The present experimental study deals with pre-soaked slurry two stage mixing approach
(PSTSMA) for achieving best mechanical properties. The Recycled aggregate was used in three
variant as 30%, 50% and 100% replacements of Natural aggregate in M40 grade of concrete.
Through experimental study and analysis, it is observed that using PSTSMA the replacement of
30% RCA with natural coarse aggregate does not more affect the characteristics of concrete.
PSTSMA method improve up to 6.35% the strength of recycled aggregate concrete made up of
recycled aggregate at 28 days respectively w.r.t. Normal Mixing Approach(NMA). It is observed
that concrete prepared with PSTSMA gives better properties than concrete with NMA.
The comparative study of recycled aggregate and natural aggregate also the comparison between recycled aggregate concrete(RAC) and Natural aggregate concrete(NAC) in various aspects.
Concrete is a major waste in construction Industry. It needs to be recycled to make a waste free environment. So how concrete is recycled, which type of concrete can be recycled, where it can be used is mentioned in this ppt.
The comparative study of recycled aggregate and natural aggregate also the comparison between recycled aggregate concrete(RAC) and Natural aggregate concrete(NAC) in various aspects.
Concrete is a major waste in construction Industry. It needs to be recycled to make a waste free environment. So how concrete is recycled, which type of concrete can be recycled, where it can be used is mentioned in this ppt.
Abstract
Fly ash, Lime and gypsum are industrial wastes generated in millions of tones every year. Utilization of these materials is effective
way of disposing the pollutants. In this research fly ash, lime, and gypsum were used in definite proportion along with quarry dust to
produce FaL-G blocks. These blocks were tested for compressive strength, water absorption, IRA, density, flexure and modulus of
elasticity. Masonry prisms were constructed using FaL-G blocks to determine shear bond strength, flexural bond strength, low rise
masonry shear, modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and masonry efficiency. It was found that FaL-G masonry blocks can
replace conventional masonry units.
Keywords: Fly ash, Lime, Gypsum, FaL-G, Flexure bond strength, Shear bond strength and Masonry.
The geopolymer cement is formed by polymerization process which involves the reaction between an aluminosilicate source material such as fly-ash, GGBS, etc. with an alkaline activator solutions.
MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST ...IEI GSC
Presentation on MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST CONCRETE
made by Daxesh Patel under guidance of Prof Sonal Thakkar at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
Utilisation of Fly Ash in Cement ConcretePramey Zode
To meet the ever increasing demand of electricity, Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) are being set up all over the world, thereby resulting into more consumption of the coal in these plants. The disposal of ash derived from combustion has become a major issue now-a-days. The study of Fly Ash, as it is called, has found that it can be used in various civil engineering applications such as bricks and concrete making. This paper reviews the utilisation of Fly Ash as the admixture in partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement to upto 35%, and even more upto 50% in High- Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) concrete which reduces the water demand, improves the workability, minimizes cracking due to thermal and drying shrinkage, and enhances durability to reinforcement corrosion, sulphate attack, and alkali-silica expansion. This admixing proves to be a best filler material which also reduce overall cost of construction and act as an eco-friendly material.
Construction industry is one of the biggest sector in India with increasing demand. We need to take certain actions and precautions on site to reduce construction waste. Metro cities like Pune, Mumbai and Bangalore etc. are most congested cities. So, the need of flats, apartments, row houses etc. is increasing with higher rate. We need to demolish the existing old structures and build new structures to have the maximum space for environmental purpose. So, there is increasing in demolition waste as compared with construction waste.
There should be certain provisions for the checking of this waste management cycle to prevent its impact on environment. Construction and demolition waste can be classified into 2 components; major components include cement concrete, bricks, cement plaster, steel from RCC, doors & windows, roofing support systems, rubble, stones, timber etc. and minor components includes conduits, GI pipes/Iron pipes/Plastic pipes, electrical fixtures, panels, glass etc.
Please view presentation for detailed report.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
Abstract
Fly ash, Lime and gypsum are industrial wastes generated in millions of tones every year. Utilization of these materials is effective
way of disposing the pollutants. In this research fly ash, lime, and gypsum were used in definite proportion along with quarry dust to
produce FaL-G blocks. These blocks were tested for compressive strength, water absorption, IRA, density, flexure and modulus of
elasticity. Masonry prisms were constructed using FaL-G blocks to determine shear bond strength, flexural bond strength, low rise
masonry shear, modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and masonry efficiency. It was found that FaL-G masonry blocks can
replace conventional masonry units.
