This research paper deals with the experimental investigation of a unique platform structure by evaluation of strain through experimental technique. Strain characteristics at critical locations on the structure are evaluated for dynamic load. Strain gauge categorization for experimentation of the platform structure is described. Different nature of stresses at significant locations is evaluated with the aid of linear and rosette gauges. Present-day data acquisition systems are utilized for acquiring the strain values. Static and dynamic strain values are evaluated for constant speeds on cross-country track.
The experimentation reveals exact strain values, as there are no assumptions for measurement. Cross-country road characteristics are exactly simulated for this measurement process. The optimum vehicle speed is maintained for the entire measurement process. Tri-axial values of strains are calculated using rosette reduction technique. Linear strain values are evaluated on longitudinal members of the platform structure. Values of strain acquired different locations reveal the critical areas of the structure for possible design modifications
Mechanics of strain propogation in members of a platform structure devised fo...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
This research paper deals with the mechanics of mechanical strain and its propagation in a steel structure through experimental analysis of a distinctive platform integrated with vehicle chassis. Dynamic values of strain components are evaluated on all constituents of the platform structure at various critical locations. Strain gauge classification for experimentation of the platform structure is described. Different nature of stresses at significant locations is evaluated with the aid of linear and rosette gauges.
Present-day data acquisition systems are utilized for acquiring the strain values. Static and dynamic strain values are evaluated for constant speeds on cross-country track.The experimentation reveals exact strain values, as there are no assumptions for measurement. Cross-country road characteristics are exactly simulated for this measurement process.
The optimum vehicle speed is maintained for the entire measurement process. Tri-axial values of strains are calculated using rosette reduction technique. Linear strain values are evaluated on longitudinal members of the platform structure. Values of strain acquired different locations reveal the critical areas of the structure for possible design modifications.
Strain characteristicts in a unique platform integrated with truck chassis un...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Present work deals with the process of determination of strain in a structural member under intense load for a typical Indian truck. Characteristics of mechanical strain at various locations on the structure are assessed. Strain gauge selection along with process of locating significant positions for strain measurement on the structure is described. Experimental process is employed for strain measurement. From the experimentation carried on the structure, the results reveal that the tri-axial stresses are dominant over bi-axial and uni-axial stresses at critical points on the structure. Contemporary data acquisition systems are utilized to acquire the strain signals. Computer simulation is carried out to have perception of the behavior of the structure under consideration. Static and Dynamic strain measurement is carried out at constant speeds on various tracks. As there are no assumptions involved in measurement like theoretical modeling and analysis, the experimental method provides the actual strain/stress values at the selected locations. Locations have been selected at cross-members where they are supported at the longitudinal members. As the stresses at these locations are not unidirectional, rosettes have been used to acquire strain in three directions. Linear strain gauges used at locations on longitudinal members.
Vibration measurement and spectral analysis of chassis frame mounted structur...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Chassis mounted structure is a base component for shelters or containers mounted on heavy transport vehicles. When the vehicle is driven in rough terrains or during off-road transportation this structure has a significant role in protecting the sophisticated cargo and intelligent tracking systems placed inside the shelters. During off-road transportation or warhead conditions the vehicle is subjected to large unevenness in load due to road or soil irregularities in rough terrains, which causes vibrations to be induced in the vehicle. As the nature of vibrations induced in vehicle during travel on off-road or cross-country terrains is random and unpredictable, there is a concern to analyse the vibration response of chassis and chassis mounted structures is needed. Present work deals with vibration measurement and spectral analysis of a chassis mounted structure designed for off-road and commercial transport vehicles. The road profile on which the vibration measurement has been carried out includes paved road and cross-country terrain segments. The vibration measurement has been carried at three different vehicle speeds. Signal analysis procedure for the acquired test data is discussed. The chassis mounted structure under concern is intended to hold two shelters or containers. From the vibration measurement at critical locations, g-(RMS) and g-(peak) values for paved and cross-country roads have been found out. Power spectral density values have also been found on chassis and structure for the same transport situations. Major inferences include the evaluation of minimum and maximum g-values (peak & RMS) on chassis and chassis mounted structure. Power spectral density graphs are constructed from which the dominant frequency for both road profiles is found out
This paper proposes a long-stroke linear switched reluctance machine (LSRM) with a primary and a secondary translator for industrial conveyance applications. The secondary one can translate according to the primary one so that linear compound motions can be achieved. Considering the fact that either one translator imposes a time-variant, nonlinear disturbance onto the other, the self-tuning position controllers are implemented for the compound machine and experimental results demonstrate that the absolute steady-state error values can fall into 0.03 mm and 0.05 mm for the secondary and primary translator, respectively. A composite absolute precision of less than 0.6 mm can be achieved under the proposed control strategy.
