The document provides definitions and test procedures for determining properties of concrete materials. It discusses tests to determine SSD bulk specific gravity and water absorption of coarse and fine aggregates, fineness modulus of fine aggregate, and rodded bulk density of coarse aggregate. It also outlines the steps to calculate a design mix for M25 grade concrete using test data for materials' properties and strengths. The design mix calculation involves selecting water-cement ratio, determining cement and aggregate contents, and quantities of materials for 1 cubic meter of concrete.

1. PROJECT REPORT ON CONCRETE
MIX DESIGN OF GRADE M 25MIX DESIGN OF GRADE M-25

2. Arsalan Tabassum
2015-UET-QET.PTK-CIVIL-18

3. Definitions related Projectj
• Concrete:
i t f h d li t t d t ithmixture of hydraulic cement, aggregates, and water, with or
without admixtures, fibers, or other cementitious materials.
C t• Cement:
any of a number of materials that are capable of binding
( )aggregate particles together. (See also hydraulic cement.)
• Hydraulic cement:
a binding material that sets and hardens by chemical
reaction with water and is capable of doing sop g
underwater. For example, portland cement and slag
cement are hydraulic cements

4. Contd…
• Coarse Aggregate:
• aggregate predominantl retained on the 4 75• aggregate predominantly retained on the 4.75
mm (No. 4) sieve or that portion retained on
th 4 75 (N 4) ithe 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve.
• Fine aggregate:
• aggregate passing the 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) sieve,
almost entirely passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4)almost entirely passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4)
sieve, and predominantly retained on the 75
mm (No. 200) sieve; (2) that portion ofmm (No. 200) sieve; (2) that portion of
aggregate passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve
and predominantly retained on the 75 mmand predominantly retained on the 75 mm
(No. 200) sieve.

5. ContdContd…
S d• Sand :
• (1) granular material passing the 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) sieve
and almost entirely passing the 4 75 mm (No 4) sieveand almost entirely passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve
and predominantly retained on the 75 mm (No. 200)
sieve, and resulting either from natural disintegration
d b i f k i f l t land abrasion of rock or processing of completely
friable sandstone; (2) that portion of an aggregate
passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve and predominantlyp g ( ) p y
retained on the 75 mm (No. 200) sieve, and resulting
either from natural disintegration and abrasion of rock
or processing of completely friable sandstone (Seeor processing of completely friable sandstone. (See
also fine aggregate.)

6. Contd …
Fi M d l• Fineness Modulus:
• a factor obtained by adding the total percentages of material in the
l h h h f h f ll ( lsample that are coarser than each of the following sieves (cumulative
percentages retained), and dividing the sum by 100: 150 mm (No.
100) 300 mm (No 50) 600 mm (No 30) 1 18 mm (No 16) 2 36 mm100), 300 mm (No. 50), 600 mm (No. 30), 1.18 mm (No. 16), 2.36 mm
(No. 8), 4.75 mm (No. 4), 9.5 mm (3/8 in.), 19.0 mm (3/4 in.), 37.5
mm (1-1/2 in.), 75 mm (3 in.), and 150 mm (6 in.)( ) ( ) ( )

7. ABDULLAH YOUSAF
2015 UET QET PTK CIVIL 272015-UET-QET.PTK-CIVIL-27

8. Contd …
• SSD Specific Gravity:• SSD Specific Gravity:
• The ratio of the saturated surface-dry mass of a
volume of a material, including the volume of, g
impermeable pores and permeable water-filled
pores but not including voids between particles atpores but not including voids between particles, at
a stated temperature to.

9. ContdContd…
• WaterWater
• Water is required for hydration of the cement and to
lubricate the aggregate particles sufficiently to give a
satisfactory workability, it is usually taken from approved
sources and commonly from drinking water supplies. Water
is suitable for making concrete; sometimes theg ;
concentration of salts is too high for reinforced concrete.
• If the taste of the local water supply is even slightly salty,
testing should be carried out to assess the salttesting should be carried out to assess the salt
concentration National Standards generally specify that
mixing water should not be taken from shallow or stagnant
h tid l i th W t h ld lsources, marshes, tidal rivers or the sea. Water should also
be tree from oils, acids, alkalis and organic matter.
However, for unreinforced concrete, brackish water and
seawater may be useable.

