Concrete is the most widely used construction material which required large quantities of Portland cement. The production of Ordinary Portland cement causes pollution to the environment, due to the emission of CO2 and also large amount of natural resources is consumed for the cement production. The large global production of flyash and rapid advances in geopolymer technology leads to the alternate material for OPC that is Geopolymer concrete (GPC). Geopolymers are showing great potential and several researchers have critically examined the various aspects of their viability as binder material. In this paper, results of the studies carried out on the behaviour of ambient cured Reinforced GPC (RGPC) flexural member have been presented..A total of 9 beams were tested in flexure, out of which three were conventional concrete mixes and six GPCmixes having varying combinations of flyash, GGBS and recycled coarse aggregates.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE WITH GGBS AND FLY ASHIAEME Publication
Objective: This paper manages the quality properties of geopolymer concrete. The primary point of this anticipate is to utilize ground granulated impact heater slag and fly fiery remains set up of common Portland concrete, keeping in mind the end goal to decrease carbon dioxide emanation. Method: From this, we can look at the properties of geopolymer concrete with bond concrete. The fixings utilized as a part of this anticipate are GGBS and Fly cinder. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are utilized as basic activators. The molarity of sodium hydroxide is 8M and 10M. The proportion of soluble activators is 1:2. Calcium silicate is framed when GGBS gets responded with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. This calcium silicate goes about as a cover for coarse total and fine total. Findings: The response is said to be exothermic since the warmth is developed when calcium silicate is framed. Henceforth, the underlying warmth is not required to begin the polymerization procedure. The fly fiery remains and GGBS are supplanted in 5 distinctive extents (100% GGBS, 75% GGBS &25% Fly cider, half GGBS &50% Fly slag, 25% GGBS&75% Fly powder,). The curing is finished by putting examples at room temperature. Application: The examples are tried at 7 years old and 28 days, the test incorporates compressive quality, split elasticity, and flexure quality to contrast the outcomes and bond concrete.
Geopolymer concrete is an innovative, eco-friendly construction material.
It is used as replacement of cement concrete.
In geopolymer concrete cement is not used as a binding material.
Fly ash, silica-fume, or GGBS, along with alkali solution are used as binders.
Experimental study on geopolymer concrete by using ggbseSAT Journals
Abstract
The demand of concrete is increasing day by day and Cement is used for satisfying the need of development of infrastructure facilities, 1 tone cement production generates 1 tone CO2, which adversely affect the environment . In order to reduce the use of OPC and CO2 generation, the new generation concrete has been developed such as GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE. It uses Fly ash and Alkaline Solution as their Binding Materials. Geopolymer requires Oven Curing in the varying range of 60C to 100C for a period of 24 to 96 hours.
The objective of the present work is to study the effect of GGBS in fly ash based Geopolymer concrete and to study the Effect of Oven Curing and Ambient room temperature curing on them. And By replacing fly ash from 0 to 100% with GGBS and inspecting the Fresh Properties and Hardened Concrete properties at 7 days. The casted cube will be cured at normal room temperature and at 700C Oven heat provision for 24 hours and to ascertain the behavior of concrete mixed with GGBS, thereby examining the changes of properties like Strength and Durability.
Keywords: Fly ash, GGBS, Alkaline Solution, strength, durability, utilization
STUDY OF BEHAVIOUR OF GEO-POLYMER CONCRETE WITH RESPECT TO ITS MECHANICAL PRO...IAEME Publication
The primary object of the work is to observe the mechanical properties of geopolymer
concrete with GGBS and FLYASH. Now-a-days the carbon oxide emission is a lot of within the
atmosphere, which leads to warming and atmospheric phenomenon. Hence, for the purpose of
reducing the emissions, the consequences of industrial waste are being used for geopolymer
concrete like GBBS and Flyash. Sodium hydroxide and Sodium Silicate (NAOH and Na2SiO3)
area unit used as basic activators. The molarity of Sodium hydroxide is 10M and 12M.The ratio
of basic activators are1:2.Having similar properties to cement concrete and attaining equal
strength, the geopolymer concrete reduces greenhouse emission. The proportions used are 100%
GGBS, 75% GGBS & 25% fly ash, 50% GGBS & 50% fly ash, 25% GGBS & 75% fly ash. The
ambient natural process at space temperature is completed for an amount of seven and twenty
eight days. The mechanical properties have been identified by compressive, flexural, split tensile
strength tests through which the results are compared for 10 M and 12 M.
In this construction world, Geopolymer concrete is a special concrete which doesn't
requires the Ordinary Portland Cement and also reduces the emission of carbon-dioxide. The
Geopolymer Concrete is made up of industrial by-products (which contains more Silica and
Alumina) and activated with the help of Alkaline solution (combination of sodium hydroxide &
sodium silicate or potassium hydroxide & potassium silicate). The high viscosity nature of
Geopolymer Concrete had the ability to fail due to lack of compaction. In improvising the
issue, Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete has been introduced. The SCGC doesn't require
any additional compaction it will flow and compacted by its own weight. This concrete is made
up of industrial by-products like Fly ash, GGBFS and Silica Fume and activated with alkaline
solution. The earlier research was mostly on Fly ash based SCGC. In few research works Fly
ash was partially replaced with GGBS and Silica Fume. They evaluated the compressive
strength of concrete with varying molarties of NaOH; curing time and curing temperature. The
flexural behavior of the concrete also examined. The Fly ash based SCGC was got high
compressive strength in heat curing as well as low compressive strength in ambient curing.
