This document provides an outline for a presentation on exploring the potential of mobile learning in instruction. It discusses the emergence of mobile learning and defines it as a learner-oriented approach using mobile devices to access, interact with, and connect to the world. The document outlines advantages like quick access, learning on the go, and personalized learning. It also discusses attributes and drawbacks of mobile learning as well as criteria for evaluating educational apps.

2. Exploring The Potential of Mobile
Learning in Instruction
Prepared by:
Mohamed Kharbach
Prepared for:
MoRCE-Net 5th
Annual Conference
Feb 2nd, 2017

3. Outline
1- Introduction
2- Emergence of Mobile Learning
3- Nomadic Learners/ Non-places
4- What Is Mobile Learning?
5- Advantages of Mobile Learning in Education
6- Attributes of Mobile Learning
7- Drawbacks of Mobile Learning
8- App Evaluation Criteria
9- Suggested Apps to Use in Your Teaching (see attached document)
10- Teacher Resources on Mobile Learning (see attached document)
11- References

4. “A society which is mobile, which is full of
channels for distribution of a change occurring
anywhere, must see to it that its members are
educated to personal initiative and adaptability.
Otherwise, they will be overwhelmed by the
changes in which they are caught and whose
significance or connections they do not
perceive’ (Dewey, 1916)

5. We are living in a mobile connected world

6. Information Communication Technologies (ICTs)
First wave Second wave
Electronic devices such
as : Radio, TV,
Telephone, Fax,
Computers (desktop)
Mobile devices such as:
Mobile phones, Tablets,
Handheld laptops, Personal
Digital Assistants
(PDAs)...etc

7. ‘For the first time ever there are more gadgets in the world than there are people,’
(Boren, 2014)’

8. Source: Statista report on 2016 mobile Internet usage
https://www.statista.com/topics/779/mobile-internet/

9. ‘ For the first time in history, children
are more comfortable,
knowledgeable, and literate than their
parents about an innovation central to
society.‘ (Tapscott, 1998. p. 2).

10. 1- Emergence of a new concept: Mobile Learning
2- Mobile learners use their
handheld devices to access the
web and connect with the outer
world anywhere they go and
anytime they want.

11. 1
Nomadic Learners
2
Non-places
(Shepherd, 2001)

12. What is Mobile Learning ?

13. 1- ‘‘Any educational provision where the sole or dominant technologies are
handheld or palmtop devices.’’ ( Traxler, 2009 cited in Crompton et al. 2016, p.
150)
2- ‘‘The processes of coming to know through conversations across multiple
contexts among people and personal interactive technologies’’ (Sharples et al.
2007. p. 224 cited in Crompton et al. 2016)
3- “It's elearning through mobile computational devices: Palms, Windows CE
machines, even your digital cell phone.” (Quinn, 2000)
4- ‘M-learning is not just electronic, it's mobile. It's e-learning for people who have
learned the lesson that it's hard to hit a moving target.’(Shepherd, 2001)

14. Mobile learning is a learner-oriented approach that makes
use of mobile, handheld and often Internet enabled,
devices to access, interact, share, communicate and
connect with the outer world.

15. Advantages of Mobile Learning in education
1- Quick and easy access
2- Learning on the go
3- ‘ Help enhance encoding, recall, and transfer of information by allowing learners to access content in multiple formats
and highlighting the context and uses of the information’ (p 31, C1P1)
4- ‘Helps reach marginalized populations and improve education systems’ (Traxler, 2014)
5- Consolidate and extends face to face learning
6- Supports different modes and styles of learning
7- Enhances personalized learning
8- Encourages collaborative learning ( Behera, 2013)

16. Advantages of ML in education (Follow-up)
9- Time-saving (Behera, 2013)
10- Environmental-friendly (Behera, 2013)
11- Can attend to students with special needs
12- Promotes inquiry based learning (Wilson, M & Bolliger, D, 2013)
13- Learning autonomy and responsibility
14- Offers Meaningful learning experiences

17. Attributes of Mobile Learning

18. Drawbacks of Mobile Learning
1- Lack of solid theoretical background given the novelty of the concept
2- Privacy issues, personal information
3- Technical problems with devices,
4- Do not support some educational tasks such as extensive writing, given the specifics of screen displays and keyboards.
5- limitations in network connectivity
6- Small screens can result in eyestrain especially for users who use them for extended period of time.
7- Besides the cost of the phone, there is also the cost of cellular service and data plans

19. Apps Evaluation Criteria/Guidelines

20. Jonas-Dwyer et al. (2012) App Evaluation Framework.
1- Consider the credibility of the app developers
2- Determine whether the app is relevant in your context
3- Is the written and visual content aimed at the appropriate level?
4- Is there an advantage of using an app over a web based equivalent?
5- Consider the design and usability of the app
6- How does the app perform?
7- How much does it cost and are the updates free?
9- Consider whether the app can be customized or is extendable
8- Consider whether the app providers keep the information private?