Keywords: Fly ash, Lime, Gypsum, FaL-G, Flexure bond strength, Shear bond strength and Masonry.
The geopolymer cement is formed by polymerization process which involves the reaction between an aluminosilicate source material such as fly-ash, GGBS, etc. with an alkaline activator solutions.
MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST ...IEI GSC
Presentation on MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST CONCRETE
made by Daxesh Patel under guidance of Prof Sonal Thakkar at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
Utilisation of Fly Ash in Cement ConcretePramey Zode
To meet the ever increasing demand of electricity, Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) are being set up all over the world, thereby resulting into more consumption of the coal in these plants. The disposal of ash derived from combustion has become a major issue now-a-days. The study of Fly Ash, as it is called, has found that it can be used in various civil engineering applications such as bricks and concrete making. This paper reviews the utilisation of Fly Ash as the admixture in partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement to upto 35%, and even more upto 50% in High- Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) concrete which reduces the water demand, improves the workability, minimizes cracking due to thermal and drying shrinkage, and enhances durability to reinforcement corrosion, sulphate attack, and alkali-silica expansion. This admixing proves to be a best filler material which also reduce overall cost of construction and act as an eco-friendly material.
Construction industry is one of the biggest sector in India with increasing demand. We need to take certain actions and precautions on site to reduce construction waste. Metro cities like Pune, Mumbai and Bangalore etc. are most congested cities. So, the need of flats, apartments, row houses etc. is increasing with higher rate. We need to demolish the existing old structures and build new structures to have the maximum space for environmental purpose. So, there is increasing in demolition waste as compared with construction waste.
There should be certain provisions for the checking of this waste management cycle to prevent its impact on environment. Construction and demolition waste can be classified into 2 components; major components include cement concrete, bricks, cement plaster, steel from RCC, doors & windows, roofing support systems, rubble, stones, timber etc. and minor components includes conduits, GI pipes/Iron pipes/Plastic pipes, electrical fixtures, panels, glass etc.
Please view presentation for detailed report.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
Physical Properties of Construction & Demolished Waste Concreteijsrd.com
In India, recent year construction and demolished concrete waste handling and management is the challenging problem faced by several area of the country. It is very challenging and hectic problem that has to be tackled in an indigenous manner, Due to strict environmental laws and lack of dumping sites in urban areas, construction & demolished waste disposal is a great problem. It is desirable to completely recycle construction & demolished concrete waste in order to protect natural resources, environment and reduce environmental pollution. In this research paper a study is carried out to investigate the physical properties of construction &demolished waste material for concrete, for using as a coarse aggregate in new construction. The present investigation to be focused on recycling construction & demolished waste materials in order to reduce construction cost and resolving housing problems faced by the low income communities of the India in different part of the country. The crushed construction and demolished concrete wastes is segregated by sieving to obtain required sizes of aggregate, several tests were conducted to determine the aggregate properties before recycling it into new concrete.
Experimental studies on performance of steel fiber and polymer modified recyc...eSAT Journals
Abstract The amount of construction waste has been dramatically increased in the last decade due to increase of population & high rise building in the country. So there is an immediate need of using the aggregate from the old demolished buildings for other construction works such as roads, canals, retaining walls ...etc. Due to the lack of natural resource and dumping areas in the country, Recycling Aggregate is playing an important role in present situations. In this project a study on M25 Grade of concrete of Natural Aggregate(NA), Recycled Aggregate(RA), 30 Kg /m3 Steel Fiber Recycled Aggregate(SFRA) (aspect ratio=50), Modified Polymer Recycled Aggregate(PMRA) (Styrene butadiene rubber polymer=5%) has been carried out with water cement ratio =0.50 In this experimental investigation total number of 12 cubes ,12 beams & 12 cylinders of size 150x150mm , 150x150x700mm , 150x300mm specimens respectively were tested for 28 days & 3 cubes of Natural Aggregate, 3 cubes of Recycled Aggregate , 3 cubes of Steel Fibre Recycled Aggregate, 3 cubes of Modified Polymer Recycled Aggregate were tested in compressive testing machine for 7 days. The project is carried out at Gurunanak engineering college, Nagpur The following tests were carried out for the above specimens for 28 days
1) Compressive test 2) Split tensile test 3) Flexure test
Key words: na=natural aggregate1, ra=recycled aggregate2, sfra=steel fiber recycled aggregate3, pmra=polymer modified recycled aggregate4, conventional concrete (cc) 5,natural aggregate concrete (nac)6 with that of recycled aggregate concrete (rac7), steel fibre recycled aggregate concrete (sfrac8), polymer modified recycled aggregate concrete (pmrac)9.