10. ContdContd…
• Why do we test at 7, 14 & 28 days?
• Concrete is a macro content with Sand, Cement, & Coarse
t it i i di t (Mi R ti ) d i itaggregate as its micro-ingredient (Mix Ratio) and gains its
100% strength over time at the hardened state.
• Take a look at the below table• Take a look at the below table.
Days after Casting Strength Gain
Day 1 16%
Day 3 40%
Day 7 65%
Day 14 90%
Day 28 99%

11. Condt…
• Rodded Bulk Density:• Rodded Bulk Density:
• According to ASTM the mass of a unit volume of bulk
aggregate material, in which the volume includes the
volume of the individual particles and the volume of
/the voids between the particles. Expressed in lb/ft3
[kg/m3 ]
• Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate (F.A)
• The ratio of the weight in air of a unit volume ofg
aggregate at a stated temperature to the weight in air
of an equal volume of gas-free distilled water at theq g
stated temperature.

12. W AkWaseem Akram
2015 UET QET PTK CIVIL 252015-UET-QET.PTK-CIVIL-25

13. Method to use
• We can adopted a method from Dr.Zahid Ahmad bookWe can adopted a method from Dr.Zahid Ahmad book
(Concrete Structure Part-I ) for Calculation, this book is
based on ACI Codes.based on ACI Codes.
• For Design Mix Calculation we need some practical
values of concrete constituents (Cement Fine Aggregatevalues of concrete constituents (Cement, Fine Aggregate
and coarse aggregate) are we performed in Laborites are
mention below:mention below:

14. Test Performed In Labs
• SSD Bulk specific gravity of Coarse Gravity
• Bulk Specific gravity of Fine aggregateBulk Specific gravity of Fine aggregate
• Fineness Modulus of fine aggregate
• Rodded Bulk Density of Coarse aggregate
• Absorption Water required for Coarse• Absorption Water required for Coarse
aggregate and Fine aggregate
• Specific Gravity of OPC normally Specific
gravity of cement is 3.15g y f
• Sieve analysis of Coarse and Fine
aggregate(ASTM C136 / C136M)aggregate(ASTM C136 / C136M)

15. Equipment Use in test
• 150 mm Cube Moulds
• Electronic Weighing Balance(accuracy 0.5 g)
• G.I Sheet (For Making Concrete) / Try
• ScoopScoop
• Rubber hammer
• Oil
• Oil brush• Oil brush
• Compressions Testing Machine
• Sieve set
Th i ll l (100° 110° )• Thermostatically control oven (100° to 110°c.)
• Pycnometer
• Stirring rod
• Wash bottle
• Distal water
• A wire basket of not more than 6.3mm mesh or a perforated container ofp
convenient size with thin wire hangers for suspending it from the balance
• A container for filling water and suspending the basket
• Cloth / Towel(minimum size 750 x 450 mm)( )
• Sieve Shaker

16. ABID SAEEDABID SAEED
2015 UET QET PTK CIVIL 162015-UET-QET.PTK-CIVIL-16

17. SSD Bulk Specific Gravity and Water Absorption C.A
(ASTM C127, AASHTO T 85)( , )
For choosing sample size according to Maximum
size of C.A (12.5mm)
Nominal Maximum Size Minimum Sample Weight
1/2 in (12 5 mm) 4 4 lb (2 kg)1/2 in. (12.5 mm) 4.4 lb (2 kg)
3/4 in. (19 mm) 6.6 lb(3 kg)
1 i (25 ) 8 8 lb (4 k )1 in. (25 mm) 8.8 lb (4 kg)
1 1/2 in. (37.5 mm) 11 lb (5 kg)
2 in. (50 mm) 18 lb (8 kg)
2 1/2 in. (63 mm) 26 lb (12 kg)
3 in. (75 mm) 40 lb (18 kg)

18. Observation of Specific Gravity and Water
b i fAbsorption for Coarse Aggregate

19. SSD Bulk Specific Gravity and Water Absorption of F.A
(ASTM C128)(ASTM C128)

20. Rodded bulk density of C.A (ASTM C29)
For Selection of Bucket
N i l M i Si f A t C it f MNominal Maximum Size of Aggregate Capacity of Measure
in. Mm ft3 L (m3 )
1⁄2 12.5 1⁄10 2.8 (0.0028)
1 25.0 1⁄3 9.3 (0.0093)
11⁄2 37.5 1⁄2 14 (0.014)
3 75 1 28 (0.028)
4 100 2 1⁄2 70 (0.070)
5 125 3 1⁄2 100 (0.100)5 5 3 ⁄ 00 (0. 00)