The presence of GGBS improves the strength in ambient curing. For aiming the high strength
in ambient curing Fly ash will be completely replace and examine with different mineral
admixtures.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF GEO POLYMER CON...IAEME Publication
Geo polymer concrete is a recently developed construction material which is environment friendly and perhaps best alternative to conventional concrete. In the present scenario, where global warming is a big issue due to Co2 emissions, no cement concrete like Geo Polymer Concrete is the big boon for construction industry. The research work carried out on Geo Polymer Concrete and documented in the present paper is a step forward in the direction to encourage the development of Geo Polymer Concrete for its wide application in construction industry. The present paper describes experimental work and analytical work pertaining to Finite Element Analysis using ANSYS software to simulate the flexural behavior of Reinforced Geo Polymer Concrete Beams. The alkaline solution used for present study was the combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution with the varying ratio of 2.50. NaoH solids with 97 - 98% purity is purchased from commercial source and mixed with water to make solution with a concentration of 16 molarity.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE WITH GGBS AND FLY ASHIAEME Publication
Objective: This paper manages the quality properties of geopolymer concrete. The primary point of this anticipate is to utilize ground granulated impact heater slag and fly fiery remains set up of common Portland concrete, keeping in mind the end goal to decrease carbon dioxide emanation. Method: From this, we can look at the properties of geopolymer concrete with bond concrete. The fixings utilized as a part of this anticipate are GGBS and Fly cinder. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are utilized as basic activators. The molarity of sodium hydroxide is 8M and 10M. The proportion of soluble activators is 1:2. Calcium silicate is framed when GGBS gets responded with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. This calcium silicate goes about as a cover for coarse total and fine total. Findings: The response is said to be exothermic since the warmth is developed when calcium silicate is framed. Henceforth, the underlying warmth is not required to begin the polymerization procedure. The fly fiery remains and GGBS are supplanted in 5 distinctive extents (100% GGBS, 75% GGBS &25% Fly cider, half GGBS &50% Fly slag, 25% GGBS&75% Fly powder,). The curing is finished by putting examples at room temperature. Application: The examples are tried at 7 years old and 28 days, the test incorporates compressive quality, split elasticity, and flexure quality to contrast the outcomes and bond concrete.
Geopolymer concrete is an innovative, eco-friendly construction material.
It is used as replacement of cement concrete.
In geopolymer concrete cement is not used as a binding material.
Fly ash, silica-fume, or GGBS, along with alkali solution are used as binders.
Experimental study on geopolymer concrete by using ggbseSAT Journals
Abstract
The demand of concrete is increasing day by day and Cement is used for satisfying the need of development of infrastructure facilities, 1 tone cement production generates 1 tone CO2, which adversely affect the environment . In order to reduce the use of OPC and CO2 generation, the new generation concrete has been developed such as GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE. It uses Fly ash and Alkaline Solution as their Binding Materials. Geopolymer requires Oven Curing in the varying range of 60C to 100C for a period of 24 to 96 hours.
The objective of the present work is to study the effect of GGBS in fly ash based Geopolymer concrete and to study the Effect of Oven Curing and Ambient room temperature curing on them. And By replacing fly ash from 0 to 100% with GGBS and inspecting the Fresh Properties and Hardened Concrete properties at 7 days. The casted cube will be cured at normal room temperature and at 700C Oven heat provision for 24 hours and to ascertain the behavior of concrete mixed with GGBS, thereby examining the changes of properties like Strength and Durability.
Keywords: Fly ash, GGBS, Alkaline Solution, strength, durability, utilization
STUDY OF BEHAVIOUR OF GEO-POLYMER CONCRETE WITH RESPECT TO ITS MECHANICAL PRO...IAEME Publication
The primary object of the work is to observe the mechanical properties of geopolymer
concrete with GGBS and FLYASH. Now-a-days the carbon oxide emission is a lot of within the
atmosphere, which leads to warming and atmospheric phenomenon. Hence, for the purpose of
reducing the emissions, the consequences of industrial waste are being used for geopolymer
concrete like GBBS and Flyash. Sodium hydroxide and Sodium Silicate (NAOH and Na2SiO3)
area unit used as basic activators. The molarity of Sodium hydroxide is 10M and 12M.The ratio
of basic activators are1:2.Having similar properties to cement concrete and attaining equal
strength, the geopolymer concrete reduces greenhouse emission. The proportions used are 100%
GGBS, 75% GGBS & 25% fly ash, 50% GGBS & 50% fly ash, 25% GGBS & 75% fly ash. The
ambient natural process at space temperature is completed for an amount of seven and twenty
eight days. The mechanical properties have been identified by compressive, flexural, split tensile
strength tests through which the results are compared for 10 M and 12 M.
In this construction world, Geopolymer concrete is a special concrete which doesn't
requires the Ordinary Portland Cement and also reduces the emission of carbon-dioxide. The
Geopolymer Concrete is made up of industrial by-products (which contains more Silica and
Alumina) and activated with the help of Alkaline solution (combination of sodium hydroxide &
sodium silicate or potassium hydroxide & potassium silicate). The high viscosity nature of
Geopolymer Concrete had the ability to fail due to lack of compaction. In improvising the
issue, Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete has been introduced. The SCGC doesn't require
any additional compaction it will flow and compacted by its own weight. This concrete is made
up of industrial by-products like Fly ash, GGBFS and Silica Fume and activated with alkaline
solution. The earlier research was mostly on Fly ash based SCGC. In few research works Fly
ash was partially replaced with GGBS and Silica Fume. They evaluated the compressive
strength of concrete with varying molarties of NaOH; curing time and curing temperature. The
flexural behavior of the concrete also examined. The Fly ash based SCGC was got high
compressive strength in heat curing as well as low compressive strength in ambient curing.
The presence of GGBS improves the strength in ambient curing. For aiming the high strength
in ambient curing Fly ash will be completely replace and examine with different mineral
admixtures.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF GEO POLYMER CON...IAEME Publication
Geo polymer concrete is a recently developed construction material which is environment friendly and perhaps best alternative to conventional concrete. In the present scenario, where global warming is a big issue due to Co2 emissions, no cement concrete like Geo Polymer Concrete is the big boon for construction industry. The research work carried out on Geo Polymer Concrete and documented in the present paper is a step forward in the direction to encourage the development of Geo Polymer Concrete for its wide application in construction industry. The present paper describes experimental work and analytical work pertaining to Finite Element Analysis using ANSYS software to simulate the flexural behavior of Reinforced Geo Polymer Concrete Beams. The alkaline solution used for present study was the combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution with the varying ratio of 2.50. NaoH solids with 97 - 98% purity is purchased from commercial source and mixed with water to make solution with a concentration of 16 molarity.