21. 1-Consider the credibility of the app developers

22. 2- Determine whether the app is relevant in your context

23. 3- Is the written and visual content aimed at the appropriate level?

24. 4- Is there an advantage of using an app over a web based equivalent?

25. 5- Consider the design and usability of the app

26. 6- How does the app perform?

27. 7- How much does it cost and are the updates free?

28. 9- Consider whether the app can be customized or is extendable

29. 8- Consider whether the app providers keep the information private

30. References
Angwin, J. & Valentino-Devries, J. (2011). Apple, Google collect user data. The Wall Street Journal.Retrieved from
http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703983704576277101723453610
Behera, S. (2013). M-Learning : A new learning paradigm. International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications. 4(2). Retrieved from
http://www.ijonte.org/FileUpload/ks63207/File/03.behera.pdf.
Born, Z. (2014). There are officially more mobile devices than people in the world. Independent. Retrieved from:http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-
tech/news/there-are-officially-more-mobile-devices-than-people-in-the-world-9780518.html
Crompton, H., Burke, D., Gregory, K., & Grabe, C. (2016). The Use of Mobile Learning in Science: A Systematic Review. J Sci Educ Technol. 25:149–160, DOI
10.1007/s10956-015-9597-x
Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and Education.New York: Free Press.
Hockly, N. (2012). Mobile learning. ELT J. 67 (1): 80-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccs064
JISC. (2012). Mobile learning infoKit. Retrieved from http://goo.gl/txDkB (Last accessed on 27January 2017).
Jonas-Dwyer, D., et al. (2012). Evaluating apps for learning and teaching. iJET. 7(1).

31. References (follow-up)
Kynäslahti, H. (2003) In Search of elements of mobility in the context of education. In H. Kynäslahti & P. Seppälä (Eds.), Mobile learning (pp. 41–48). IT Press:
Helsinki.
Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2009). Will mobile learning change language learning?. ReCALL. 21(2): 157–65.
Quinn, C. (2000). mLearning: Mobile, Wireless and In-Your-Pocket Learning. Line Zine Magazine. Retrieved from
http://www.linezine.com/2.1features/cqmmwiyp.htm
Sharples, M., Taylor, J., & Vavoula, G. (2007). A theory of learning for the mobile age. In R. Andrews & C. Haythornthwaite (Eds), The Sage handbook of elearning
research. (pp. 221–247) Sage: London,
Seppala, P., & Alamaki, H. (2003). Mobile learning in teacher training. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 19, 330-335.
Shepherd, C. (2001). M is for maybe. Retrieved from http://www.fastrak-consulting.co.uk/tactix/Features/mlearning.htm,
Statista. (n.d.). Statistics and facts on mobile Internet usage. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/topics/779/mobile-internet/
Tapscott, D. (1998). Growing up digital: The Rise of the net generation. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Taller, J & Vosloo, S. (2014). Introduction: The prospects for mobile learning. Prospects. 44:13-28. DOI 10.1007/s11125-014-9296-z

32. References (follow-up)
Thurn, S. & Kane,Y. (2010). Your apps are watching you. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from
http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704694004576020083703574602
Traxler, J. 2009. ‘Learning in a mobile age’. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning. 1(1): 1–12.
Trinkle, D., & Merrinam, S. (2006). A 21st Century guide to Internet resources.4th ed. New York: M,E. Sharpe.
Wilson, M., & Bolliger, D. (2013). Mobile learning: Endless possibilities for allied health educators. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. 29(5): 220-224. DOI:
10.1177/8756479313503734

33. Image sources:
Slide 1: https://www.jisc.ac.uk/podcasts/networkshop43-register-for-your-chance-to-win-an-ipad-air-02-feb-2015
Slide 3: John Dewey: http://combiboilersleeds.com/authors/john-dewey-1.html
Slide 4: https://pixabay.com/en/human-faces-personal-connected-977414/
Slide 9: https://www.flickr.com/photos/125135071@N06/15257863222
Slide 10: http://playingwithmedia.com/category/tips/
Slide 13: https://www.flickr.com/photos/mikecogh/7691519996
Slide 18: https://pixabay.com/en/tree-app-structure-networks-gears-426264/
Slide 21: https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidjoyner/500147051/
Slide 22: https://www.pexels.com/photo/blurred-lines-keyboard-laptop-macbook-56757/
Slide 23: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribd

34. Image sources (follow-up)
Slide 24: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Augmented-reality.jpg
Slide 25:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Performance-Evaluation-Process-z.jpg
Slide 26:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:System-software-update.svg
Slide 27: http://maxpixel.freegreatpicture.com/Interface-Ux-Mobile-Design-Webdesign-App-Business-787980
Slide: 28: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:System-software-update.svg