21. Rodded bulk density of C.A (ASTM C29)
• Procedure:

22. Rodded bulk density of C A (ASTM C29)Rodded bulk density of C.A (ASTM C29)

23. AFZAL AHMAD KHAN
2015-UET-QET.PTK-CIVIL-12

24. Fineness modulus of Fine AggregateFineness modulus of Fine Aggregate
We are using 50% of
Chenab and 50% ofChenab and 50% of
Lawrencepur sand mix
•Sieves are used
•Sieve shaker
•Brush
•TryTry
Procedure:

25. Calculation Table
FM= 1.67

26. Data Analysis
• Data Required for Concrete Design mix of M-25
• Specified Strength(fc`) 25 MPa
• Required Slump 50 mm
i i f 2• Maximum size of aggregate 12.5 mm
• FM of fine aggregate 1.670
• SSD specific gravity of C A 2 73• SSD specific gravity of C.A 2.73
• SSD specific gravity of F.A 2.73
• SSD specific gravity of C A 2 73• SSD specific gravity of C.A 2.73
• Rodded Bulk Density of C.A 1533.149 kg / m3
• Absorption Capacity of C.A 0.411%Absorption Capacity of C.A 0.411%
• Absorption Capacity of F.A 0.95%
• Exposure Condition Normalp

27. Calculation of Design mixg
Total 11 Steps for Design mix of Any type of Concrete
• Step.1 Find Target Strength according to M-25
• Step.2 Normal Exposure conditionp p
• Step.3 Select Water Cement Ratio
• Step.4 The mixing water Content
• Step.5 Air Content
• Step.6 Cement Content
• Step.7 Grading of Coarse aggregate and Fine Aggregate
• Step.8 Maximum size of coarse aggregate
• Step .9 Mass of Fine aggregate
• Step.10 Extra Water required
S 11 Q i i f f 1 b• Step.11 Quantities of aggregate for 1 meter cube

28. MUHAMMAD TALHAMUHAMMAD TALHA
2015-UET-QET.PTK-CIVIL-13Q

29. Step.1 Find Target Strength according to M-25
Fc`=25 Mpa
Fcr > fc`+8 5MPa for fc`= 21 to 35 MPaFcr > fc +8.5MPa for fc = 21 to 35 MPa
Fcr = 25+8.5 Fcr= 33.5 MPa

30. Step.2 Normal Exposure condition
Step.3 Select Water Cement Ratio
• Use OPC
• Select W/ c from given table according to yourSelect W/ c from given table according to your
Fcr =33.5 Mpa

31. Step 3 Select Water Cement RatioStep.3 Select Water Cement Ratio
• Now can find W/C ratio by interpolationNow can find W/C ratio by interpolation
Strength W/C ratio
35 0.48
33 5 ?33.5 ?
30 0.55
• Formula for interpolation
• =0 48+((0 55-0 48)/(35-30))x(35-33 5)=0.48+((0.55-0.48)/(35-30))x(35-33.5)
• w/c ratio = 0.501

32. Step.4 The mixing water Content
Step 5 Air ContentStep.5 Air Content
• According to Slump (50mm) , max. size of Coarse
aggregate (12 5mm) we can find the value fromaggregate (12.5mm) we can find the value from
given table:
• Water Content = 200 kg/ m3
• Air Content = 2 5 %• Air Content = 2.5 %

33. Step.6 Cement Content
• Cement Content Can be calculated in terms
per meter cubep
• Cement C = water content (kg/m3) / (w/c ratio)• Cement, C = water content (kg/m3) / (w/c ratio)
• C = 200 /0.501
• Cement = 400 kg / m3

34. Step.7 Grading of Coarse aggregate and
Fine AggregateFine Aggregate
• Grading of Coarse aggregate and Fine aggregate isGrading of Coarse aggregate and Fine aggregate is
satisfied according to given tables
C A t G di T bl• Coarse Aggregate Grading Table:

35. Step.7 Grading of Coarse aggregate
and Fine Aggregate
• Fine Aggregate Grading Table:

36. Step.8 Max. mass of Coarse aggregate
M i i f C i 12 5• Maximum size of Coarse aggregate is 12.5 mm
• FM of F.A is 1.670
• From given table dry bulk volume of coarse
t it l f C taggregate per unit volume of Coarse aggregate
per unit volume of Concrete =0.645 (0.65)

37. Step.8 Max. mass of Coarse aggregate
• Volume of SSD C.A required = 0645 m3/m
• Mass of C.A = 0.645 x Rodded bulk density of C.A
• Mass of C A = 0 645 x1533 149• Mass of C.A = 0.645 x1533.149
• Mass of C.A = 988.88 kg / m3