STRENGTH AND DURABILITY STUDY OF GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG BASED G...Shoaib Wani
Ordinary Portland cement is recognized as a major construction material.
GGBS can improve the durability of a concrete structure by reducing the water permeability, increasing the corrosion resistance and sulphate resistance.
The improved properties can extend the service life of structures and reduce the overall maintenance costs.
The primary objective is to study the strength and durability of geopolymer concrete
To study the strength and durability parameters of GGBS based geopolymer concrete.
STRENGTH PROPERTIES ON FLY ASH BASED GEO POLYMER CONCRETE WITH ADMIXTURESIAEME Publication
Due to increase in environmental problems of the construction industry alternative technologies are emerging. A concrete is used around the world is second only to water. The making of ordinary Portland cement support 5 to 7 percent of total green house gas emission. It also takes large amount of energy .Hence it is necessary to find alternative to cement .Fly ash is a product of coal procured from thermal power plant. It is also good in silicon and alumina. In this experiment the fly ash is used to prepare the geo polymer concrete.geopolymer is a material resulting from the reaction of source materials that is rich in aluminum and silicon. One such material is GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE. It uses a material like fly ash as binding material in place of cement.
The geopolymer cement is formed by polymerization process which involves the reaction between an aluminosilicate source material such as fly-ash, GGBS, etc. with an alkaline activator solutions.
STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF ALKALI ACTIVATED FLYASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Objectives: This study is to identify the effect of parameter such as Activator ratio that affects the properties of alkali activated fly ash-based geopolymer concrete.
Methodology: To achieve the above objectives, the present investigation is adopted a technology that is currently in use to manufacture and to test the conventional concrete. The main aim of this activity was to facilitate promotion of new materials later on to the concrete industry. Research variable included activator ratio (1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3). The trial mix is prepared for the molarity of 16 M. Concrete specimens were cured at room temperature. The response variables are Flexural strength, Compressive strength and Split tensile strength.
Findings: Test data are used to identify the variation of Geopolymer concrete properties which are affected by using of various activator ratios and curing period. At all ages, the activator ratio 1:3 gives maximum strength and also economical when compared to other two activator ratios. There is substantial gain in compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymer concrete with age.
Improvements: This work can be enhanced for various molarities under various temperatures and various activator ratios.
Geopolymer cement concrete is made from utilization of waste materials such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Fly ash is the waste product generated from thermal power plant and ground granulate blast furnace slag is generated as waste material in steel plant.
geopolymer concrete ppt
geopolymer concrete journals
geopolymer concrete pdf
making geopolymer concrete
diy geopolymer concrete
geopolymer concrete price
geopolymer solutions
geopolymer cement recipe
Experimental investigation on studying the flexural behaviour of geopolymer c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Geo polymer concrete is one of the emerging construction material as a substitute for conventional cement concrete, eliminating
the usage of OPC. This work is aimed to cast and testing of geopolymer slab elements with restrained edge condition. The size of
slab panel is 1m x 1m x 0.05 m. By using yield line theory, the moment of resistance and maximum deflection under flexural
loading are calculated for the of GPC slabs. Reinforcement details of these slabs are calculated using ultimate load method as
per IS code provisions. As the slab element is a composite material the experimental work is carried for determination of
mechanical properties GPC matrix and casting and testing of slab elements under UDL. Test results are compared with the
theoretical computations for bending moment and maximum deflections. The crack pattern of slabs in experimental work is also
compared with yield line patterns ( Developed for RCC).From the test results it is observed that the behaviour of GPC slabs
under flexural loading is similar to conventional concrete slabs
KeyWords: Geo Polymer Concrete, Slabs, Flexural Behavior, Yield Line Patterns , Load vs Deflections
STRENGTH AND DURABILITY STUDY OF GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG BASED G...Shoaib Wani
Ordinary Portland cement is recognized as a major construction material.
GGBS can improve the durability of a concrete structure by reducing the water permeability, increasing the corrosion resistance and sulphate resistance.
The improved properties can extend the service life of structures and reduce the overall maintenance costs.
The primary objective is to study the strength and durability of geopolymer concrete
To study the strength and durability parameters of GGBS based geopolymer concrete.
STRENGTH PROPERTIES ON FLY ASH BASED GEO POLYMER CONCRETE WITH ADMIXTURESIAEME Publication
Due to increase in environmental problems of the construction industry alternative technologies are emerging. A concrete is used around the world is second only to water. The making of ordinary Portland cement support 5 to 7 percent of total green house gas emission. It also takes large amount of energy .Hence it is necessary to find alternative to cement .Fly ash is a product of coal procured from thermal power plant. It is also good in silicon and alumina. In this experiment the fly ash is used to prepare the geo polymer concrete.geopolymer is a material resulting from the reaction of source materials that is rich in aluminum and silicon. One such material is GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE. It uses a material like fly ash as binding material in place of cement.
The geopolymer cement is formed by polymerization process which involves the reaction between an aluminosilicate source material such as fly-ash, GGBS, etc. with an alkaline activator solutions.
STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF ALKALI ACTIVATED FLYASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Objectives: This study is to identify the effect of parameter such as Activator ratio that affects the properties of alkali activated fly ash-based geopolymer concrete.
Methodology: To achieve the above objectives, the present investigation is adopted a technology that is currently in use to manufacture and to test the conventional concrete. The main aim of this activity was to facilitate promotion of new materials later on to the concrete industry. Research variable included activator ratio (1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3). The trial mix is prepared for the molarity of 16 M. Concrete specimens were cured at room temperature. The response variables are Flexural strength, Compressive strength and Split tensile strength.
Findings: Test data are used to identify the variation of Geopolymer concrete properties which are affected by using of various activator ratios and curing period. At all ages, the activator ratio 1:3 gives maximum strength and also economical when compared to other two activator ratios. There is substantial gain in compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymer concrete with age.
Improvements: This work can be enhanced for various molarities under various temperatures and various activator ratios.
