The document defines an operating system as software that communicates with hardware and allows other programs to run. It provides basic functionality for devices and includes fundamental files needed for computers to boot up. The document lists different types of operating systems and provides examples like Windows 10, Windows 7, and Linux. It then gives the step-by-step process for installing Windows 7 on a computer, which involves changing the BIOS settings, booting from the installation disc, accepting license terms, selecting partitions for installation, and restarting into the new OS.