38. Step .9 Mass of Fine aggregate
• We find mass of F.A by given Formula
• Where:

39. Step 9 Mass of Fine aggregateStep .9 Mass of Fine aggregate
• Specific gravity F.A =2.73p f g y
• Water Content = 200 kg/m3
S ifi i f C 3 15• Specific gravity of Cement = 3.15
• Specific Gravity of C.A =2.73p f y f
• Air Content = 2.5 %
/• Ac= 9.88.88 kg/ m3
These value put in above formula for FindingThese value put in above formula for Finding
mass of Fine aggregate
Af 780 203 k / 3• Af =780.203 kg/m3

40. Step.10 Extra Water required
C A W t 988 88 0 00411 4 06k• C.Agg Water = 988.88x0.00411=4.06kg
• F.A water = 780.203 x 0.0095 =7.42 kgg
T t l t f t 4 06 7 412 11 476 k / 3• Total water for aggregate = 4.06 + 7.412 = 11.476 kg/m3
• Total water For Concrete = Aggregate water + cement
• Total water For Concrete = 11.476+200 = 211.476 kg /m3

41. Step.11 Quantities of concrete for 1
bmeter cube
• Cement = 400 kg/m3g
• Fine Aggregate = 780 203 kg/ m3Fine Aggregate = 780.203 kg/ m3
C 988 88 k / 3• Coarse aggregate = 988.88 kg/m3
• Water = 211.476 kg/m3
• The ratio for Concrete
1 1 9505 2 47221 : 1.9505 : 2.4722

42. Quantities for Batching of concrete
• Volume of one Cube = 0.15x0.15x0.15 = 0.003375 m3
• Ratio of Concrete = 1 : 1.9505 : 2.4722
• Number of cube casted = 6
• Density of Concrete = 2300 kg/m3
• Wet volume of concrete for 6 cube = 0.02025 m3
• Dry volume of one cube = 1.54x0.02025 = 0.031185 m3
• Total mass of concrete for 6 cube = Density x Dry Volume
• Total mass of Concrete = 71.7255 kgg
• Sum of Ratio = 1+1.9505+2.4722 = 5.4227

43. Quantities for Batching of concrete
• Total cement for 6 cubes =71.7255 x1/5.4227
=13 23 kg=13.23 kg
Sr No Concrete Constituents Name Quantities of Concrete(kg)Sr. No. Concrete Constituents Name Quantities of Concrete(kg)
01 Cement 13 2301 Cement 13.23
02 Fine aggregate (50%+50%) 25.8gg g ( )
03 Coarse aggregate 32.7
04 Water 7.01

44. ASAD HAMEED
2015-UET-QET.PTK-CIVIL-22

45. Testing value of Compressive strength
f 7 & 28 dfor 7 & 28 days
Sr. No Description Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
01 7 days Trail Loads (KN)
02 7 Days Compressive02 y p
Strength
03 Average 7 days03 Average 7 days
Compressive Strength
04 28 days Trail Loads (KN)04 28 days Trail Loads (KN)
05 28 Days Compressive
Strength
06 Average 28 days
Compressive Strength

46. ConclusionConclusion
Th t il i d i lt i ti f t• The trail mix design result is satisfactory
• The design mix is totally based on the practical
value of material propertiesvalue of material properties
• Note that if your aggregate is wet then the total
water if your concrete will be reduce because wewater if your concrete will be reduce because we
design concrete constituents should be in Dry
ConditionCondition
• We can achieve % compressive strength of
25MPa in 7 Days Trail.y
• We can achieve % compressive strength of 25
MPa in 28 days.y

47. Recommendation:Recommendation:
i d i i ll d d h• Concrete mix design is totally depend on the
values lab test of concrete parts like FM of
Fine aggregate, Specific gravity of C.A and F.A
etc.
• If the water cement Ratio is increase the
strength will be decrease that’s why needg y
attention for calculation water for Concrete.
• Need proper Curing for better Result• Need proper Curing for better Result
• Place your cubic mold on leveled surface for
E l th fEqual pressure on the surface

48. Recommendation:
• The lack of Cohesiveness may be corrected by
increasing the fine aggregate content
• The workability is first checked for the trial mix to
see that whether it is satisfactory. If the results
are not according to the requirements , revise the
mix without checking other properties like
strength.
• The water content is approximately increase by 6
kg/m3 for every 25mm in w/c ratio is to be made.
• With the 1st trail , two additional trial for more
strength predicted by w/c may be performedg p y / y p
together to save time: