Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. It can affect people of all ages and races. Clinical presentation depends on the organ involved. Approximately 5% of cases are asymptomatic. Symptoms may include fever, fatigue, night sweats, and weight loss. Histological features include non-caseating granulomas that may contain asteroid or Schaumann bodies. Treatment involves symptomatic treatment with NSAIDs.
Naso-orbital-ethmoid (NOE) fractures: Management principles, options and rec...Dibya Falgoon Sarkar
Comprehensive discussion on diagnosis and management of NOE fractures. Surgical anatomy and approaches to NOE region is also discussed. Reconstruction of NOE complex is discussed. Recent advances in management of NOE fractures are also highlighted in this presentation
Naso-orbital-ethmoid (NOE) fractures: Management principles, options and rec...Dibya Falgoon Sarkar
Comprehensive discussion on diagnosis and management of NOE fractures. Surgical anatomy and approaches to NOE region is also discussed. Reconstruction of NOE complex is discussed. Recent advances in management of NOE fractures are also highlighted in this presentation
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University. Condylar fractures represent one of the most controversial issues in maxillofacial traumatology regarding classification, diagnoses and therapeutic management. Classification systems of condylar fracture is discussed. Diagnosis is usually based on history clinical examination and radiographic finding. Treatment ranges from observation, jaw exercises to closed or opened interventions. For years closed reduction was thought to be essentially complication-free. Several serious complications however have been reported including temporomandibular joint ankyloses, malocclusion, mandibular deviation and the generative joint pathology. The absolute and relative indications for open reduction is given. The debate between supporters of open or closed reduction is still continuing and the issue has not been resolved. However, the final choice treatment modality should takes into account the location of the fracture, age of the patient, presence or absence of other associated injuries, cosmetic impact of the surgery and presence of other systemic medical conditions.
The presentation deals with the basics required for studying TMJ ankylosis. The text has been simplified and presented. It is well supported with illustrations.
Suggestions and feedback will be well appreciated. :)
DR. SHAHZAD HUSSAIN
BDS, FCPS(Resident)
Nishtar institute of Dentistry, Multan
SNDENTALCARE.CO
CASE PRESENTATION OF A 30 YEAR FEMALE PATIENT WITH av MALFORMATION. THE CASE INCLUDES ALL THE DATA OF THE PATIENT RELEVANT WITH AV MALFORMATION.
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University. Condylar fractures represent one of the most controversial issues in maxillofacial traumatology regarding classification, diagnoses and therapeutic management. Classification systems of condylar fracture is discussed. Diagnosis is usually based on history clinical examination and radiographic finding. Treatment ranges from observation, jaw exercises to closed or opened interventions. For years closed reduction was thought to be essentially complication-free. Several serious complications however have been reported including temporomandibular joint ankyloses, malocclusion, mandibular deviation and the generative joint pathology. The absolute and relative indications for open reduction is given. The debate between supporters of open or closed reduction is still continuing and the issue has not been resolved. However, the final choice treatment modality should takes into account the location of the fracture, age of the patient, presence or absence of other associated injuries, cosmetic impact of the surgery and presence of other systemic medical conditions.
The presentation deals with the basics required for studying TMJ ankylosis. The text has been simplified and presented. It is well supported with illustrations.
Suggestions and feedback will be well appreciated. :)
DR. SHAHZAD HUSSAIN
BDS, FCPS(Resident)
Nishtar institute of Dentistry, Multan
SNDENTALCARE.CO
CASE PRESENTATION OF A 30 YEAR FEMALE PATIENT WITH av MALFORMATION. THE CASE INCLUDES ALL THE DATA OF THE PATIENT RELEVANT WITH AV MALFORMATION.
All the rarefying diseases included here represent a disruption of bone homeostasis that may result from an imbalance among the factors noted or a direct influence of a disese process on the bone itself.
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
OSTEOPOROSIS
OSTEOMALACIA
LEUKEMIA
LANGERHANS CELL DISEASE
PAGETS DISEASE
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
3. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem
inflammatory disease of unknown
etiology that predominantly affects
the lungs and intrathoracic lymph
nodes.
4. Epidemiology
All racial .
All ethnic groups.
All ages (with the incidence peaking at 20 to 39 years).
M-F ratio 2:1.
5. Clinical presentation depends on the extent and
severity of the organ involved.
Approximately 5% of cases are asymptomatic
Systemic symptoms occur in 45% of cases such as :
Fever.
anorexia
Fatigue.
Night sweats .
Weight loss .
Cough
Chest pain
6. Löfgren's syndrome, an acute presentation
consisting of:
Fever.
Arthralgia.
erythema nodosum.
occurs in 9 to 34% of patients.
