This document summarizes several studies on the use of sewage sludge ash (SSA) as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Key findings include:
- SSA can replace up to 10-15% of cement without significantly reducing concrete's mechanical properties. SSA concrete showed improved strength in some studies.
- SSA modifies the pore structure of concrete, reducing absorptivity and permeability.
- Pre-treatments like drying, grinding, or calcining SSA can improve its properties as a cement replacement and affect the workability and strength of concrete.
- Using SSA in concrete provides an environmentally-friendly way to dispose of sewage waste while creating a usable construction material.
durability aspects in reference to permeable voids and leaching of calcium hy...IJCMESJOURNAL
The concrete industry is constantly looking for supplementary cementitious material with the objective of reducing the solid waste disposal problem. Fly ash (FA) and Quarry sand (QS) are some among the solid wastes generated by industry. The Quarry sand is one such material which can be used to replace sand as fine aggregate. To overcome from this crisis, partial replacement of natural sand (NS) with Quarry sand and partial replacement of cement with FA can be an economic alternative. This research is carried to study the effect of replacement of sand by Quarry sand and cement by fly ash with using admixture in concrete, especially in reference to permeable voids development, compressive strength, leaching of Ca(OH)2 in curing water and RCPT at 28, 56 and 90 days of age. A M25, M30, M40 Grade concrete were chosen for research. The mix design was carried out and three combinations were chosen, first combination using 100% Natural sand and 100% cement ( treated as controlled mix).In second combination 100%Natural sand is replaced by Quarry sand and cement remains100%. In third combination 30% cement is replaced by Fly ash and 45% Natural sand is replaced by Quarry sand (treated as critical mix). These were chosen from 30 combinations of variable % of Natural sand and Quarry sand and fly ash. The study is aim at understanding the performance of critical mix in reference to controlled mix and concrete containing 100% quarry sand. It is observed that if quarry and is used for concrete then suitable percentage natural sand and fly ash must be added to achieve desired compressive strength and performance of concrete.
Natural resources are vanishing universal while at the similar time the generated wastes from the industry are
growing substantially. The sustainable development for construction requires the use of nonconventional and
innovative materials, and recycling of demolished and waste materials so to compensate the lack of natural
resources and to find alternative ways of conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the consequences
of an experimental study carried out to evaluate the power-driven properties of concrete mixtures in which fine
aggregate (sand) was swapped with Copper Slag (CS) while coarse aggregates were swapped by used and
recycled concrete coarse aggregate (RCA) from demolished structure or building. Both the coarse and fine
aggregate were replaced with percentages 0% (for the control mixture), 10%, 20%, 30%, of Copper Slag by
weight ratio. Tests were performed for properties of new concrete and toughened Concrete simultaneously.
Slump test was conducted to regulate the workability of the several design concrete mix. Compressive strength
and split tensile strength were determined at 7, 28 days of curing completely.
The results show that workability shrinkages slightly with rise in Copper Slag ratio, however workability for
the illustrations were within the prearranged boundary for M25 concrete. Test results shown substantial
enhancement in the strength assets of simple concrete by the insertion of CS alone whereas a reverse tendency
in observed for growing proportion of RCA in the illustration. The result of this study work displayed that
Copper slag in addition recycled concrete aggregate can be efficiently used in physical concrete as a standby of
coarse aggregate and fine aggregate (sand) respectively.
durability aspects in reference to permeable voids and leaching of calcium hy...IJCMESJOURNAL
The concrete industry is constantly looking for supplementary cementitious material with the objective of reducing the solid waste disposal problem. Fly ash (FA) and Quarry sand (QS) are some among the solid wastes generated by industry. The Quarry sand is one such material which can be used to replace sand as fine aggregate. To overcome from this crisis, partial replacement of natural sand (NS) with Quarry sand and partial replacement of cement with FA can be an economic alternative. This research is carried to study the effect of replacement of sand by Quarry sand and cement by fly ash with using admixture in concrete, especially in reference to permeable voids development, compressive strength, leaching of Ca(OH)2 in curing water and RCPT at 28, 56 and 90 days of age. A M25, M30, M40 Grade concrete were chosen for research. The mix design was carried out and three combinations were chosen, first combination using 100% Natural sand and 100% cement ( treated as controlled mix).In second combination 100%Natural sand is replaced by Quarry sand and cement remains100%. In third combination 30% cement is replaced by Fly ash and 45% Natural sand is replaced by Quarry sand (treated as critical mix). These were chosen from 30 combinations of variable % of Natural sand and Quarry sand and fly ash. The study is aim at understanding the performance of critical mix in reference to controlled mix and concrete containing 100% quarry sand. It is observed that if quarry and is used for concrete then suitable percentage natural sand and fly ash must be added to achieve desired compressive strength and performance of concrete.