Numerical investigations on recycled aggregate rc beamseSAT Journals
Abstract One of the major challenges in our present society is the protection of environment. Some of the important elements in this respect are reduction in the consumption of energy and natural raw materials. The use of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste has been receiving increased attention in recent sustainable construction environment. However the question that needs to be addressed is whether one can consistently produce good quality concrete using recycled aggregates (RA). Strength, stiffness and durability characteristics of structural components built using recycled aggregates are required to be studied carefully. Towards this, a static nonlinear finite element analysis is carried out to understand the behavior of reinforced concrete beam made with Recycled aggregate to the extent of 50% replacement of total aggregate volume. Flexural load is applied on the beams. The capacity in terms of strength and stiffness are discussed. Equivalent stress strain graph is derived using moment curvature relationship. Equivalent model is validated by comparing with experimental results available in literature. Response from numerical investigation indicates that Recycled aggregate can be used as structural members. Keywords: - Recycled aggregates, Construction and demolition waste, Reinforced concrete, Moment curvature, Equivalent Stress strain relationship, nonlinear analysis
Study of corrosion of reinforced steel bars in recycled aggregate concrete wi...eSAT Journals
Abstract Large number of old buildings and other structures have reached the end of their service life and are being demolished, resulting in generation of demolished concrete. Some of this concrete wastes are used as backfill material and much being sent to landfills. Recycling concrete by using it as replacement to new aggregate in concrete could reduce concrete waste and conserve natural source of aggregate. Recycled aggregate reduce cost savings. Use of recycled aggregate in concrete can be useful for reducing dumping problems and scarcity of virgin aggregates. In present study, in addition to the recycled aggregate, fly ash has been used to study the durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete were compared with Conventional Concrete with varying fly ash content. While the corrosion protection of the reinforcing steel in no substitute for design and the placement of good quality concrete, it does provide for a viable and economical extension of structural integrity and service life in the day to day and practical environment in which concrete structures are constructed. The process of corrosion, its forms of attack and consequent deterioration of reinforcement concrete structures is well understood and documented. This paper explores the economic and practical benefits offered by the application of recycled aggregate concrete and advantages of recycled aggregate concrete with and without admixtures. Keywords: Recycled aggregate, Fly ash, Concrete, and corrosion in steel
EFFECTS OF ACIDIC CURING ON THE PROPERTIES OF UNTREATED AND TREATED POLYESTER...IAEME Publication
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to study the effect of acidic water on fibre reinforced concrete. The acidic water was prepared by using concentrated Hydrochloric acid in deionised water. The Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) samples were cured in normal water and acidic water for 56 days. The concrete samples were studied for Compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. The untreated & treated polyester fibre was added 0%, 0.20%, 0.25% & 0.30% by weight of cement in M25 grade of concrete. A comparison has been done between normal water curing and acidic curing of fibre reinforced concrete
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRET...IAEME Publication
The use of recycled aggregates (RA) for structural concrete in construction, to the maximum possible limit, is becoming a necessity more than a desire. One such mechanical property, shear resistance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) beams is an intensive area of research. Three parameters i.e. compressive strength, percentage of tension steel and shear span to depth ratio were considered. An attempt has been made to study shear strength of RA concrete beams of M 20 grade with 25 and 50 % weight replacement of natural aggregate (NA) with recycled aggregate (RA) for different shear span to depth ratios a/d = 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 with 1 % tension steel without shear reinforcement and compare the test results with the available shear models
Behavior and analytical modeling of natural flax frp tube confined plain conc...Libo Yan
As reinforcement flax fibre has the potential to replace glass fibre in fibre-reinforced polymer, composite and coir fibre
can be used in concrete. To achieve sustainable construction, this study presents an experimental investigation of a flax
fibre-reinforced polymer tube as concrete confinement. Results of 24 flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain
concrete and coir fibre-reinforced concrete cylinders under axial compression are presented. Test results show
that both flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete offer high axial
compressive strength and ductility. A total of 23 existing design- and analysis-oriented models were considered to
predict the ultimate axial compressive strength and strain of flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete
and fibre-reinforced concrete. It was found that a few existing design- and analysis-oriented models predicted the
ultimate strengths of all the flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete
cylinders accurately. However, no strain models considered match the ultimate strains of these specimens. Two new
equations are proposed to evaluate the ultimate axial strain of flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete
and fibre-reinforced concrete.
As often discussed, we should never "directly sell." Rather, we understand the buyers (customer) journey and provide the needed information for the prospect at each step. By doing this intentionally and thoughtfully we fulfill the buyers needs as a process rather than a one-time selling event.
Variation of Compressive strength and water absorption of concrete made by Tw...ijsrd.com
Nowadays construction materials are increasingly evaluated by their ecological characteristics. Concrete recycling gains importance because it protects natural resources and eliminates the need for disposal by using the readily available concrete as an aggregate source for new concrete or other applications. The concrete in this paper is produced by utilizing alternative and recycled waste materials such as fly ash and recycled concrete aggregates to reduce energy consumption, environmental impact, and usage of natural resources. The inferior quality of recycled aggregate (RA) has restricted its use to low-grade applications such as roadwork sub-base and pavements, while its adoption for higher-grade concrete is rare because of the lower compressive strength and higher variability in mechanical performance of RA. A new concrete mixing method, two-stage mixing approach (TSMA), was advocated to improve the quality of RA concrete (RAC) by splitting the mixing process into two parts. In the current paper we will discuss two parameters on which the concrete made by TSMA has been tested for strength characteristics viz. compressive strength and flexural strength. These parametric properties are compared with the conventional concrete with the variation of percentage of recycled coarse aggregates(RCA) and fly ash.
FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE BEAMS PARTIALLY REPLACE...IAEME Publication
Concrete is the most widely used construction material which required large quantities of Portland cement. The production of Ordinary Portland cement causes pollution to the environment, due to the emission of CO2 and also large amount of natural resources is consumed for the cement production. The large global production of flyash and rapid advances in geopolymer technology leads to the alternate material for OPC that is Geopolymer concrete (GPC). Geopolymers are showing great potential and several researchers have critically examined the various aspects of their viability as binder material. In this paper, results of the studies carried out on the behaviour of ambient cured Reinforced GPC (RGPC) flexural member have been presented..A total of 9 beams were tested in flexure, out of which three were conventional concrete mixes and six GPCmixes having varying combinations of flyash, GGBS and recycled coarse aggregates.
Utilization of pulverized plastic in cement concrete as fine aggregateeSAT Journals
Abstract Disposal of used Plastics is a major problem in the present era, as the usage of plastics is growing day by day and it takes hundreds of years for plastic material to degrade. So effective ways to recycle & reuse of plastics are being formulated. According to their composition, plastics have been classified into seven types each having their own recycle rate. One such type HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) was taken into consideration as it was easily available & had higher density than other types. The used plastics were collected , ground into smaller components , melted & pulverized in order to get granules of plastic of about 1mm size. The density of the Pulverized plastic was found to be 460 kg/m3 & its specific gravity was 0.46. Sieve analyses were carried out & about 75% of the plastics were found to be in the range of 1 -1.7mm. 45 nos. of 15cm x15cm x15cm cement concrete Cubes of 1:1:2 (M 25) mix were cast for 0% ,25% , 50% , 75% , 100 % sand being replaced with Pulverized plastic material. Volumetric proportioning was adopted instead of design mix since the density of plastic material was too low. Workability test, weight and compressive strength of the cubes were determined. The test results revealed that the yield as well as the ultimate strength of concrete at seventh day decreased by about 3 to 3.2 N/mm2 for 25%replacement & 4 to 6.5 N/mm2 for higher replacements of Plastic when compared to conventional concrete The ultimate as well as the yield strength of concrete at 14th day & 28th day decreased by about 0.2 to 1 N/mm2for 25%replacement & 9.1 to 14.6 N/mm2 for higher replacements of Plastic when compared to conventional concrete The water Cement ratio was also found to increase with the proportion of Plastics for a slump of 10 mm & weight of the cube decreased with an increase in replacement of Sand by Plastic Material. Thus it is inferred that Replacement of sand by plastic up to 25% can be adopted so that disposal of used plastic can be done as well the deficiency of Natural aggregates can be managed effectively.
To mitigate emission of carbon dioxide and other green gases, it is necessary to develop alternative ways by which sustainable development can be improved. This paper discusses various combination of cement with hypo sludge and different size of aggregates. Hypo sludge has a very good content of Cao and thus it works as a partial replacement material in construction process. This study examines 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement of hypo sludge in place of cement in concrete for M20 and then tested for its compressive strength. The result shows that the strength of the concrete increases by adding hypo sludge up to 10%. However, further increase in hypo sludge decreases the compressive strength. Also, rate analysis has been done which concludes that the rate of the concrete decreases on replacing the cement with hypo sludge. The aim of this study is to make eco-friendly building material and to see how the concrete behaves on replacing the cement with the hypo sludge in various proportions. This study also examines the possibility of utilization of hypo sludge as a partial replacement material and it can be further used as cementitious material. It also helps with the disposal and pollution problems associated with paper industry waste
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
2. Santosh Kumar, Sonu Pal, Prof. N. Kisku, Prof. V. Pandey
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 90 editor@iaeme.com
and earthquakes. Developed and developing countries in all over world continues increasing of
urbanization, modernization of infrastructure, industrialization which causes the serious problems in
construction and demolition waste disposal(C&D) and economically onerous with regard to difficulty to
finding new area. In spite with the use of Natural resources and energy increases rapidly. This is also major
cause of negative impact on environmental related to the excessive consumption of natural resources. The
utilization of recycled aggregate is particularly very promising as 75 percent of concrete is made of
aggregates. In that case, the aggregates considered are slag, power plant wastes, recycled concrete, mining
and quarrying wastes, waste glass, incinerator residue, red mud, burnt clay, sawdust, combustor ash and
foundry sand. This can easily be recycled as aggregate and used in concrete. As per the survey conducted
by European Demolition Association (EDA) in 1992, the several recycling plants were operational in
European countries such as 60 in Belgium, 50 in France, 70 in the Netherlands, 120 in United Kingdom,
220 in Germany, 20 in Denmark and 43 in Italy. In spite with the use of Natural resources and energy
increases rapidly. This is also major cause of negative impact on environmental related to the excessive
consumption of natural resources. The utilization of recycled aggregate is particularly very promising as 75
percent of concrete is made of aggregates. In that case, the aggregates considered are slag, power plant
wastes, recycled concrete, mining and quarrying wastes, waste glass, incinerator residue, red mud, burnt
clay, sawdust, combustor ash and foundry sand. This can easily be recycled as aggregate and used in
concrete. As per the survey conducted by European Demolition Association (EDA) in 1992, the several
recycling plants were operational in European countries such as 60 in Belgium, 50 in France, 70 in the
Netherlands, 120 in United Kingdom, 220 in Germany, 20 in Denmark and 43 in Italy.
1.1. Following are the main reasons for the use of demolition concrete waste
• The old age of various building, RCC bridges, concrete pavement etc., have limit of use due to structure
deterioration and beyond their repairs need to be demolished.
• The some concrete structures not serving in present scenario need to be demolished.
• New construction for better economic growth;
• Structures are turned into debris resulting from natural disasters like earthquake, cyclone and floods etc.
• Building waste produced from manmade disaster/war.
2. MATERIALS AND METHOD
The following materials were used in the present study
Materials Used: Details are presented in table below
Table I Details of Material Used
Name of the material Source of the materials
Cement PSC manufactured by Lafarage Concreto
Superplasticizer Sikament®-581LT/4(K2)
Fine aggregate Zone II. Obtained from Barakar River, Jharkhand
Coarse aggregate Obtained crush stone from Pakur , Jharkhand
Recycled coarse aggregates Recycled Coarse Aggregate obtained from different types of
cube mould demolished waste concrete
2.1. Testing of Cement
Portland Slag Cement conforming to IS: 455 were used in the entire experimental study. To avoid the long
storage times and to avoid the loss of strength, cement was procured according to the phase wise
requirement. The cement was stored in bags in air tight room to have minimum exposure to humidity. The
detail of physical properties of cement is presented in table II.
3. Experimental Investigation of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Pre-Soaked Slurry
Two Stage Mixing Approach
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 91 editor@iaeme.com
Table II Physical and mechanical properties of cement
Properties Results Standard Limits (IS: 455)
Consistency 30% _
Soundness Expansion 3mm <10mm
Initial setting time (min) 70 minutes >30 min
Final setting time 225 minutes <600 min
Specific gravity 3.14 _
Fineness 1.83% Retain on 90 micron sieve <10mm
Compressive strength
3days
7days
28 days
N/mm
27.33
34.67
46.87
N/mm
>16
>22
>33
2.2. Superplasticizer
Sikament®-581LT/4(K2) super plasticizer is used in the present study to maintain the uniform workability
in all the concrete mixes. The super plasticizer is brownish colour and available in liquid form and specific
gravity is 2.1. A highly effective high range water reducing agent and superplasticizer for free flowing
concrete. According to manufacturing data, this Superplasticizer conforming to requirement of IS: 9103-
1999
2.3. Testing of Aggregate
Aggregates are the important constituents in concrete. The fact that the aggregates occupy 70-80% of
volume of concrete, their impact on various characteristics and properties of concrete is undoubtedly
considerable. The test results conducted on fine and coarse aggregate for this thesis are given in table III.
