Explaining piezoelectricity
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Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials when they are compressed or deformed. It has many everyday uses such as in cigarette lighters, push-start propane barbecues, and as the time reference source in quartz watches. It is also useful for the production and detection of sound, generation of high voltages, electronic frequency generation, microbalances, and scientific instrumentation with atomic resolution.
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Piezoelectric materials generate an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress. They have applications in sensors, transducers, crystal oscillators, and energy harvesting from vibrations. Microwaves heat food by causing polar molecules like water to rotate rapidly and generate heat through dielectric heating. Superconductors enable applications like maglev trains, power cables, magnetic energy storage, particle accelerators, and medical imaging tools like MRI machines.
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A piezoelectric sensor uses the piezoelectric effect to convert changes in pressure, acceleration, temperature, strain or force into an electrical charge. Piezoelectric sensors are versatile tools that are used for quality assurance, process control, and research and development across many industries. They have limitations for static measurements but are otherwise a mature and reliable sensing technology. Piezoresistive sensors undergo a change in electrical resistance when subjected to mechanical strain, and are commonly used in integrated circuits made from piezoresistive materials like silicon.
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The following presentation gives idea about piezoelectric materials, its principle and some of its upcoming applications.
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Piezoelectricity uses certain crystals that generate electric current when subjected to mechanical pressure. Quartz, Rochelle salts, and tourmaline exhibit the piezoelectric effect. This effect can be harnessed to generate electricity from walking traffic on roads or dancing floors. Piezoelectric tiles beneath roads could generate 200 kWh of power per hour per kilometer of a single lane. This piezoelectric energy harvesting requires no infrastructure and uses wasted mechanical energy without occupying a large area.
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Appearance of an electric potential across certain faces of a crystal when it is subjected to mechanical pressure
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The document discusses spintronics, which uses the spin of electrons rather than just their charge. It introduces spintronics and why it is needed as Moore's Law fails. Examples of spintronic devices are mentioned, including MRAM, spin transistors, and quantum computers. The conclusion is that spintronics could lead to smaller, lower power devices and quantum technologies that will transform information technology in the 21st century.
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Spintronics is a NANO technology which deals with spin dependent properties of an electron instead of charge dependent properties.
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With an all-magnetic RAM, it is now possible to have a computer that retains all the information put into it. Most importantly, there will be no ‘boot-up’ waiting period when power is turned on.
Another promising feature of spintronics is that it doesn’t require the use of unique and specialized semiconductor, there by allowing it to work with common metals like Cu, Al, Ag.
Spintronics will use less power than conventional electronics, because the energy needed to change spin is a minute fraction of what is needed to push charge around.
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- Piezoelectricity was discovered in 1880 by the Curie brothers and refers to the accumulation of electric charges on certain crystalline structures when subjected to mechanical stress.
- Common piezoelectric materials include quartz, gallium orthophosphate, barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, and polyvinylidene difluoride. These materials generate electric charges due to the displacement of ions within their nonsymmetrical crystalline structures under stress.
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Spintronics is an emerging field that uses electron spin rather than charge to carry information. It promises devices with enhanced functionality, higher speeds, and lower power consumption compared to traditional electronics. Spintronic devices work by manipulating the spin states of electrons in ferromagnetic materials using magnetic fields. Potential applications include magnetic RAM that retains data when power is off, magnetic sensors, and spin transistors. Spintronics may enable smaller, more energy efficient devices and become comparable to electronics within 10 years due to its non-dissipative nature.
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This document outlines a lesson plan on spintronics. The objectives are for students to understand the differences between classic and quantum mechanics, learn about spintronics and qubits, and compare conventional and spintronic devices. Concepts to be covered include quantum mechanics, spin-based electronics, qubits, and applications such as hard drives and memory. Students will design a computer using future spintronic technologies and present their design. Their understanding will be evaluated based on a written report and presentation.
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Piezoelectricity is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. This effect was discovered in 1880 by Pierre and Jacques Curie. Materials that exhibit piezoelectricity include quartz, Rochelle salt, and barium titanate. Piezoelectric materials are used in various applications such as generating electricity from vibration sources like walking, trains, and machinery. They have advantages of high frequency response, small size, and rugged construction.
