes like infection, trauma and tumors. The document compares unilateral lower motor neuron lesions in Bell's palsy versus bilateral upper motor neuron lesions. Various treatment approaches are summarized including nerve grafts, slings and weights to correct facial paralysis.
Facial nerve paralysis dr.davis -11.04.16
The facial nerve is the 7th cranial nerve that has both motor and sensory functions. It has a complex anatomical course through the skull and face. Facial paralysis can result from lesions anywhere along this course. Bell's palsy is the most common cause of acute facial paralysis, believed to be due to a viral infection causing inflammation where the nerve exits the skull. Other potential causes include trauma, tumors, infections, and systemic diseases. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but often includes corticosteroids for Bell's palsy and surgery for decompression or repair of severed nerve segments.
Facial palsy
Facial palsy, or facial paralysis, can be caused by lesions of the facial nerve that disrupt motor function on one side of the face. It is commonly unilateral and can result from various etiologies like Bell's palsy, tumors, trauma, or infections. Clinical features include weakness or paralysis of facial muscles on the affected side leading to issues like eyelid drooping, inability to fully close the eye, and drooping of the mouth corner. Treatment involves facial exercises and in severe cases, surgery or implants may help restore more natural movement. Prognosis is generally good with many cases recovering normal function, but some are left with minor to severe long-term weakness or contractures.
Facial palsy
This document discusses facial nerve paralysis, including:
- The anatomy of the facial nerve and branches that innervate facial muscles.
- Common causes of facial nerve paralysis like Bell's palsy.
- Evaluating facial nerve paralysis through examining facial muscles, taste sensation, lacrimation, and nerve conduction velocity.
- Treating facial nerve paralysis with physical therapy including heat, electrotherapy, exercises and occasionally splinting.
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1. A brief history noting its development from craniometry and introduction in the early 20th century.
2. A description of common cephalometric equipment including the Broadbent bolton type and highleys type.
3. An explanation of landmarks and planes used in cephalometric analysis including horizontal planes like SN plane and vertical planes like A-Pog line.
4. A summary of common cephalometric analyses like Downs analysis, Steiner's analysis, and Wits appraisal which are used to evaluate skeletal and dental relationships.
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Facial nerve and its disorders
This document provides information on the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) including its embryology, anatomy, functions, and various disorders. It discusses the facial nerve's motor and sensory roles. Disorders covered include Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, Moebius syndrome, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Classification systems for facial nerve paralysis and nerve injuries are also summarized. The document provides detailed information on evaluating facial nerve disorders.
Facial nerve palsy
course of facial nerve, causes of palsy, management and description of few causes, facial nerve decompression and animation techniques
Facial palsy
This document discusses facial palsy and its management. It begins with an overview of grading scales used to assess recovery from facial nerve paralysis. It then describes various clinical tests that can localize facial nerve injuries, including taste tests, salivation tests, tearing tests, and blink reflex tests. Surgical management options for long-standing facial palsy are discussed, including nerve grafts, hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomoses, cross-facial nerve grafts, and the babysitter technique. Static and dynamic reanimation procedures are also summarized, such as sling plasties, temporalis muscle transfers, and free muscle transfers. The document concludes with a case example of Bell's pals
Facial palsy
This document provides information on facial paralysis (palsy) including its causes, types, treatments, and more. It begins with an introduction to facial function and paralysis. It then covers nerve anatomy and classifications of nerve injuries. Specific topics include facial nerve anatomy, types of facial paralysis (central vs peripheral), common causes like Bell's palsy, and surgical treatment options depending on when paralysis occurred (acute, intermediate, or chronic stages). Evaluation methods and the House-Brackmann grading scale for facial function are also summarized.
Facial nerve palsy BY DR. CHANDRA PRAKASH ARYA (B.Sc. B.D.S.; M.D.S.; P.M.S....
This document provides an overview of facial nerve paralysis, including its structure, embryology, functions, signs and symptoms, causes, diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and treatment. The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve that controls facial expression muscles and conveys taste sensations. Facial nerve paralysis can result from various causes such as Bell's palsy, stroke, infections, tumors, and injuries. Diagnosis involves medical history, exam, and sometimes imaging or blood tests. Prognosis depends on the extent of nerve damage, with better recovery odds if some function remains. Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and promote nerve healing.