Mechanics of strain propogation in members of a platform structure devised fo...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
This research paper deals with the mechanics of mechanical strain and its propagation in a steel structure through experimental analysis of a distinctive platform integrated with vehicle chassis. Dynamic values of strain components are evaluated on all constituents of the platform structure at various critical locations. Strain gauge classification for experimentation of the platform structure is described. Different nature of stresses at significant locations is evaluated with the aid of linear and rosette gauges.
Present-day data acquisition systems are utilized for acquiring the strain values. Static and dynamic strain values are evaluated for constant speeds on cross-country track.The experimentation reveals exact strain values, as there are no assumptions for measurement. Cross-country road characteristics are exactly simulated for this measurement process.
The optimum vehicle speed is maintained for the entire measurement process. Tri-axial values of strains are calculated using rosette reduction technique. Linear strain values are evaluated on longitudinal members of the platform structure. Values of strain acquired different locations reveal the critical areas of the structure for possible design modifications.
Strain characteristicts in a unique platform integrated with truck chassis un...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Present work deals with the process of determination of strain in a structural member under intense load for a typical Indian truck. Characteristics of mechanical strain at various locations on the structure are assessed. Strain gauge selection along with process of locating significant positions for strain measurement on the structure is described. Experimental process is employed for strain measurement. From the experimentation carried on the structure, the results reveal that the tri-axial stresses are dominant over bi-axial and uni-axial stresses at critical points on the structure. Contemporary data acquisition systems are utilized to acquire the strain signals. Computer simulation is carried out to have perception of the behavior of the structure under consideration. Static and Dynamic strain measurement is carried out at constant speeds on various tracks. As there are no assumptions involved in measurement like theoretical modeling and analysis, the experimental method provides the actual strain/stress values at the selected locations. Locations have been selected at cross-members where they are supported at the longitudinal members. As the stresses at these locations are not unidirectional, rosettes have been used to acquire strain in three directions. Linear strain gauges used at locations on longitudinal members.
Vibration measurement and spectral analysis of chassis frame mounted structur...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Chassis mounted structure is a base component for shelters or containers mounted on heavy transport vehicles. When the vehicle is driven in rough terrains or during off-road transportation this structure has a significant role in protecting the sophisticated cargo and intelligent tracking systems placed inside the shelters. During off-road transportation or warhead conditions the vehicle is subjected to large unevenness in load due to road or soil irregularities in rough terrains, which causes vibrations to be induced in the vehicle. As the nature of vibrations induced in vehicle during travel on off-road or cross-country terrains is random and unpredictable, there is a concern to analyse the vibration response of chassis and chassis mounted structures is needed. Present work deals with vibration measurement and spectral analysis of a chassis mounted structure designed for off-road and commercial transport vehicles. The road profile on which the vibration measurement has been carried out includes paved road and cross-country terrain segments. The vibration measurement has been carried at three different vehicle speeds. Signal analysis procedure for the acquired test data is discussed. The chassis mounted structure under concern is intended to hold two shelters or containers. From the vibration measurement at critical locations, g-(RMS) and g-(peak) values for paved and cross-country roads have been found out. Power spectral density values have also been found on chassis and structure for the same transport situations. Major inferences include the evaluation of minimum and maximum g-values (peak & RMS) on chassis and chassis mounted structure. Power spectral density graphs are constructed from which the dominant frequency for both road profiles is found out
This paper proposes a long-stroke linear switched reluctance machine (LSRM) with a primary and a secondary translator for industrial conveyance applications. The secondary one can translate according to the primary one so that linear compound motions can be achieved. Considering the fact that either one translator imposes a time-variant, nonlinear disturbance onto the other, the self-tuning position controllers are implemented for the compound machine and experimental results demonstrate that the absolute steady-state error values can fall into 0.03 mm and 0.05 mm for the secondary and primary translator, respectively. A composite absolute precision of less than 0.6 mm can be achieved under the proposed control strategy.