Geopolymer cement concrete is made from utilization of waste materials such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Fly ash is the waste product generated from thermal power plant and ground granulate blast furnace slag is generated as waste material in steel plant.
geopolymer concrete ppt
geopolymer concrete journals
geopolymer concrete pdf
making geopolymer concrete
diy geopolymer concrete
geopolymer concrete price
geopolymer solutions
geopolymer cement recipe
Experimental investigation on studying the flexural behaviour of geopolymer c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Geo polymer concrete is one of the emerging construction material as a substitute for conventional cement concrete, eliminating
the usage of OPC. This work is aimed to cast and testing of geopolymer slab elements with restrained edge condition. The size of
slab panel is 1m x 1m x 0.05 m. By using yield line theory, the moment of resistance and maximum deflection under flexural
loading are calculated for the of GPC slabs. Reinforcement details of these slabs are calculated using ultimate load method as
per IS code provisions. As the slab element is a composite material the experimental work is carried for determination of
mechanical properties GPC matrix and casting and testing of slab elements under UDL. Test results are compared with the
theoretical computations for bending moment and maximum deflections. The crack pattern of slabs in experimental work is also
compared with yield line patterns ( Developed for RCC).From the test results it is observed that the behaviour of GPC slabs
under flexural loading is similar to conventional concrete slabs
KeyWords: Geo Polymer Concrete, Slabs, Flexural Behavior, Yield Line Patterns , Load vs Deflections
Variation of Compressive strength and water absorption of concrete made by Tw...ijsrd.com
Nowadays construction materials are increasingly evaluated by their ecological characteristics. Concrete recycling gains importance because it protects natural resources and eliminates the need for disposal by using the readily available concrete as an aggregate source for new concrete or other applications. The concrete in this paper is produced by utilizing alternative and recycled waste materials such as fly ash and recycled concrete aggregates to reduce energy consumption, environmental impact, and usage of natural resources. The inferior quality of recycled aggregate (RA) has restricted its use to low-grade applications such as roadwork sub-base and pavements, while its adoption for higher-grade concrete is rare because of the lower compressive strength and higher variability in mechanical performance of RA. A new concrete mixing method, two-stage mixing approach (TSMA), was advocated to improve the quality of RA concrete (RAC) by splitting the mixing process into two parts. In the current paper we will discuss two parameters on which the concrete made by TSMA has been tested for strength characteristics viz. compressive strength and flexural strength. These parametric properties are compared with the conventional concrete with the variation of percentage of recycled coarse aggregates(RCA) and fly ash.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE USING PRE-SOAKED SL...IAEME Publication
The present experimental study deals with pre-soaked slurry two stage mixing approach
(PSTSMA) for achieving best mechanical properties. The Recycled aggregate was used in three
variant as 30%, 50% and 100% replacements of Natural aggregate in M40 grade of concrete.
Through experimental study and analysis, it is observed that using PSTSMA the replacement of
30% RCA with natural coarse aggregate does not more affect the characteristics of concrete.
PSTSMA method improve up to 6.35% the strength of recycled aggregate concrete made up of
recycled aggregate at 28 days respectively w.r.t. Normal Mixing Approach(NMA). It is observed
that concrete prepared with PSTSMA gives better properties than concrete with NMA.
Powerpoint Search Engine has collection of slides related to specific topics. Write the required keyword in the search box and it fetches you the related results.
To mitigate emission of carbon dioxide and other green gases, it is necessary to develop alternative ways by which sustainable development can be improved. This paper discusses various combination of cement with hypo sludge and different size of aggregates. Hypo sludge has a very good content of Cao and thus it works as a partial replacement material in construction process. This study examines 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement of hypo sludge in place of cement in concrete for M20 and then tested for its compressive strength. The result shows that the strength of the concrete increases by adding hypo sludge up to 10%. However, further increase in hypo sludge decreases the compressive strength. Also, rate analysis has been done which concludes that the rate of the concrete decreases on replacing the cement with hypo sludge. The aim of this study is to make eco-friendly building material and to see how the concrete behaves on replacing the cement with the hypo sludge in various proportions. This study also examines the possibility of utilization of hypo sludge as a partial replacement material and it can be further used as cementitious material. It also helps with the disposal and pollution problems associated with paper industry waste
Disposal of tyre rubber is becoming a huge problem in India day by day.
Researchers are trying to use those rubber in civil engineering projects from long day
back. Crumb rubber replaced fine aggregate is qute a common practice now a days.
An attempt was made to replace 10% chipped rubber with coarse aggregate and
beams were casted with that concrete mix.They were tested to failure. Deflection,
ultimate load, first crack,stress vs strain,load vs deflection are all studied. Efforts
have been taken to identify the potential application of waste tyres in civil engineering
projects. This study can show an alternative way of recycling tyre by incorporating
them into concrete construction. Main focus was made on the behaviour of beam
made from recycled rubber chips .
STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF METAKIOLIN AND GGBS BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Objectives: To investigate the properties of metakiolin and GGBS based geopolymer concrete. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this connection, Geopolymer is need of the hour, where the binder is inorganic polymer. Geopolymer concrete will be introduced as an alternative concrete which did not use any cement in its mixture and used Metakaolin and GGBS as alternative cement. NaOH and Na2SiO3 were used as activator solution. Findings: Geopolymer concrete is prepared by using the solution of sodium silicate mixed with sodium hydroxide. The fixed ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide is 2.5 and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 8M. The geo polymer concrete specimens are casted and tested for compressive strength for and 28 days and cured at ambient temperature. Applications/Improvements: This study helps in gaining knowledge about the morphological composition of concrete which might result in path-breaking trends in construction industry.