Disorders of facial nerve
This document discusses disorders of the facial nerve. It begins by describing the anatomy and course of the facial nerve, including its motor and sensory functions. It then discusses specific disorders like Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, and injuries from fractures or ear/parotid surgery. Bell's palsy is described as the most common cause of facial paralysis, affecting both sexes equally and possibly resulting from viral infection or vascular issues. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes through examination and tests. Treatment focuses on steroids, antivirals, and physiotherapy. Outcomes range from full to incomplete recovery. Other topics covered include localization of facial lesions, topodiagnostic tests, complications, and surgical procedures.
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References - Harrisons, Davidsons, ENT text of Dhingra, Internet and Slide share.
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This document discusses facial nerve palsy, also known as Bell's palsy. It begins by describing the facial nerve and the muscles it innervates. Facial nerve palsy is characterized by partial or complete loss of function of the facial nerve. The document then covers the causes, types (upper vs lower motor neuron), clinical features, investigations, and management of facial nerve palsy. Both non-surgical and surgical treatment options are described to restore facial symmetry and functions like eye closure and oral competence.
13 temporal bone trauma
This document discusses temporal bone trauma, including evaluation, management, common injuries, and treatment approaches. It covers topics such as CSF otorrhea, hearing loss, dizziness, facial nerve injuries, and surgical versus conservative treatment options. Imaging techniques like CT and MRI are important for diagnosis. Prognosis depends on factors like nerve excitability test results and whether paralysis is immediate or delayed.
Bell's palsy j van wyk
Bell's palsy is a temporary paralysis of the facial nerve causing an inability to control facial muscles on one side of the face. It is the most common cause of acute facial nerve paralysis and may develop over several days and last several months, with most cases recovering spontaneously. Treatment includes corticosteroids and protecting the affected eye. The document provides details on cranial nerves 7, 5, and 8 that are involved in Bell's palsy and includes a case study of a patient who experienced Bell's palsy.
Facial nerve tests
This document discusses quantitative tests used to evaluate facial nerve function, including physical examination, topognostic tests like lacrimal function and taste tests, and imaging. It describes the House-Brackmann grading system for facial paralysis and limitations in evaluating acute paralysis. Sunderland's classification of peripheral nerve injuries is explained, categorizing injuries from neurapraxia to neurotmesis. Pathophysiology of various types of facial nerve lesions is discussed.
Facial nerve paralysis
Facial nerve paralysis can occur due to lesions along the facial nerve pathway and has multiple causes. Bell's palsy, the most common type, may be caused by herpes simplex virus infection and results in sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of the face. Patients with Bell's palsy usually recover fully but some have partial or no recovery. Treatment involves antiviral medication, corticosteroids, and physical therapy exercises.
Facial paralysis
This document discusses facial paralysis, its causes, Bell's palsy, and treatment. It states that the most common cause of facial paralysis is Bell's palsy, which accounts for 60-70% of cases. Bell's palsy is an idiopathic, acute-onset paralysis or weakness of the facial nerve. It can be caused by viral infections like herpes simplex. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, laboratory tests, and electrophysiology tests. Treatment includes steroids, antivirals, physiotherapy, and in rare cases nerve decompression surgery. The prognosis is generally good, with 85-90% of patients recovering fully and 10-15% having some lingering effects.
Facial nerve paralysis
The document discusses the anatomy and function of the facial nerve, types and causes of facial palsy, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. It provides details on Bell's palsy including symptoms, signs, investigations and management. Complications are more likely if there is complete paralysis, older age, pain on onset, or no recovery after several months. Most patients fully recover facial function within 9 months of Bell's palsy onset.
Facial nerve anatomy, pathology
The document discusses the anatomy, examination, diagnosis, and treatment of facial nerve palsy. It describes the motor, parasympathetic, and sensory parts of the facial nerve and their origins and functions. Examination of the frontal branch and tests for synkinesis, lacrimation, gustation, and sialometry can localize lesions. Bell's palsy is an acute idiopathic peripheral palsy without other cranial nerve involvement. Treatment may include corticosteroids, antivirals, corneal protection, decompression, and physiotherapy. Complications can include incomplete recovery or synkinesis.
Reanimation of facial paralysis
This document discusses techniques for reanimating facial paralysis. It begins by outlining general principles, including reinnervating muscles early, separately reanimating the upper and lower face, and tailoring the procedure to the patient's needs and assessment. Surgical techniques are then described, including neural methods like nerve grafting and transfers, musculofacial transpositions, and static procedures. The timing of different techniques depends on whether the paralysis is acute (<3 weeks), intermediate (3 weeks to 2 years), or chronic (>2 years). Assessment involves evaluating the cause and extent of paralysis along with patient factors. The goal is to restore facial symmetry, competence, protection, and dynamic smile.
Ardita vata..a brief ppt
This document discusses Ardita Vata (facial palsy) according to Ayurveda and modern medicine. It defines Ardita Vata as a deviation leading to deformity of one side of the face or half of the body. The causes, symptoms and types are described according to Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita. Bell's palsy, the most common type of facial palsy, is also discussed in detail including causes like infection, trauma and tumors. The document compares unilateral lower motor neuron lesions in Bell's palsy versus bilateral upper motor neuron lesions. Various treatment approaches are summarized including nerve grafts, slings and weights to correct facial paralysis.
Facial nerve paralysis dr.davis -11.04.16
The facial nerve is the 7th cranial nerve that has both motor and sensory functions. It has a complex anatomical course through the skull and face. Facial paralysis can result from lesions anywhere along this course. Bell's palsy is the most common cause of acute facial paralysis, believed to be due to a viral infection causing inflammation where the nerve exits the skull. Other potential causes include trauma, tumors, infections, and systemic diseases. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but often includes corticosteroids for Bell's palsy and surgery for decompression or repair of severed nerve segments.
Facial palsy
Facial palsy, or facial paralysis, can be caused by lesions of the facial nerve that disrupt motor function on one side of the face. It is commonly unilateral and can result from various etiologies like Bell's palsy, tumors, trauma, or infections. Clinical features include weakness or paralysis of facial muscles on the affected side leading to issues like eyelid drooping, inability to fully close the eye, and drooping of the mouth corner. Treatment involves facial exercises and in severe cases, surgery or implants may help restore more natural movement. Prognosis is generally good with many cases recovering normal function, but some are left with minor to severe long-term weakness or contractures.
Facial palsy
This document discusses facial nerve paralysis, including:
- The anatomy of the facial nerve and branches that innervate facial muscles.
- Common causes of facial nerve paralysis like Bell's palsy.
- Evaluating facial nerve paralysis through examining facial muscles, taste sensation, lacrimation, and nerve conduction velocity.
- Treating facial nerve paralysis with physical therapy including heat, electrotherapy, exercises and occasionally splinting.
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This document provides an overview of cephalometrics including:
1. A brief history noting its development from craniometry and introduction in the early 20th century.
2. A description of common cephalometric equipment including the Broadbent bolton type and highleys type.
3. An explanation of landmarks and planes used in cephalometric analysis including horizontal planes like SN plane and vertical planes like A-Pog line.
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Fasial palsy
The term facial palsy generally refers to weakness of the facial muscles, mainly resulting from temporary or permanent damage to the facial nerve
Facial palsy not only cause a paresis of the target muscles, but as the nerve is responsible for a range of facial expressions, it causes serious disturbances in social life, facial expression being so important in transferring emotion.
Otitis externa - ENT
This document provides information about otitis externa (ear infection of the outer ear canal). It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the outer ear, classifications and causes of otitis externa including bacterial, viral and fungal infections. It describes the signs and symptoms of acute and chronic otitis externa and treatments including ear cleaning, topical and oral antibiotics, antifungals and corticosteroids. Complications are outlined along with malignant otitis externa, a potentially lethal infection seen in immunocompromised individuals like diabetics.
Mastoiditis - inflammation of mastoid bone
an infection that affect the mastoid bone, located behind the ear.
this sideshare contained detailed information about the definition,causes and risk factor, pathophiology, management both medical and nursing management
facialpalsy-140404021637-phpapp01.pdf
This document provides information on facial palsy (facial paralysis), including:
1. It discusses the anatomy of the facial nerve and different classifications of nerve injuries.
2. Common causes of facial palsy are also outlined, such as Bell's palsy which is an idiopathic sudden onset paralysis of the facial nerve.
3. Evaluation and assessment of facial nerve function is described, including tests of tear production, taste, saliva flow, and electrical nerve testing to determine the severity and likely prognosis of the palsy.
bells palsy causes physiotherapy assessment treatment
This document provides information on physiotherapy treatment for Bell's palsy. It begins with an overview of Bell's palsy, including its causes, symptoms, and grading scales. It then discusses specific assessments, including cranial nerve and facial muscle testing. Treatment approaches covered include corticosteroids, antiviral medications, eye care, facial exercises, electrical stimulation, massage, and rarely, surgery. Outcome measures used to evaluate recovery are also outlined.