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3) These units are used to measure and describe computer memory, storage, and data transmission speeds in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes etc. depending on the size of the data or storage being referred to
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Satellites orbit planets due to a balance between gravitational and centrifugal forces. They move at high speeds, around 17,000 mph, to maintain stable orbits. Satellites can be polar, geosynchronous, or geostationary depending on their orbit and purpose. Polar satellites hover over the poles to monitor the entire planet, while geosynchronous/geostationary satellites remain fixed over one location to communicate with receivers below. Satellites have transmitters to send signals, receivers to receive signals, and transponders that handle communication functions.
RFID
RFID is a Radio Frequency Identification Device that is used in shopping malls to help prevent theft. If a customer leaves the store without paying for an item that has an RFID tag, the tag will set off an alarm at the exit to alert staff. RFID tags allow items to be tracked wirelessly using radio waves rather than physically scanning each item like a barcode.
QR CODE
This document discusses ways to promote a business through advertisements, guided tours, creative ice breakers, packing products for shipping, and uses in education. It also briefly mentions the circulatory system and how students are often on devices where QR code readers can save searches.
Qr
QR codes were first created in 1994 by Denso Wave to track vehicle parts during manufacturing. While initially used for logistics and production tracking, QR codes are now commonly used for mobile ticketing and marketing to provide extra information to viewers. However, QR codes often fail because the content is not optimized for mobile use and there is no way to track metrics like number of scans and viewer location. The document discusses the history of QR codes and barcodes, actual uses of QR codes, limitations of QR codes, examples of QR code use, alternatives to QR codes, and poses questions about improving QR codes.
Qr codes
Barcodes and QR codes are machine-readable codes that contain information about an object. Barcodes use a pattern of bars and spaces that are scanned by light, while QR codes use a two-dimensional matrix that can be scanned by smartphones. Common barcode types include Code 39 for non-retail uses and Code 128 for shipping and retail, while QR codes are most commonly used with mobile devices to link to websites or send SMS messages. Both barcodes and QR codes require a quiet zone around the code and are interpreted by scanners or smartphone apps that convert the light reflection or image into readable digital information.
Teamviewr
TeamViewer is a proprietary computer software package for remote control, desktop sharing, online meetings, web conferencing and file transfer between computers. It allows users to remotely access and control another personal computer with a graphical user interface over the Internet. TeamViewer is cross-platform, running on Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS and Android.
How does TeamViewer work?
TeamViewer uses peer-to-peer technology to establish a secure connection between two computers running the TeamViewer software. Once installed, the software generates a randomly assigned ID number and password to identify the local computer. This information is then used by another TeamViewer user to remotely access the computer. The remote control feature allows the user to view and control the desktop of
Malware
Malware comes in various forms and can infect computers through many sources such as malicious websites, pirated software/media, and emails. There are three main types of malware: viruses, trojans, and worms, which operate differently to disrupt computers. Users can protect themselves by only visiting trusted sites, avoiding suspicious ads and emails, and using antivirus and firewall software to block unauthorized access and programs. Malware aims to access personal information and systems without permission.
Q 1
Google+ is a social network from Google that allows users to share messages or links with circles of contacts, similar to groups on Facebook. It offers features like video chatting, sharing documents and broadcasting live videos. Businesses can create Google+ pages for a public presence on Google. The service was initially opened to a small group in 2011 before being made publicly available in 2012. Java and JavaScript are programming languages used in Google+.
Ppi
Pixel is the smallest unit of a digital image. Pictures are made up of many pixels arranged in a grid, with each pixel supporting red, green, and blue color values. The document provides an example screen resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels, which equals a total of 786432 pixels. It then calculates the pixel density of a 4.5 inch screen with that resolution to be 6.1 pixels per inch (PPI).
Nfc
NFC allows for short-range wireless data transfer between devices when they are touched or brought within close proximity. It can be used for transferring contacts, photos, videos and files between devices, pairing devices like Bluetooth headphones, making mobile payments at checkouts, and storing information on NFC tags like business cards that can be read by other devices.
Network
This document discusses different types of computer networks. It defines a computer network as a collection of computers and devices connected to each other to communicate and share resources. The key points made are:
- Computer networks can be classified by connection method (wired vs wireless), scale (LAN, WAN, etc.), functional relationship (client-server, peer-to-peer), and topology.