Self compacting concrete for slip form pavingeSAT Journals
Abstract Slip form paving has been extensively used worldwide for construction of pavements. During the process of paving, concrete mix with a slump less than 50 mm is placed in front of a paver. Because of the low consistency of the mix, a great deal of vibration is needed to move entrapped air and compact the concrete. There is a need to overcome problem by designing a concrete that would not require vibration to compact the concrete mix, at the same time stability after extrusion and high flexural strength. Mix design based on the absolute volume concept was adopted to fabricate SFSCC. Volume of paste of 0.38 and water content of 200 kg/m3 was kept constant throughout the study. Cement content was varied from 360 to 425 kg/m3, 3 mixes of SCC with GGBS (SFSCC-S), 3 mixes of SCC with 2% of alccofine replaced by cement (SFSCC-SA) and 3 mixes of SCC with 2% of metakaolin replaced by cement (SFSCC-SM) is reported. The quantity of polypropylene fibers used in all the mixes was 900 gm/m3. Slump, spread, green strength and compaction factor were evaluated for all the 9 mixes. To simulate the practical construction process, a mini paver system was fabricated. The strength parameters compressive and flexural strength of concrete was evaluated at 7 days and 28 days. Keywords: Slip form paving, alccofine, SCC, GGBS, metakaolin, SFSCC, SP.
DURABILITY STUDIES OF GGBS AND METAKAOLIN BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE Ijciet 08...IAEME Publication
The objective of this research work was to produce a carbon dioxide emission free cementious
material. The geopolymer concrete is such a vital and promising one. In this study, geopolymer is
prepared from ‘Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag’ (GGBS) a powder from grinding the byproduct
of slag waste from blast furnace of steel plants and metakaolin from industry. The Alkaline
liquids used in this study for the polymerization process are the solutions of sodium hydroxide
(NaoH) and sodium silicate (Na2Sio3).A 8 Molarity and 10 Molarity solutions was taken to prepare
the mix. The cube compressive strength was calculated for different mixes. The cube specimens are
taken of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm. Ambient curing of concrete at room temperature was
adopted. In total 180 cubes were casted for their compressive strength at age of 28 days
respectively. The test data indicate that on exposure to 5% Sodium Sulphate, Sulphuric Acid and
Sodium Chloride, the losses in weight, and strength of geopolymer concrete (GPC) are
significantly much less than those for cement concrete. Thus the geopolymer concrete is considered
to be an environmentally pollution free construction material.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES ON GEOPOL...Journal For Research
The usage of practical advancement in structural building society has prompted the utilization of new materials with low environmental effects. One of the most commonly used construction material in the world is concrete, which is normally produced by OPC. However, the production of OPC has prompted ecological worries over the creation of CO2. Almost to create 1 ton of OPC 1 ton of CO2 is discharged to the atmosphere. With a specific end goal to diminish the utilization of OPC and CO2, the new concrete has been created, that is GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE. Latest research has demonstrated that it is conceivable to utilize fly ash or slag as a binder in concrete by activating them with alkali components through a polymerization procedure. This paper reports the point of interest of the test work that has been embraced to examine the strength and durability properties of ultra-fine slag and processed fly ash mortar mixes. At first specimens were casted for normal GGBS and fly ash in the ratio of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and later for the best ratio (75:25), GGBS is replaced by ultra-fine GGBS by 7.5, 12 and 20%. Samples were compared with cured at ambient temperature and oven curing. The results showed that mix proportion of 20% replacement of ultra-fine GGBS gave the maximum strength for both oven and ambient curing (76.2 and 91.1 MPa). Even all the durability properties are within the permissible limits.
EFFECT ON STRENGTH AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE INCORPORATING GRANIT...IAEME Publication
An enormous amount of stone dust is produced as a sluggish waste material from the marble and granite stone industry and various operations of stones. It has become a serious problem to the society and environment. Presently, use of river sand confirming to IS 383-1970 has become difficult because of unavailability and costly due to environmental rules and regulations. To overcome this difficulty, an economical alternative can be developed by partial replacement of sand with granite quarry dust (GD) and cement with marble powder (MP) in concrete. In this paper, a study is conducted to investigate the viable use of marble granite residue (MGR) in concrete mixes. Sand is replaced with GD along with cement (OPC grade 43) is replaced with MP as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% & 40% by weight for M25 grade of concrete. To study strength and durability properties of concrete, test on fresh and hardened concrete are conducted for all the mixes. The results show that MGR assimilation results enhancements in the compressive strengths of concrete by replacement up to 20% of GD and 10% of MP without affecting significant characteristics of the mix.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and TechnologyCompar...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative study of cement concrete and geopolymer masonry blockseSAT Journals
Abstract
It is well known that the production of cement is extremely resource and energy intensive process producing an equal amount of CO2
per ton of cement. Hence, due to growing environmental concerns of the cement industry, there is a need to develop alternative
materials such as fly ash, Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Also there is a need to develop masonry units using these
alternative materials for sustainability. Geopolymer technology makes use of fly ash which is a byproduct of thermal power plants. In
the present research, cement and geopolymer blocks are produced by the same method. The basic properties of these masonry units
such as compressive strength, density, modulus of elasticity, Initial rate of absorption (IRA) and water absorption are determined and
compared. The results indicate that Geopolymer blocks posses superior properties compared to traditional cement blocks.
Geopolymer blocks can be recommended for the use as masonry units for structural masonry. Thus the use of conventional cement
can be eliminated.
Keywords: Geopolymer, cement, comparative study, compressive strength, water absorption, stress strain relationship.
Similar to FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE BEAMS PARTIALLY REPLACED WITH RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATES (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
2. M. K. Thangamanibindhu and Dr. D. S. Ramachandra Murthy
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 14 editor@iaeme.com
1. INTRODUCTION
Utilization of the industrial by-products and recycled coarse aggregates in the
construction industry could become a safe disposal of the industrial wastes, and
reduction of construction cost. In 1978, Joseph Davidovits developed inorganic
polymeric materials and coined the term geopolymer. Geopolymer concrete is
concrete which does not utilize any Portland cement in its production; the binder of
GPC is produced by the reaction of an alkaline liquid with a source material that is
rich in silica and alumina. The research in this area has gained some momentum to
extend the range of application. As in conventional reinforced concrete, the GPC also
needs to be reinforced with steel bars for its large scale utility in civil engineering
structural applications. Hence, the investigations on behaviour of RGPC incorporated
with recycled coarse aggregates were undertaken. Different mixes with partial
replacement of recycled coarse aggregates in GPC and OPC were designed as per IS
code, prepared and tested for comparison of performance. A total of 9 beams
consisting of 6 GPC mixes and 3 OPCC mixes were tested. Performances such as load
carrying capacity, moments and deflection at different stages were studied. Crack
widths for all the specimens were measured. This paper compares the performance of
reinforced geopolymer concrete beams with reinforced cement concrete beams when
replaced with recycled coarse aggregates.