Disease of external nose deviated nasal septum, fb in nose 02.05.16, dr.bini...
1. Cellulitis of the nose presents as a red, swollen, and tender nose caused by bacterial infection from streptococcus or staphylococcus. It is treated with systemic antibiotics, hot fomentation, and analgesics.
2. Deviated nasal septum is commonly caused by trauma but can also be due to developmental errors. It may cause nasal obstruction and other symptoms. Surgical correction by septoplasty or submucous resection is often needed.
3. Foreign bodies in the nose are commonly seen in children ages 2-4 and can cause infection, inflammation, and necrosis if not removed. Common objects include beads, peas, and batteries which cause severe tissue damage. Removal of objects
Diseases of the Ear.pptx
Cerumen impaction is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in adults. It occurs when excess cerumen blocks the ear canal. Symptoms include hearing loss, tinnitus, and fullness. Treatment options include ceruminolytic drops, manual removal, or syringing of the ear canal. Otitis externa is an infection of the outer ear canal that presents with pain, itching, discharge and fullness. Predisposing factors include swimming, mechanical cleaning, and devices that occlude the ear canal. Chronic suppurative otitis media is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear that results in a perforated eardrum and discharge from the ear.
Facial Nerve lesions
Facial Nerve Lesions, comprising lesions at different sites of the facial nerve and possible clinical manifestations.
Facial nerve -Non neoplastic disorders
Facial nerve paralysis can arise from various non-neoplastic disorders like Bell's palsy, trauma, infections, and autoimmune conditions. Bell's palsy is the most common cause, with sudden onset of complete unilateral facial weakness of unknown etiology. Ramsay Hunt syndrome features herpes zoster infection of the geniculate ganglion causing facial paralysis. Facial nerve injuries during surgery require prompt exploration and repair to minimize long-term damage.
Diseases of external ear
This document discusses diseases that can affect the external ear. It begins by describing the anatomy of the external ear. It then discusses various congenital and traumatic conditions that can affect the pinna, including bat ear, preauricular appendages, and haematoma of the auricle. It also covers inflammatory conditions of the pinna like perichondritis. The document further discusses diseases of the external auditory canal, including conditions like otitis externa, otomycosis, and impacted cerumen. Foreign bodies in the ear are also mentioned. Finally, various diseases of the tympanic membrane are briefly outlined.
Different ear condition
Furunculosis is a localized infection of a single hair follicle in the external ear canal caused mainly by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It presents as a painful, blocked ear with tender swelling and scanty discharge. Treatment involves oral or intravenous antibiotics depending on severity, with topical treatments like antibiotics also used. Granular myringitis is a form of external otitis characterized by granulation tissue on the tympanic membrane and possibly in the ear canal. It typically causes foul-smelling discharge but little pain. Diagnosis is based on appearance during otoscopy. Topical steroid/antibiotic drops are the main treatment approach.
Different ear conditions
Furunculosis is a localized infection of a single hair follicle in the external ear canal caused mainly by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It presents as a painful, blocked ear with discharge and tender swelling around the pinna. Treatment involves antibiotics, incision and drainage of abscesses, and topical antiseptic ear drops. Without treatment, it can cause scarring and narrowing of the ear canal.
Pathway of Pain
This presentation discusses the pathway of pain from nociception to perception. It begins by defining pain and nociception, describing the characteristics of A-delta and C pain fibers. It then covers the classification of pain and central pain mechanisms, including ascending and descending pathways. Specific types of pain like neuropathic, mixed and idiopathic pain are addressed. Facial pain causes and conditions like trigeminal neuralgia are examined. Finally, visceral pain pathways and various neurological lesions and disorders involving cranial nerves are reviewed.
Assessment of maxillary sinuss.pptx
This document discusses diseases that can affect the maxillary sinus. It begins by describing the anatomy and functions of the maxillary sinus. It then discusses several common diseases that may impact the sinus, including acute and chronic sinusitis, cysts, tumors, trauma, and infections. For each condition, it provides details on symptoms, clinical findings from examinations, and typical radiographic presentations. The document emphasizes the importance of thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation of the maxillary sinus for dentists to properly diagnose and manage diseases in this area.