9. Treatment:
Sarcoid granulomas can resolve
spontaneously without complications or heal
with residual scarring.
symptomatic treatment with NSAIDs
like ibuprofen or aspirin
11. PAGET’S DISEASE
Synonym
Osteitis deformans
Paget’s disease is named after SIR JAMES PAGET
Paget’s disease is characterised by excessive & abnormal remodeling of
bone.This excessive remodelling gives rise to bones that are extensively
vascularized, weak, enlarged & deformed with subsequent complications.
12. • ETIOLOGY- Unknown.
• Genetic link, as 7 to 10 fold increase in incidence of the disease
was observed in relatives of patients.
autosomal dominant inheritance.
Paget’s disease is characterised by enhanced resorption of bone by
giant multinucleated osteoclasts with formation of disorganized
woven bone by osteoblasts. Three phases are seen
- Lytic
- Mixed lytic & blastic
- Sclerotic
13. Clinical features
Age of occurrence
• Prevalence of the disease increases with age.
• Recognised after 50years of age.
Sex predilection
• Male to female ratio is approximately 1:1
14. PAIN-- dull constant aching pain deep below the soft tissues.
Involved bones become warm to touch because of increased
vascularity.
Other typical findings & complaints include :
pathologic fractures
non specific headaches
impaired hearing & tinnitus
15. Involvement of facial bones is occasionally seen –
LEONTIASIS OSSEA.
16. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
• Predilection seen for maxilla – 2:1
• . The maxilla exhibits progressive enlargement,
alveolar ridge becomes widened & palate flattened.
17. The teeth present may become loose & migrate, producing
spacing.
As the disease progresses, the mouth may remain open,
exposing the teeth, because the lips are too small to cover
the enlarged jaw.
Edentulous patients with dentures commonly complain of an
inability to wear them because of increasing tightness due to
expansion of the jaw.
18. RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
The radiographic features of Paget’s disease are varied & depend on the stage of the
disease encountered.
Osteolytic areas are seen as multiple & diffuse or isolated destructive lesions.
The osteoblastic areas appear as radioopacities with patchy distribution.
This patchiness has been termed a ‘COTTON-WOOL’ appearance.
19. Other findings:
Generalised hypercementosis
Loss of lamina dura
Root resorption has been reported in some cases,
but this is unusual
20. LABORATORY FINDINGS
Serum calcium & phosphorous levels are usually within
normal limits.
Serum alkaline phosphatase level may be elevated, however
to extreme limits – over 250 Bodansky units.
Urinary hydroxyproline levels are elevated as they reflect
increased osteoclastic activity & bone resorption.
21. HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
The microscopic appearance of bone varies remarkably, depending
upon the stage of disease encountered.
Repeated formation & removal of bone results in the appearance of
many small irregularly shaped bone fragments that appear to be
joined in a JIGSAW or MOSAIC pattern, with deeply staining
hematoxyphilic reversal lines. This is the histologic hallmark of
Paget’s disease
22. TREATMENT & PROGNOSIS
There is no specific treatment.
Vitamin, hormone & radiation therapy have all been
utilized with sporadic reports of cures, but these have not
been confirmed.
Very promising results have recently been obtained in the
treatment of this disease by the use of calcitonin.
25. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Is the uncontrolled production of parathormone (PTH)
usually as a result of a
Parathyroid adenoma (80 to 90 % of cases)
Parathyroid hyperplasia (10 to 15%)
Parathyroid carcinoma (1%)
SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
PTH is continuously produced in response to chronic
low levels of serum calcium, a situation usually
associated with chronic renal disease.
26. AGE OF OCCURRENCE :
Most patients are older than 60 years of age.
SEX PREDILECTION :
Women have this condition 2 to 4 times more often than men.
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Typically the condition is identified on routine serologic testing
&
majority of patients are relatively asymptomatic.
27. Patients with classic signs & symptoms are described
as having
STONES
BONES
GROANS
MOANS
28. STONES
renal calculi (kidney stones) because of elevated serum
calcium levels.
Metastatic calcifications are also seen frequently involving other
soft tissues, such as blood vessel walls, subcutaneous soft
tissues, the sclera, dura and region around the joints.
29. BONES
Refers to a variety of osseous changes that may occur
With persistent disease, other osseous lesions develop, such as
BROWN TUMOUR OF HYPERPARATHYOIDISM.
This lesion derives its name from the colour of the tissue specimen,
which is usually a dark red-brown because of the abundant
hemorrhage & hemosiderin deposition within the tumour.
30. They commonly affect the MANDIBLE, CLAVICLE,
RIBS & PELVIS. They may be solitary but are often
multiple & long standing lesions may produce significant
CORTICAL EXPANSION.
The most severe skeletal manifestation of chronic
hyperparathyroidism is OSTEITIS FIBROSA
CYSTICA, a condition that develops from central
degeneration & fibrosis of long standing brown tumours.
31. GROANS
Refers to the tendency for the development of duodenal ulcers.
MOANS
Changes in mental status are often seen, ranging from lethargy &
weakness to confusion or dementia.