2. MATERIALS
2.1. Cement
Cement Ordinary Portland cement 53 grade conforming to Indian Standard is used in
the present investigation of specific gravity 3.12.
2.2. Fly ash
Flyash used in this study was obtained from National Thermal Power Corporation,
Ennore and the specific gravity of flyash is 2.14 [1, 7, 14]
2.3. Ground granulated blast furnace slag
Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a by-product from the blast-furnaces
used to make iron. GGBS is a glassy, granular, non-metallic material consisting
essentially of silicates and aluminates of calcium and other bases. The specific gravity
of GGBS is 2.9 [8, 12, 13].
2.4. Fine Aggregates
The locally available river sand of zone III was used as fine aggregate in the present
investigation. The properties of the aggregates and sieve analysis results are given in
Table 1 and 2.
Table 1 Material properties of fine aggregates
Name of test Test Results
Specific gravity 2.6
Water Absorption (%) 1.15
Bulk Density (kg/m3) 1678
3. Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete Beams Partially Replaced with
Recycled Coarse Aggregates
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 15 editor@iaeme.com
Table 2 Sieve Analysis of fine aggregates
IS Sieve Size
Weight
retained(gms)
Percentage
retained
Cumulative
percentage
retained
Cumulative
percentage
passing
4.75 mm 15 1.5 1.5 98.5
2.36 mm 45 4.5 6.0 94,0
1.18 mm 195 19.5 25.5 74.5
600 micron 195 19.5 45.0 55.0
300 micron 385 38.5 83.5 16.5
150 micron 135 13.5 97.0 3.0
Lower than 150
micron
30 3.0 3.0 0
2.5. Coarse Aggregates
Natural and recycled aggregates were used as the coarse aggregates in the concrete
mixtures. Locally available crushed granite of medium size 20 mm and 12.5 mm was
used as the natural coarse aggregate. Recycled aggregates obtained from demolished
building of having age 8 years were used [14]. Various properties of coarse
aggregates are given in Table 3. The results of sieve analysis are given in Table 4 and
5.
Table 3 Material properties of coarse aggregates
Name of test
Test Results
Natural aggregates Recycled
Aggregates20 mm 12.5 mm
Specific gravity 2.79 2.71 2.75
Water Absorption (%) 0.5 0.67 1.5
Bulk Density (kg/m3
) 1636 1561 1548.6
Percentage Voids (%) 0.41 0.44 0.43
Crushing value (%) ---- 22.6 ----
Impact value (%) 28.7 20.82 30.5
Table 4 Sieve Analysis of Coarse aggregates of size 20 mm
IS Sieve Size
Weight
retained
(gms)
Percentage
retained
Cumulative
percentage
retained
Cumulative
percentage
passing
40 mm 0 0 0 100
20 mm 90 3.0 3.0 97
10 mm 2885 96.16 99.16 0.84
4.75 mm 25 0.833 99.993 0.007
pan 0 0 100 0
4. M. K. Thangamanibindhu and Dr. D. S. Ramachandra Murthy
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 16 editor@iaeme.com
Table 5 Sieve Analysis of Coarse aggregates of size 12.5 mm
IS Sieve Size
Weight
retained
(gms)
Percentage
retained
Cumulative
percentage
retained
Cumulative
percentage
passing
16 mm 0 0 0 100
12.50 mm 70.0 2.33 2.33 97.67
10.00 mm 1705.1 56.83 59.16 40.84
4.75 mm 1223.5 40.78 99.94 0.06
2.30 mm 1.4 0.046 99.986 0.014
pan 0
2.6. Alkaline activator
The alkaline activator liquid used was a combination of sodium silicate solution and
sodium hydroxide. An analytical grade sodium hydroxide in Flakes form (NaOH with
98% purity) was used. To avoid effects of unknown contaminants in laboratory tap
water, distilled water was used for preparing activating solutions.. The activator
solution was prepared at least one day prior to its use in specimen casting.
2.7. Water
Distilled Water for GPC and Potable water for normal concrete which are free from
chemicals and organic materials was used for the study.
2.8. Super plasticizer−−−−MasterGlenium SKY 8233
PERFORMANCE TEST DATA: Aspect Light brown liquid ,Relative Density 1.08
±0.01 at 25 °C , pH >6 ,Chloride ion content < 0.2% .DOSAGE: Optimum dosage of
MasterGlenium SKY 8233 should be determined with trial mixes. As a guide, a
dosage range of 500 ml to 1500 ml per 100 kg of cementitious material is normally
recommended by manufacturer. The hyperplasticiser shall be MasterGlenium SKY
8233, high range water reducing, Superplasticiser based on polycarboxylic ether
formulation. Specific gravity of 1.08 and solid contents not less than 30% by weight.
The product complies with ASTM C494 Type F and free of lignosulphonates,
naphthalene salts and melamine formaldehyde.
3. DETAILS OF EXPERIMENTS
3.1. Mix design of Geopolymer concrete
In the design of geopolymer concrete mix, total aggregate (fine and coarse) is taken as
77% of entire concrete mix by mass. This value is similar to that used in OPC
concrete in which it will be in the range of 75 to 80% of the entire concrete mix by
mass. Fine aggregate was taken as 30% of the total aggregates. From the available
literature, it is observed that the average density of flyash-based geopolymer concrete
is similar to that of OPC concrete (2400 kg/m3
). Knowing the density of concrete, the
combined mass of alkaline liquid and flyash can be arrived at. By assuming the ratios
of alkaline liquid to flyash as 0.35, mass of flyash and mass of alkaline liquid were
obtained. The addition of sodium silicate is to enhance the process of
geopolymerisation [9]. For the present study, concentration of sodium hydroxide was
taken as 10 M and alkaline solution ratio as 2.5. The various mix proportions are
given in Tables 6 and 7 for GPC and normal concrete [2, 10].
5. Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete Beams Partially Replaced with
Recycled Coarse Aggregates
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 17 editor@iaeme.com
3.2. Mix design of Cement concrete
The mix design was done as per IS: 10262 (2009). The grade of concrete adopted for
this study is M20. Maximum size of aggregate taken is 20 mm. The water−cement
ratio adopted for concrete mix was 0.45 [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11].
Table 6 Mix Proportions of Geopolymer concrete
Material Mix-1 Mix-2 Mix-3 Mix-4 Mix-5 Mix-6
Coarse
aggregates
Kg/m3
20 mm 388.2 258.8 ----- 388.2 258.8 -----
12.5 mm 905.8 905.8 905.8 905.8 905.8 905.8
RCA (20 mm) ---- 129.4 388.2 ---- 129.4 388.2
Fine aggregates, Kg/m3
554 554 554 554 554 554
Flyash, Kg/m3
306 306 306 204 204 204
GGBS,Kg/m3
102 102 102 204 204 204
SodiumHydroxide, Kg/m3
41 41 41 41 41 41
SodiumSilicate Kg/m3
solution
103 103 103 103 103 103
Superplasticizer, lit/m3
4.89 4.89 4.89 4.89 4.89 4.89
ExtraWater, lit/m3
22.5 30.5 44.5 22.5 30.5 44.5
Alkaline solution / Flyash
(ratio)
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
Table 7 Mix proportions of Cement concrete
Material Mix-7 Mix-8 Mix-9
Coarse aggregates
Kg/m3
20 mm 379.76 253.18. ------
12.5 mm 859.23 859.23 859.23
RCA (20
mm)
------- 123.52 370.55
Fine aggregatesKg/m3
781.31 781.31 781.31
Cement Kg/m3
320.00 320.00 320.00
Water/Cement ratio 0.45 0.45 0.45
Figure 1 Concrete ingredients in the pan mix
6. M. K. Thangamanibindhu and Dr. D. S. Ramachandra Murthy
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 18 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 2 Super plasticizer
3.3. Specimen details
Nine numbers of reinforced concrete beams with and without GGBS were cast and
tested. The span of the beam was 1200 mm and of size 100 mm x 200 mm. Beams
were simply supported over an effective span of 1000 mm. Out of the 9 specimens
tested, Mixes-7, 8 and 9 and cast with cement and 0%, 10% and 30% partial
replacement of recycled coarse aggregates. and mixes-1, 2 and 3 were cast with
GGBS as 25% and replacement for flyash and 0%,10% and 30% partial replacement
of recycled coarse aggregates..and mixes 4, 5 and 6 were cast with GGBS as 50%
and replacement for flyash and 0%,10% and 30% partial replacement of recycled
coarse aggregates, specimens were tested at the age of 28th day from the date of
casting. The clear cover of the beam was 25 mm and reinforcement details of the
specimens tested are given in Figure.
Figure 3 Beam specimens reinforcement details
3.4. Preparation of Specimens
Prior to casting, the inner walls of moulds were coated with lubricating oil to prevent
adhesion with the hardening concrete. Both OPCC and GPC were mixed in a tilting
drum mixer machine for about 6−8 minutes. The steel bars as per the design is placed
over the 25 mm cover block .the Concrete was placed in the mould in three layers of
equal thickness and each layer was vibrated until the concrete was thoroughly
compacted. Specimens were demoulded after 24hrs. The RCC beams were water
cured for a period of 28 days while the RGPC beams were cured in ambient
temperature, in the laboratory for a period upto 28 days after casting, After the curing
period the specimens were tested.
1200mm
#2-10mmdia.
200mm
Two legged -#6mm dia. stirrups @ 100mm c/c
100
7. Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete Beams Partially Replaced with
Recycled Coarse Aggregates
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 19 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 4 Demoulding of a beam
3.5. Test Procedure
The test setup is shown in Figure 5. The testing was carried out in a UTM of 1000 KN
capacity. The beam was simply supported over a span of 1000 mm. The load was applied
on two points each 333.33 mm away from the supports. One dial gauges was used at mid
span for measuring deflections. All the specimens were white washed in order to facilitate
marking of cracks . The beams were subjected to two-point loads under load control
mode. The load was applied in increments of 5 KN. The deflections at mid span was
measured using dial guage. The behaviour of the beam was observed carefully. The
development of cracks was observed and the crack widths were measured using a hand-
held microscope with an optical magnification of X50 and a sensitivity of 0.02 mm.
Figure 5 Test setup
Figure 6 UTM
8. M. K. Thangamanibindhu and Dr. D. S. Ramachandra Murthy
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 20 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 7 Beam under loading condition
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. General observations
The beam specimens were tested under two point loading until failure. As the load
increased, beam started to deflect and flexural cracks developed along the span of the
beams. All the beam specimens failed in the same manner due to yielding of the
tensile steel. Crack formations were marked on the beam at every load interval. The
first crack appeared close to the mid span of the beam. As the load increased existing
cracks propagated and new cracks developed along the span. The spacing of cracks
varied along the span. The total number of the flexural cracks developed for 30%
replacement of RCA in concrete was more than the 0% Replacement of RCA in
concrete The crack widths of concrete beams for various Geopolymer concrete
mixtures ranged between 0.06 mm to 1 mm.
4.2. Load-deflection characteristics
The experimental load-deflection curves of the RC beams with 0%, 10% and 30%
RCA and partial replacement of GGBS when tested at 28th day for all mixes are
shown in Figure 9. The average ultimate loads for beams of various mixes were
ranging from 38 kN to 103.55 kN respectively. The Deflection of concrete beams for
geopolymer concrete ranged between 5.28 mm to 7.04 mm. and for Cement concrete
ranged between 3.35 mm to 4.54 mm.