Table III Physical Properties of Natural Fine and Coarse Aggregate and RCA
Properties
Natural Fine
Aggregate
Natural
Coarse
Aggregate
30% RCA +
70% NCA
50% RCA +
50% NCA
100% RCA
Specific Gravity (SSD) 2.613 2.747 2.640 2.586 2.513
Apparent Specific Gravity 2.686 2.791 2.736 2.713 2.70
Bulk Density (Loose) (kg/l) 1.56 1.54 1.49 1.42 1.32
Bulk Density (compacted)
(kg/l)
1.62 1.62 1.57 1.51 1.42
Water Absorption (%) 0.931 0.538 1.384 1.829 2.497
Flakiness Index (%) 16.8 8.78
Elongation Index (%) 19.13 13.04
Fineness modulus (%) 2.449 6.687 6.645 6.586 6.486
2.4. Proportioning material for M40 grade of concrete mix
The experimental investigation consisted of making M40 concrete was designed as per IS 10262:2009 and
the mix proportions are given in table IV.
4. Santosh Kumar, Sonu Pal, Prof. N. Kisku, Prof. V. Pandey
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 92 editor@iaeme.com
Table IV Details of Mix Proportions for RCA (kg/m3
)
Amount of
RCA in %
Cement
(kg)
Natural
FA (kg)
Natural
CA (kg)
RCA
(kg)
w/c ratio
Superplasticizer*
in (%)
Slump
(mm)
0 407 657 1235 0 0.40 0.8 67
30 407 657 865 336 0.40 0.8 62
50 407 657 617 560 0.40 0.8 54
100 407 657 0 1119 0.40 0.8 51
*
percentage by weight of cement
2.5. Method
A manually hand mixing process is adapted. A standard mixing procedure is adopted for all mixes and the
procedure is outlined below. Before carrying out the mixing procedure, trial slump tests are conducted with
different amount of super plasticizer to the slump in range of 50-75mm for normal concrete and fixed the
same amount of superplasticizer for recycled aggregate concrete. Once the slump is obtained in the above
specified range, the corresponding quality of super plasticizer is used in the concrete mixing.
Mixing Procedure of the (i) Normal Mixing Approach and (ii) Pre -soaked slurry Two Stage mixing
approach shown in fig .1 and 2 and step bellow.
2.6. Different Mixing Approaches
Two method of concrete mixing i.e. “Normal mixing Approach and Two stage mixing approach”
introduced by “Tam et al (2005)” has followed through all experimental work with some modification and
amendment here so called pre-soaked slurry two stage mixing approach(PSTSMA).
Figure 2 Pre-soaked slurry two stage mixing approach.
5. Experimental Investigation of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Pre
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
3.1. Properties of Fresh Concrete
Table V Test
The property of fresh concrete is assessed by workability in terms of slump value.
It is observed that in all the mixes the workability decreases with increase in recycled coarse aggregate
percentage. This is due to the high absorption capacity and rough
Aggregates but From table V, the workability of concrete slump value increase 3.23% to 5.88% by
PSTSMA, In the first stage the slurry formed fills the adhered mortar pore of recycled aggregate and in the
2nd
stage amount of water provided full fill for the fluidity of concrete, which reduced the absorption
capacity of the mix.
3.2. Mechanical Properties of Concrete
3.2.1. Compressive Strength
The compressive strength of RAC is affected by both the aggregate properties a
new cement paste that is developed during the maturing of concrete. Compressive strength of concrete is
directly related to the age after casting and increases with age. 150mm sized cube were made for testing
the development of compressive strength under the standard curing condition for 3 days, 7 days and 28
days. This present value is the average of three specimens.
Table VI Comparison of compressive strength result between normal and RAC prepared by NMA and PSTSMA
RCA
(%)
Total
a/c
ratio*
Superplasticizer
0 4.65
30 4.57
50 4.51
100 4.36
Experimental Investigation of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Pre
Two Stage Mixing Approach
IJCIET/index.asp 93
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
f Fresh Concrete
Test results of workability of both normal concrete and RAC
The property of fresh concrete is assessed by workability in terms of slump value.