Malignant otitis externa
Malignant otitis externa is an aggressive infection of the external ear and skull base that predominantly affects older diabetics. It is caused most commonly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Clinical features include severe ear pain, discharge, hearing loss, and facial nerve palsy. Diagnosis involves culture of ear discharge, blood tests, imaging, and biopsy. Treatment requires long-term antibiotics, often fluoroquinolones, along with glucose control, ear cleaning, hyperbaric oxygen, and sometimes surgery. Cranial nerve palsies and intracranial complications can occur if the infection spreads.
Cranial nerves examination ih
Cranial nerve examination involves assessing the 12 pairs of cranial nerves. The document provides an overview of cranial nerve anatomy and function, as well as methods for clinically testing each nerve. It summarizes the pathways, functions, and common causes of injury for several cranial nerves including the olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves. Clinical testing involves techniques like smell identification tests for the olfactory nerve and visual acuity tests, visual field tests, and color vision tests for the optic nerve.
Middle Ear 02.pptx
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is chronic inflammation of the middle ear cleft resulting in ear discharge and deafness. It is classified into tubo-tympanic and attico-antral varieties. The attico-antral variety is more dangerous as it can lead to complications like cholesteatoma formation, granulation tissue, and osteitis. Cholesteatoma is a sac containing keratinizing squamous epithelium that has the potential to erode bone. Treatment involves surgery such as cortical mastoidectomy to drain the mastoid air cells, radical mastoidectomy for extensive disease clearance, or modified radical mastoidectomy to eradicate disease
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bells palsy causes physiotherapy assessment treatment
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Facial nerve
- 1. Disorders of facial nerve – II and Topodiagnostic tests Mohammed Shafeeqe. P Roll no:MB140022 1
- 2. Infections • Herpes zoster oticus • Acute suppurative otitis media • Chronic suppurative otitis media • Malignant otitis externa 2
- 3. Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay-Hunt syndrome) Caused by Varicella zoster virus Pathogenesis After initial infection, varicella zoster virus lies dormant in geniculate ganglion. When the immunity of the patient is suppressed, the virus is reactivated and travels to the end of the nerve cell, where it causes the symptoms . 3
- 4. Clinical features Sudden severe pain Facial paralysis Vesicular rash in the Ext. auditory canal, pinna, tongue and soft palate. Taste loss in the front two-thirds of the tongue Dry mouth and eyes Involvement of Vth and VIIIth nerve in the form of anesthesia of face, tinnitus, hearing loss, and vertigo. Treatment Same as Bell palsy Anti virals e.g., Acyclovir 4
- 5. Trauma • Fractures of temporal bone • Iatrogenic (during surgery) Ear or mastoid Sx Parotid Sx • Trauma to the face 5
- 6. Fractures of temporal bone • Fractures can be transverse, longitudinal or mixed. • Paralysis is due to intraneural haematoma, compression by a bony spicule or transection of nerve. Longitudinal fracture Transverse fracture Less common (20%) More common (50%) Delayed onset Immediate onset Injury in tympanic segment Injury in meatal or labyrinthine segment Managed conservatively as in Bell palsy Surgery is needed in the form of decompression, re- anastamosis of cut ends or cable nerve graft 6
- 7. Iatrogenic injury • Facial nerve can be injured during – stapedectomy, – tympanoplasty – mastoid sx – Surgery of parotid tumors • Deliberatively excised in malignant tumors • Application of obstetrics forceps can result in facial paralysis in the neonate due to pressure in the extrapyramidal part of the nerve. 7
- 8. Topodiagnostic tests • Useful in finding the site of lesion • Helps in establishing the etiology • To find out the site of surgical decompression • Various tests used are Schirmer test Stapedial reflex test Taste test Submandibular salivary flow test 8
- 9. Schirmer test • Test for greater superficial petrosal nerve. • Compares the lacrimation of two sides. • A strip of filter paper is hooked in the lower fornix of each eye and the amt of wetting is measured. Stapedial reflex • Tested by Impedence audiometry. • It is a test for nerve to stapedius. 9
- 10. Taste test • Measured by A drop of salt or sugar is placed on one side of the protuded tongue Electrogustometry • It is a test for chordae tympani. Submandibular salivary flow test •Measures the function of chorda tympani. •Polythene tubes are passed into both warton ducts and drops of saliva counted during one minute period. 10
- 11. Fig. Topographic localization of facial nerve lesions 11
- 12. Thank you 12