Table 8 Summary of beam test results
Mix
Beam
ID
Crack
Load
(KN)
Theoretical
Ultimate
Load WT
(KN)
Experimental
Ultimate
Load WE
(KN)
Theoretical
Ultimate
Moment MT
(KNm)
Experimental
Ultimate
Moment ME
(KNm)
Deflection
(mm)
Mix-1 Beam-1 23 80.52 84.15 13.42 14.025 5.28
Mix-2 Beam-2 22 72.16 77.35 12.028 12.892 5.43
Mix-3 Beam-3 20 62.39 65.50 10.40 10.917 6.65
Mix-4 Beam-4 29 101.21 103.55 16.87 17.259 5.79
Mix-5 Beam-5 27 89.13 92.75 14.856 15.459 6.17
Mix-6 Beam-6 24 76.66 83.85 12.778 13.975 8.34
Mix-7 Beam-7 17 53.83 55.6 8.973 9.267 3.85
Mix-8 Beam-8 16 45.22 50.35 7.537 8.392 4.43
Mix-9 Beam-9 13 31.70 38.10 5.284 6.350 5.50
9. Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete Beams Partially Replaced with
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp
Fig
Figure 9 Load versus Mid Span Deflection of various mixes
4.3. Failure mode and crack pattern
The cracks at the mid-span opened widely thereafter with the yielding of steel when
the beams reached above the ultimate load. The failure pattern of the beam sp
was found to be similar for both RCC and RGPC beams.
5. CONCLUSIONS
1. Conventional methods of mixing, compaction, moulding and demoulding can be
adopted for GPC’S,.
0 0.2
Mix-1
Mix-2
Mix-3
Mix-4
Mix-5
Mix-6
Mix-7
Mix-8
Mix-9
MIXID
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2
LOADinKN
Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete Beams Partially Replaced with
Recycled Coarse Aggregates
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 21 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 8 Crack Width versus various mixes
Load versus Mid Span Deflection of various mixes
Failure mode and crack pattern
span opened widely thereafter with the yielding of steel when
the beams reached above the ultimate load. The failure pattern of the beam sp
was found to be similar for both RCC and RGPC beams.
Conventional methods of mixing, compaction, moulding and demoulding can be
adopted for GPC’S,. As the GPCs do not have any Portland cement, they can be
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Crack width in mm
4 6 8
DEFLECTION in mm
Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete Beams Partially Replaced with
editor@iaeme.com
Load versus Mid Span Deflection of various mixes
span opened widely thereafter with the yielding of steel when
the beams reached above the ultimate load. The failure pattern of the beam specimens
Conventional methods of mixing, compaction, moulding and demoulding can be
As the GPCs do not have any Portland cement, they can be
0.8 1
10
Mix-1
Mix-2
Mix-3
Mix-4
Mix-5
Mix-6
Mix-7
Mix-8
Mix-9
10. M. K. Thangamanibindhu and Dr. D. S. Ramachandra Murthy
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 22 editor@iaeme.com
considered as less energy intensive and GPC utilizes the industrial wastes such as fly
ash and GGBs for producing the binding system in concrete. Therefore these
concretes can be considered as eco-friendly materials.
2. The cracking load of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams is higher when compared
to reinforced cement concrete beams.
3. The ultimate load carrying capacity of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams is
slightly higher when compared to reinforced cement concrete beams.
4. The crack width under load is within the permissible limit for the reinforced
geopolymer concrete beams and reinforced cement concrete beams for 0%
replacement of recycled coarse aggregate and the crack width for 30% replacement of
RCA in normal concrete and GPC was above than the permissible limit.
5. The experimental Values are higher when compared with theoretical values for all the
beams.
6. The load deflection characteristics obtained for the reinforced cement concrete beams
and reinforced geopolymer concrete beams are almost similar for 0% and 10%
replacement of RCA.
7. The crack patterns and failure modes observed for geopolymer concrete beams are
found to be similar to the cement concrete beams. The beams failed initially by
yielding of the tensile steel followed by the crushing of concrete in the compression
face.
REFERENCES
[1] Hardjito D. and Rangan B. V. Development and properties of low calcium fly ash
based geopolymer concrete, Perth, Australia: Curtin University of Technology,
2005.
[2] Madheswaran, C. K., Ambily, P. S. and Rajamane, N. P. Arun G. Studies on
flexural behaviour of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams with light weight
aggregates. Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore, 2014.
[3] IS 456: 2000, Indian Standard Code for Plain and reinforced Concrete-Code of
practice, BIS, New Delhi.
[4] IS 2386: Part-I Methods of tests for aggregates for concrete
[5] Dattatreya, J. K., Ambily, P. S., Madheswaran, C. K., Sabitha, D. and
Neelamegam M. Experimental Studies on Shear Behaviour of Reinforced
Geopolymer Concrete Beams, SERC Research Report No. RR-2, June 2010.
[6] Dattatreya, J. K., Rajamane N. P. and Ambily, P.S. Structural Behaviour of
Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete Beams and Columns. SERC Research Report,
2009.
[7] Kumaravel, S. and Thirugnanasambandam, S. Flexural behaviour of low calcium
fly ash based Geopolymer Concrete Beams. Annamalai University,
Annamalainagar, 2013.
[8] Dr. Muthupriya, P. An Experimental Investigation on Effect of GGBS and Glass
Fibre In High Perfomance Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering
& Technology (IJCIET), 4(4), 2013, pp. 29−35.
[9] Lianyang, Z. Complete Recycling and Utilization of Recycling of Waste through
Geopolymerisation, 2009.
[10] Anaur, K. A., Ridzuan A. R. M. and Ismail, S. Strength Characteristics Of
Geopolymer Concrete Containing Recycled Coarse Agrregates, IIESM.
[11] Johny, B. Prof. George, M. V. Dr. John, E. Study of Properties of Sustainable
Concrete using Slag and Recycled Concrete Aggregate, India
11. Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete Beams Partially Replaced with
Recycled Coarse Aggregates
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 23 editor@iaeme.com
[12] Sangeetha, S. P. and Joanna, P. S. Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete
Beams with Partial Replacement of GGBS, Hindustan University, Chennai, 2014.
[13] IS 12089: 1987, Specification for granulated slag for the manufacture of Poland
slag cement.
[14] Prof. Vyas, C. M. and Prof. Pitroda, J. Fly Ash and Recycled Coarse Aggregate
in Concrete: New Era for Construction Industries − A Literature Review 2013.