It is observed that in all the mixes the workability decreases with increase in recycled coarse aggregate
percentage. This is due to the high absorption capacity and rough surface texture of Recycled Coarse
the workability of concrete slump value increase 3.23% to 5.88% by
PSTSMA, In the first stage the slurry formed fills the adhered mortar pore of recycled aggregate and in the
of water provided full fill for the fluidity of concrete, which reduced the absorption
f Concrete
The compressive strength of RAC is affected by both the aggregate properties a
new cement paste that is developed during the maturing of concrete. Compressive strength of concrete is
directly related to the age after casting and increases with age. 150mm sized cube were made for testing
f compressive strength under the standard curing condition for 3 days, 7 days and 28
days. This present value is the average of three specimens.
Comparison of compressive strength result between normal and RAC prepared by NMA and PSTSMA
Superplasticizer#
in
(%)
Slump (mm)
NMA PSTSMA
0.8 67 -
0.8 62 64
0.8 54 57
0.8 51 54
Experimental Investigation of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Pre-Soaked Slurry
editor@iaeme.com
of workability of both normal concrete and RAC
The property of fresh concrete is assessed by workability in terms of slump value.
It is observed that in all the mixes the workability decreases with increase in recycled coarse aggregate
surface texture of Recycled Coarse
the workability of concrete slump value increase 3.23% to 5.88% by
PSTSMA, In the first stage the slurry formed fills the adhered mortar pore of recycled aggregate and in the
of water provided full fill for the fluidity of concrete, which reduced the absorption
The compressive strength of RAC is affected by both the aggregate properties and the characteristics of the
new cement paste that is developed during the maturing of concrete. Compressive strength of concrete is
directly related to the age after casting and increases with age. 150mm sized cube were made for testing
f compressive strength under the standard curing condition for 3 days, 7 days and 28
Comparison of compressive strength result between normal and RAC prepared by NMA and PSTSMA
% Improvement
-
3.23
5.56
5.88
6. Santosh Kumar, Sonu Pal, Prof. N. Kisku, Prof. V. Pandey
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET
Figure 3 Comparison of compressive strength between NMA and PSTSMA
It has been observed that from above fig.
• The compressive strength of RAC decreases with increase in the amount of RCA using NMA. The main
cause for this decrement is high absorption capacity of old mortar adhered to the recycled aggregates and
micro cracks in old ITZ.
• But improvement in the comp
mixing cement slurry fill up the micro crack and voids of RA resulting in the improved new ITZ formation
However, using PSTSMA method of concrete mixing gives improved compressive s
increases 2.21%, 6.12% and 6.35% at age 28 days replacement of 30%, 50% and 100% respectively.
3.2.2. Split Tensile Strength
This test was conducted using 1000 KN compression testing machine as per the procedure given in IS:
5816-1999. The split tensile strength test was conducted on cylindrical specimens of 150 mm diameter x
300 mm height at 56 days after curing process.
The values of split tensile strength for different percentages of untreated & treated fibre reinforced
concrete after 56 days of Normal water curing & acidic cu
Table VII Tensile strength of both Natural and Recycled Aggreg
Santosh Kumar, Sonu Pal, Prof. N. Kisku, Prof. V. Pandey
IJCIET/index.asp 94
Comparison of compressive strength between NMA and PSTSMA
It has been observed that from above fig. 3.
The compressive strength of RAC decreases with increase in the amount of RCA using NMA. The main
cause for this decrement is high absorption capacity of old mortar adhered to the recycled aggregates and
But improvement in the compressive strength is due to PSTSMA in which, during first phase process of
mixing cement slurry fill up the micro crack and voids of RA resulting in the improved new ITZ formation
However, using PSTSMA method of concrete mixing gives improved compressive s
increases 2.21%, 6.12% and 6.35% at age 28 days replacement of 30%, 50% and 100% respectively.
This test was conducted using 1000 KN compression testing machine as per the procedure given in IS:
1999. The split tensile strength test was conducted on cylindrical specimens of 150 mm diameter x
300 mm height at 56 days after curing process.
alues of split tensile strength for different percentages of untreated & treated fibre reinforced
concrete after 56 days of Normal water curing & acidic curing are given in table
Tensile strength of both Natural and Recycled Aggregate concrete
Santosh Kumar, Sonu Pal, Prof. N. Kisku, Prof. V. Pandey
editor@iaeme.com
Comparison of compressive strength between NMA and PSTSMA
The compressive strength of RAC decreases with increase in the amount of RCA using NMA. The main
cause for this decrement is high absorption capacity of old mortar adhered to the recycled aggregates and
in which, during first phase process of
mixing cement slurry fill up the micro crack and voids of RA resulting in the improved new ITZ formation.