32. GENERAL RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES :
Osteitis fibrosa cystica are localized regions of bone loss produced by osteoclastic
activity, resulting in a loss of all apparent bone structure.
Demineralisation & thinning of cortical boundaries often occur in the jaws such as the
inferior border of mandible & the cortical outlines of the maxillary sinuses
In prominent hyperparathyroidism, the entire calvarium has a granular
appearance caused by the loss of central trabeculae & thinning
of cortical plates.
33. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES :
The brown tumour of hyperparathyroidism is histopathologically
identical to the CGCG of the jaws.
Both lesions are characterised by a proliferation of exceedingly
vascular granulation tissue, which serves as a background for
numerous multinucleated osteoclast type giant cells.
34. TREATMENT
PRIMARY - hyperplastic parathyroid tissue or
the functional tumor must be removed surgically to
reduce PTH levels to normal.
SECONDARY - signs and symptoms related to
renal calculi. Restriction of dietary phosphate &
use of phosphate-binding agents.
PARATHYROIDECTOMY
35. GIANT CELL FIBROMA
An oral tumour first described in 1974 by Weathers & Callihan as a
distinctive entity.
Unlike the traumatic fibroma, it doesnot appear to be associated with
chronic irritation.
36. CLINICAL FEATURES :
represents approximately 2 to 5% of all oral fibrous
proliferations.
AGE OF OCCURRENCE :
In about 60% of the cases, first 3 decades of life.
SEX PREDILECTION :
Some studies have suggested a slight female predilection
SITE :
Most common site is mandibular gingiva, followed by
maxillary gingiva, tongue & palate
37. The lesion usually presents as an asymptomatic
sessile or pedunculated nodule that is less than
1cm in diameter
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Squamous papilloma
traumatic fibroma
Pyogenic granuloma
Peripheral giant cell granuloma
38. HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES :
Appears as an unencapsulated mass of loose fibrous connective tissue
that contains numerous chracteristic large, plump, spindle shaped &
stellate fibroblasts some of which are multinucleated.
TREATMENT & PROGNOSIS :
Conservative excisional biopsy is curative & recurrence is rare
39. 39
OSTEOBLASTOMA (GIANT OSTEOID OSTEOMA)
An osteoblastoma is uncommon, benign tumor of
osteoblasts with areas of osteoid and calcific tissue.
Rare occurance
male to female ratio is 2:1
2nd and 3rd decades
characterized clinically by pain and swelling at the tumor site
40. 40
RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
LOCATION:
Osteoblastomas are found in the
tooth bearing regions and around
the temporomandibular joint .
PERIPHERY:
Borders may be diffuse or may
show some thinning of cortex.
Lesions often have soft tissue
capsule around the periphery and
abnormal bone at the central
regions.
41. 41
EFFECTS ON SURROUNDING STRUCTURE:
Osteoblastomas can expand bone, but usually a thin
outer cortex is maintained.
This lesion may invaginate the maxillary sinus or
the middle cranial fossa.
42. 42
HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
many dilated capillaries scattered through out the tissues.
Moderate number of multinucleated giant cells
Active proliferating osteoblasts
TREATMENT
Osteoblastomas are treated with curettage or local excision.
Recurrence is rare.
43. In 1890, J Hutchinson described an old
man with inflamed and swollen
temporal arteries- having a peculiar
form of thrombotic arteritis.
Horton disease
GILMOUR suggested the name
GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
Affects- SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL
ARTERY
44. CLINICAL FEATURES
AGE : older persons – 55-80 yrs
GENDER : Women > Men
CLINICAL PRESENTATION :
slow onset
Often the first sign is pain on chewing.
followed by headache , burning ,and throbbing type of pain
pain – localized in teeth, TMJ, occipital region
Ocular symptoms- loss of vision or retro orbital pain
SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY- sensitive to palpation
& eventually appears erythematous, swollen, tortuous.
45. TREATMENT FOR GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
•If Giant Cell Arteritis is caught early it can be treated with
steroid tablets
•Steroids help to reduce swelling.
•The blood can then flow freely to the optic nerve again.
This prevents the loss of vision.
Editor's Notes
The etiology is still unknown. Evidence exists of a genetic link, as 7 to
10 fold increase in incidence of the disease was observed in relatives of patients.
The most common presenting complaint is pain. The bone pain is perceived as a dull constant aching pain deep below the soft tissues. It may persist or exacerbate during the night.
Initial osteolytic phase is marked by disordered areas of resorption by an increased number of large osteoclasts.
These abnormal osteoclasts may contain as many as 100 nuclei.
The subsequent osteoblastic phase follows with haphazard laying of new bone matrix & formation of woven bone.
Refers to the fact that these patients, particularly those with primary hyperparathyroidism have a marked tendency to develop
Subperiosteal resorption of the phalanges of index & middle fingers
Generalised loss of lamina dura
Alterations of trabecular pattern – GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE