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1. By- Sakti Prasanna 1

2. OVERVIEW
1) Introduction
2) Cause of piezoelectricity
3) Discovery
4) Materials exhibiting this property
5) Field of applications
6) Mechanism of some applications
7) Conclusion
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3. WHAT THE PIEZOELECTRICITY IS
Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain
materials to generate an electric charge in
response to applied mechanical stress.
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4. Reverse piezoelectric effect:
when voltage is applied on two opposite
surfaces of a piezoelectric material that
shows expansion or contraction.
 Piezoelectricity is derived from the Greek
word “piezo” or “piezein” which means to
squeeze or press.
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5. CAUSE OF PIEZOELECTRICITY
Piezoelectric effect is formed in crystal
having no centre of symmetry.
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6. DISCOVERY
Piezoelectric effect was first proven in 1880
by the French Physicist brothers Pierre and
Jacques Curie
Pierre Curie Jacques Curie 6

7. MATERIALS EXHIBITING THE PROPERTY:
NATURAL OCCURING MATERIALS:
1) Quartz(SiO2)
2) Sucrose (table sugar)
3) Rochelle salt
4) Topaz(Al2SiO4(F,OH)2)
5) Dry bone
6) Dentine
SYNTHETIC MATERIALS:
1) Barium titanate (BaTiO3)
2) Lead zirconate titanate
3) Potassium niobate (KNbO3)
4) Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3)
5) Sodium niobate (NaNbO3)
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8. APPLICATION FIELDS
A. As high voltage power source:
 LPG stove Lighter and Cigarette lighter
 Energy harvesting in micro scale (New concept)
 Piezoelectric transformer (New concept)
B. Sensors and Actuators:
 High precision piezoelectric microphones
 Electric guitar pickup
 Piezoelectric micro balance (very sensitive chemical
and biological sensors)
 Strain gauge
 Electronic drum pad
 Pressure sensors
 Accelerometer (New concept)
 Loud speaker and buzzer(Actuator)
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9. C. As frequency standard:
 General quartz clock
 Crystal oscillator
D. Sonic and Ultra sonic applications
 Underwater submarine detection
 Ultrasound in medical technology
 Metal fault detection
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10. E. Piezoelectric motor:
 A piezoelectric motor or piezo motor is a type
of electric motor based upon the change in
shape of a piezoelectric material when an
electric field is applied.
 Piezoelectric motors make use of the
converse piezoelectric effect whereby the
material produces acoustic or ultrasonic
vibrations in order to produce a linear or rotary
motion due to friction.
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11. Mechanism of piezo-motor:
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12. Uses of piezoelectric motor:
 Movement of camera lens
 Rotation of radar
 Very small scale valve control
 Laser movement in case of biomedical modern operations
Advantages:
 No stray field effect
 High resolution and high accuracy
 Rapid response
 Wide range of angular steps and angular velocities
Disadvantages:
 Necessity for a high frequency power supply
 Large scale devices are impossible
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13. MECHANISM OF LPG STOVE LIGHTER
When a piezoelectric material is hammered a
high voltage is generated and causes spark.
Which is the basis of piezoelectric LPG
lighter.
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14. Piezoelectric Igniter
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Lead zirconate
titanate
(PZT)

15. Cigarette Lighters:
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16. MECHANISM OF QUARTZ CLOCK
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17. Clock uses piezoelectric quartz crystal Oscillator as
frequency standard for tracking the time.
 Battery provides current to input microchip circuit
 Input microchip circuit makes quartz crystal (precisely
cut and shaped like a tuning fork) oscillate (vibrate)
32768 times per second.
 Output microchip circuit detects the crystal's oscillations
and turns them into regular electric pulses, one per
second.
 Electric pulses drive miniature electric stepping motor.
This converts electrical energy into mechanical power.
 Electric stepping motor turns gears.
 Gears sweep hands around the clock-face to keep time
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18. Crystal Oscillators:
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Crystal oscillators are not only used in clock
but in all microprocessor based digital
systems

19. PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSFORMER
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20.  An ac voltage is applied to the VIN electrodes, causing
mechanical expansion and compression in the thickness
direction.
 This displacement on the primary is transferred as a force in
the longitudinal or length direction.
 Mechanical resonance occurs Due to transverse and
longitudinal vibration.
 Voltage gain is a function of the PZT is given by
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Where g(w) is piezoelectric material co-
efficient

21. MECHANISM OF PIEZOELECTRIC
ACCELEROMETER
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22. ENERGY HARVESTING USING PIEZOELECTRICITY
Vibrations can be used to generate electricity
in micro scale using piezoelectric materials.
Sources of vibration:
 Walk sides
 Railway tracks
 Shoes or boots
 Mobile keypad and keyboard
 Floor mat, tiles and carpets
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23. 23
This is the circuit for utilisation of generated energy.
The generated ac voltage is rectified and stored in a
capacitor for use.
Also trickle charge can be provided to a battery to
recharge it.

24. CONCLUSION
 Revolutionary concept in the field of sensors
and transducers.
 There are also some future aspects those
need to be developed such as piezoelectric
accelerometer, motor, underwater acoustic
transducers, piezoelectric transformers ect.
 Energy harvesting through piezoelectricity is
both economical and eco-friendly.
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25. REFERENCES
BOOKS
 J.P. Bentley, Principles of Measurement Systems-
Pearson Education
 William D. Callister, David G. Rethwisch, Material
Science and Engineering an introduction, Wiley
Publication
 How it works, The clock, A CBT Publication
 K. Krishna Murty, How things work?, Pustak Mahal
WEB
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity
 http://www.explainthatstuff.com/quartzclockwatch.html
 http://www.mmech.com/transformers
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_accelerometer
 http://www.explainthatstuff.com/accelerometers.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_motor
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