Natural resources are vanishing universal while at the similar time the generated wastes from the industry are
growing substantially. The sustainable development for construction requires the use of nonconventional and
innovative materials, and recycling of demolished and waste materials so to compensate the lack of natural
resources and to find alternative ways of conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the consequences
of an experimental study carried out to evaluate the power-driven properties of concrete mixtures in which fine
aggregate (sand) was swapped with Copper Slag (CS) while coarse aggregates were swapped by used and
recycled concrete coarse aggregate (RCA) from demolished structure or building. Both the coarse and fine
aggregate were replaced with percentages 0% (for the control mixture), 10%, 20%, 30%, of Copper Slag by
weight ratio. Tests were performed for properties of new concrete and toughened Concrete simultaneously.
Slump test was conducted to regulate the workability of the several design concrete mix. Compressive strength
and split tensile strength were determined at 7, 28 days of curing completely.
The results show that workability shrinkages slightly with rise in Copper Slag ratio, however workability for
the illustrations were within the prearranged boundary for M25 concrete. Test results shown substantial
enhancement in the strength assets of simple concrete by the insertion of CS alone whereas a reverse tendency
in observed for growing proportion of RCA in the illustration. The result of this study work displayed that
Copper slag in addition recycled concrete aggregate can be efficiently used in physical concrete as a standby of
coarse aggregate and fine aggregate (sand) respectively.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
Utilization of Marble Powder in Making of Cement Concrete and Analysis of Its...ijtsrd
Cement clinker production is a high energy, resource intensive process that contributes significantly to annual global detrimental greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced clinker content in the manufacture of concrete by partial substitution of cement with supplemental cementitious materials is one possible technique to alleviate environmental difficulties or problems associated with cement based materials. Quarrying typically generates a large amount of waste. In general, processed quarrying production accounts for 30 of total stone removed, whereas waste quarrying trash and processing waste accounts for 70 of total stone extracted during this procedure. This wastage not only causes financial losses but also produces environmental issues, so in this experimental inquiry programme, we partially substitute the cement with marble dust in varied percentages, i.e. 0 , 5 , 10 , and 15 . In this project, we make concrete samples with varied mixes containing different percentages of marble dust. We execute several tests on these prepared samples, such as compressive strength testing, split tensile strength testing, and flexural strength testing. When we compared the test results of the prepared samples to conventional concrete, we discovered that with a partial replacement level of cement of up to 10 by marble dust, all physical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength increased. Manish Kumar | Hirendra Pratap Singh | Rakesh Sakale "Utilization of Marble Powder in Making of Cement Concrete and Analysis of Its Strength Characteristics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49749.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/49749/utilization-of-marble-powder-in-making-of-cement-concrete-and-analysis-of-its-strength-characteristics/manish-kumar
A Research on the Behaviour of Concrete by Partially Replacement of Cement wi...ijtsrd
We are well aware that the production of cement does a lot of harm to the environment. It includes tons of similar carbon emissions from other chemicals. Research has shown that every ton of cement output releases half a ton of carbon dioxide, so the need to regulate the use of cement is immediate. For example, Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash is hard to arrange on the hand materials squanders which is consequently ecological danger. The Bagasse debris gives concrete strong early cohesion, and also decreases cement porousness. During hydration, the silica present in the Bagasse debris reacts with concrete segments and gives extra properties such as chloride opposition, erosion obstruction and so on. Using Bagasse debris in concrete thus decreases the ecological pollution as well as improves the properties of cement and thus decreases the quality. This undertaking manages for the most part to substitute concrete with Bagasse debris in defined degree and to test the mixed cement on SCBA. The solid blend formed by fluctuating the Bagasse debris differential extent at 0 percent, 10 percent, 15 percent, 20 percent, 30 , 40 percent. The test result shows that the consistency of solid increases up to 10 per cent Sugar stick bagasse debris with concrete supplanting. Anisha | Dr. Sumesh Jain "A Research on the Behaviour of Concrete by Partially Replacement of Cement with Sugarcane Bagasse" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33354.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33354/a-research-on-the-behaviour-of-concrete-by-partially-replacement-of-cement-with-sugarcane-bagasse/anisha
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE CEMENTS CONTAINING MI...IAEME Publication
Portland cement is one of the most used materials in the world. Due the environmental problems related to its use, such as CO2 emission and use of non-renewable raw materials, new materials are being researched. In the recent years, there is a great interest in replacing a long time used materials in concrete structure by nanomaterials (NMs) to produce concrete with novel function and better performance at unprecedented levels. NMs are used either to replace part of cement, producing ecological profile concrete or as admixtures in cement pastes. The great reactivity of NMs is attributed to their high purity and specific surface area.
Strength Studies on Metakaolin Modified Cement Mortar with Quarry Dust as Fin...IDES Editor
Scarcity of river sand is one of the major problems
in the construction industry. Studies were conducted to find
out the feasibility of using quarry dust to partially replace
sand in concrete. . These studies revealed that, due to increased
fineness, the combination require an increased water cement
ratio which results in strength reduction or the use of a water
reducing admixture. Use of super pozzolanic supplementary
cementing materials such as silica fume, rice husk ash,
metakaolin etc in concrete and mortar improves the strength
even at a higher water binder ratio. Metakaolin, a
manufactured material, calcined kaolinite is available at
moderate cost. This paper presents the results of a study to
use metakaolin in cement mortar as a partial replacement of
cement where quarry dust was used as the fine aggregate.
The effect of water binder ratio and metakaolin replacement
level on the compressive strength of cement quarry dust mortar
was investigated.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
Utilization of Marble Powder in Making of Cement Concrete and Analysis of Its...ijtsrd
Cement clinker production is a high energy, resource intensive process that contributes significantly to annual global detrimental greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced clinker content in the manufacture of concrete by partial substitution of cement with supplemental cementitious materials is one possible technique to alleviate environmental difficulties or problems associated with cement based materials. Quarrying typically generates a large amount of waste. In general, processed quarrying production accounts for 30 of total stone removed, whereas waste quarrying trash and processing waste accounts for 70 of total stone extracted during this procedure. This wastage not only causes financial losses but also produces environmental issues, so in this experimental inquiry programme, we partially substitute the cement with marble dust in varied percentages, i.e. 0 , 5 , 10 , and 15 . In this project, we make concrete samples with varied mixes containing different percentages of marble dust. We execute several tests on these prepared samples, such as compressive strength testing, split tensile strength testing, and flexural strength testing. When we compared the test results of the prepared samples to conventional concrete, we discovered that with a partial replacement level of cement of up to 10 by marble dust, all physical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength increased. Manish Kumar | Hirendra Pratap Singh | Rakesh Sakale "Utilization of Marble Powder in Making of Cement Concrete and Analysis of Its Strength Characteristics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49749.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/49749/utilization-of-marble-powder-in-making-of-cement-concrete-and-analysis-of-its-strength-characteristics/manish-kumar
A Research on the Behaviour of Concrete by Partially Replacement of Cement wi...ijtsrd
We are well aware that the production of cement does a lot of harm to the environment. It includes tons of similar carbon emissions from other chemicals. Research has shown that every ton of cement output releases half a ton of carbon dioxide, so the need to regulate the use of cement is immediate. For example, Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash is hard to arrange on the hand materials squanders which is consequently ecological danger. The Bagasse debris gives concrete strong early cohesion, and also decreases cement porousness. During hydration, the silica present in the Bagasse debris reacts with concrete segments and gives extra properties such as chloride opposition, erosion obstruction and so on. Using Bagasse debris in concrete thus decreases the ecological pollution as well as improves the properties of cement and thus decreases the quality. This undertaking manages for the most part to substitute concrete with Bagasse debris in defined degree and to test the mixed cement on SCBA. The solid blend formed by fluctuating the Bagasse debris differential extent at 0 percent, 10 percent, 15 percent, 20 percent, 30 , 40 percent. The test result shows that the consistency of solid increases up to 10 per cent Sugar stick bagasse debris with concrete supplanting. Anisha | Dr. Sumesh Jain "A Research on the Behaviour of Concrete by Partially Replacement of Cement with Sugarcane Bagasse" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33354.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33354/a-research-on-the-behaviour-of-concrete-by-partially-replacement-of-cement-with-sugarcane-bagasse/anisha
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE CEMENTS CONTAINING MI...IAEME Publication
Portland cement is one of the most used materials in the world. Due the environmental problems related to its use, such as CO2 emission and use of non-renewable raw materials, new materials are being researched. In the recent years, there is a great interest in replacing a long time used materials in concrete structure by nanomaterials (NMs) to produce concrete with novel function and better performance at unprecedented levels. NMs are used either to replace part of cement, producing ecological profile concrete or as admixtures in cement pastes. The great reactivity of NMs is attributed to their high purity and specific surface area.
Strength Studies on Metakaolin Modified Cement Mortar with Quarry Dust as Fin...IDES Editor
Scarcity of river sand is one of the major problems
in the construction industry. Studies were conducted to find
out the feasibility of using quarry dust to partially replace
sand in concrete. . These studies revealed that, due to increased
fineness, the combination require an increased water cement
ratio which results in strength reduction or the use of a water
reducing admixture. Use of super pozzolanic supplementary
cementing materials such as silica fume, rice husk ash,
metakaolin etc in concrete and mortar improves the strength
even at a higher water binder ratio. Metakaolin, a
manufactured material, calcined kaolinite is available at
moderate cost. This paper presents the results of a study to
use metakaolin in cement mortar as a partial replacement of
cement where quarry dust was used as the fine aggregate.
The effect of water binder ratio and metakaolin replacement
level on the compressive strength of cement quarry dust mortar
was investigated.
Similar to “EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH AND GGBS IN CONCRETE” (20)
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.