- Common network types include personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), campus area networks (CANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), virtual private networks (VPNs), and global area networks.
- Internetworking involves connecting distinct networks using common routing
Mobile processor
A mobile processor is found in mobile computers and cell phones. The main companies that produce mobile processors are Qualcomm, Samsung, Mediatek, and NVIDIA. Key aspects of mobile processor technology include transistor size, number of cores, and processing frequency, with newer processors having smaller transistors, more cores, and higher frequencies.
Lasik eye surgery
LASIK eye surgery uses lasers to improve vision by reshaping the cornea. A laser is a device that emits light through stimulated emission of radiation, and was first developed in 1960 based on theoretical work. Among other uses, lasers are used in laser eye surgery procedures like LASIK. In a LASIK procedure, a doctor first cuts a small window in the cornea using a laser, then uses another laser to reshape the cornea which improves the patient's vision.
Iris
1. The document discusses different biometric identification methods including iris scanning, fingerprint analysis, and DNA testing.
2. Iris scanning involves using mathematical pattern recognition techniques to analyze unique patterns in a person's irises. Over 250 points are scanned in iris recognition compared to only 30 points for fingerprint analysis.
3. Iris scanning has been implemented for security purposes in border control systems, ATMs, airports, and smartphones. It provides a contactless way to identify individuals.
Internet vs intranet vs extranet
The document defines and compares Internet, intranet, and extranet. The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers accessible to anyone. An intranet is a private internal network, similar to the Internet, contained within an organization. An extranet extends an organization's intranet to allow access to selected external partners and customers while maintaining security. Types of extranets include public, private, and virtual private networks (VPNs) which use encryption tunnels for secure transmission over public networks.
Ingestible robots
Ingestible robots are being developed that can be swallowed to capture health data inside the body. These robots can change shape once inside and swim through the bloodstream to gather information. Some prototypes include swimming robots that could collect data from within the bloodstream.
I3 vs i5 vs i7
This document compares Intel i3, i5, and i7 processors. i3 processors are dual-core with hyperthreading and cache memory, making them best for basic tasks. i5 processors are dual-core in laptops and quad-core in desktops, performing better than i3s. i7 processors have the largest cache memory at 8MB and are best for intensive tasks like 3D animation and software development. Generations refer to the transistor size, with newer generations having smaller transistors.
How does wireless inductive charging work
Wireless inductive charging uses an electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two coils - a transmitting coil in the charging device and a receiving coil in the device being charged. When the coils are aligned close to each other, an alternating current flowing through the transmitting coil produces an alternating electromagnetic field that induces a current in the receiving coil through electromagnetic induction. This allows devices like smartphones to charge without plugging in a cable by placing them on a charging pad.
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Explaining piezoelectricity
- 1. Piezoelectricity We use it Everyday
- 2. Piezoelectricity • Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials. •
- 3. Piezoelectricity where is use ? Useful such as the •production and detection of sound, •generation of high voltages, •electronic frequency generation, •microbalances, •scientific instrumental techniques with atomic resolution, •microscopies, such as STM, AFM, MTA, SNOM, etc., •Everyday uses, such as Cigarette lighters, and push-start propane barbecues, As well as the time reference source in quartz watches.
- 4. Piezoelectricity where is use ? Piezoelectricity Equipment
- 5. Piezoelectricity uses!!! production and detection of sound
- 6. Piezoelectricity uses!!! Generation of high voltages
- 7. Piezoelectricity uses!!! Electronic frequency generation
- 9. Piezoelectricity uses!!! Scientific instrumental techniques with atomic resolution
- 11. Piezoelectricity uses!!! Push-Start Propane Barbecues
- 14. Piezoelectricity A piezoelectric disk generates a voltage when deformed (change in shape is greatly exaggerated)
- 15. Smart Phone Xaomi Mi Use piezoelectricity Concept
- 16. Piezoelectricity Concept Metals Arrangment Particular order sys Crystal
- 17. Iron Metal Arrangment Metals Arrangment Particular order Geometric Crystal
- 19. Piezoelectricity
- 20. Piezoelectricity