However, using PSTSMA method of concrete mixing gives improved compressive strength than NMA, it
increases 2.21%, 6.12% and 6.35% at age 28 days replacement of 30%, 50% and 100% respectively.
This test was conducted using 1000 KN compression testing machine as per the procedure given in IS:
1999. The split tensile strength test was conducted on cylindrical specimens of 150 mm diameter x
alues of split tensile strength for different percentages of untreated & treated fibre reinforced
ring are given in table VII & fig. 4.
ate concrete
7. Experimental Investigation of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Pre-Soaked Slurry
Two Stage Mixing Approach
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Figure 4 Relative split tensile strength of RAC made with RCA
The value of split tensile strength is decreases in NMA with comparison to PSTSMA due to the
refining pore voids, reducing total porosity and improving the interfacial structure between the RA and
cement. The split tensile strength of RAC increases by 5.85%, 5.75% and 5.76% replace 30%, 50% and
100% RCA respectively at 28 days curing prepared by PSTSMA than NMA.
3.2.3. Flexural Strength
The flexural strength test was performed in accordance with IS: 516-1959 on the beams of size 500 x 100 x
100 mm after curing period of 28 days with 200 kN universal testing machine. The specimen was
supported on two roller support spaced at 400 mm centre to centre.
Table VIII flexural strength of Normal and Recycled Aggregate concrete
• From result, the flexural strength of both normal and recycled aggregate concrete made with different
percentage of RCA. It seen that the flexural strength of RAC decrease with increase in recycled coarse
aggregate replacement percentage from 30 to 100, percentage reduction shown in table VIII.
• In addition, difference in flexural strength of RAC using method between NMA and PSTSMA. There is
4.50, 4.91 and 3.10% increase in flexural strength of RAC using 30, 50 and 100% of RCA by PSTSMA.
4. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the experimental work the following conclusion is drawn:-
• The specific gravity and bulk density of recycled coarse aggregate is less than that of natural coarse
aggregate as a result in the mix design lesser weight of recycled coarse aggregate is required than natural
coarse aggregate.
• The presence of adhered mortar on recycled coarse aggregate produces porous and rough nature of surfaces,
which help in developing better bond. But for achieving required workability, the water absorption for
recycled coarse aggregate is more than that of natural aggregate.
0
2
4
0 30 50 100
Splittensilestrength
(Mpa)
Percentage of RCA (%)
Split Tensile at 7 Days
NMA TSMA
0
5
0 30 50 100
Splittensilestrength
(Mpa)
Percentage of RCA (%)
Split Tensile strength at 28 Days
NMA TSMA
8. Santosh Kumar, Sonu Pal, Prof. N. Kisku, Prof. V. Pandey
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 96 editor@iaeme.com
• Pre-soaked slurry two stage mixing approach (PSTSMA) method is most suitable for production of RAC.
• The recycled aggregate concrete has less workability as compared to the concrete made of natural aggregate;
this was due to the porous and rough surfaces of the recycled aggregate. But when recycled aggregate
concrete is prepared by PSTSMA, the workability (slump value) increased up to 6.5% due to pre-mix slurry
filling up the pore and cracks of recycled coarse aggregate in 1st
stage and remaining water that was added in
2nd
stage was not absorbed rapidly by recycled aggregate.
• The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of recycled aggregate concrete is less
than natural aggregate concrete made by NMA due to pores present in old mortar which developed
honeycomb making weaker bond.
• The compressive strength of RAC prepared with PSTSMA showed 6.35% improvement when compared
with NMA, due to strengthening of old ITZ by filling slurry gelatin into pores and cracks within the recycled
aggregate. This stronger ITZ is responsible for strength improvement.
• Recycled aggregate concrete made with PSTSMA when compared with NMA showed improvement in split
tensile strength of about 7%. As mentioned earlier, the ITZ in case of RAC made with PSTSMA is stronger
than that in case of RAC made by NMA causing better strength improvement
• Larger quantity of RCA (more than 30%) in RAC reduces the compressive strength and split tensile strength
of concrete. However, replacement of natural aggregates with lower (< 30%) RCA has no significant
influence on compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete.
• The reduction in flexural strength of RAC is around 6% by NMA using 50% RCA in RAC when compared
with normal aggregate concrete. But the flexural strength of RAC in PSTSMA has strength improvement of
about 5% when compared with that of NMA for up to 50% RCA in RAC.
• The disposal of C&D waste causes serious disposal problems, is found to be suitable for using in place of
natural aggregates.
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