Chassis mounted structures provide a levelled base to the transport vehicles intended for on-road and off-road driving. These structures acts as cushioning elements to sophisticated cargos like intelligent tracking systems placed in shelters’ closed environment. These structures need sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the load variations arising from tire-road interactions during rough road travel. Such structures need special attention during the design phase itself in order to improve the specified payload carrying capacity with optimized dimensions. Present paper focuses on formulation of a specialized structure mounted on chassis intended to carry shelters. A scaled prototype is manufactured and tested for different grade-load combinations. This is done through experimental strain measurement and analysis of the results. The data is acquired for nine different load magnitudes and is categorised into three sets as low, moderate and high magnitudes. Interrelation between the stress/strain values acquired during each load and gradient state is developed. The structure behaviour is hypothesized through the gradient strain measurement outcomes. Major design concerns include the spacing & orientation of cross-members, load locations on the structure and the road profiles. Cross-country and rough road terrain behavior of the structure is attempted in present work.
Measuring pavement deflection variance at highway speedsJohan Granlund
A new method for testing pavement condition combines laser/inertial profilometry of unloaded pavement with vibration measurements in a full loaded heavy truck at highway speed. Three types of results are obtained.
1: Truck wheel, frame and cab vibration, as well as driver seat vibration to be compared with exposure guidelines in ISO 2631-1 and limits in directive 2002/44/EC.
2: Three-dimensional road surface geometry data for simulation of ride and calculation of roughness indices.
3: Locations of potential pavement "soft spots". The latter is possible since large pavement deflection variance under the heavy truck cause a quite different vehicle vibration pattern than the pattern excited from the measured unloaded road surface profile.
A tentative accuracy experiment has been done at 4 sites. Recorded seat vibration levels were very high, thus exceeding the EU Action Value in all test runs. The soft spot indications show reasonable repeatability, as well as reproducibility between different driving speeds and between spring time and autumn. Trueness is the most difficult accuracy feature to estimate, since no ideal reference method is at hand neither for variance of local deflection under truck wheel, nor for global deflection under the entire truck. By comparison with FWD, coring and ground penetrating radar results, trueness seems promising. During the tests, a virtual tyre footprint sensor was used for road profiling. Evaluation showed it to bring a large improvement to profiling accuracy. The new high speed measurement method brings excellent opportunities for further research on the entire chain pavement-truck-ride quality interaction.
Paper published at BCRA´05 in Trondheim, Norway.
Development and validation of chassis mounted platform design for heavy vehic...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Hand calculations, finite element (FE) analysis and experimental validation of chassis mounted platform design for defence and commercial off-road vehicles have been attempted in this work. The work was commenced with the thorough study of platform configuration, loading pattern, platform mount location & configuration on the vehicle chassis and relevant vehicle characteristics. Calculation of section modulus, shear force and bending moment of various structural members under specified loading has been carried out before proceeding with the FE modeling and analysis of platform. FE model of the chassis mounted platform has been made using shell elements and the boundary conditions have been imposed based on the loading pattern with an assumption of rigid vehicle chassis. Static and gradient analyses of the platform have been carried out for full scale and reduced scale prototype FE models. Experimental strain measurement at critical locations under different static and gradient loads has been carried out for design validation of chassis mounted platform using the scaled prototype. Close correlation has been found between the experimental stress values and FE stress analysis results for static and gradient load conditions. From the entire load tests conducted, it is observed that the strain values in rear portion are less as compared with those in front and mid portions of the platform in-spite of the rear overhang provision.
Vehicle and human vibration due to road condition - ROADEX IVJohan Granlund
This present ROADEX IV follow-up report describes results from demonstration projects in Scotland, Finland, Norway and Sweden over the period 2010 to 2012, where the case study from the Beaver Road 331 in ROADEX III has been reproduced. This document also reports on a study of the influence of road maintenance standard on truck ride vibration and vehicle internal noise, with special focus on winter road condition. Furthermore it reports on a study on vibration isolation from road to truck driver’s seat, by use of a Tyre Pressure Control System (TPCS). All measurements were carried out in the period 2010 - 2012.
A high repeatability between similar truck round trips was confirmed when using the ROADEX method to assess truck drivers’ daily vibration exposure A(8). Results from measurements of truck ride quality during the demonstrations included:
* Unacceptably high levels of driver´s daily vibration dose A(8) were recorded in all of the ROADEX Partner areas (the Norwegian E6-measurements were lower than the others but still at about the EU Action Value).
* Significant compression stress in the truck drivers spine were recorded at severe road damages, such as sharp frost heaves, settlements at bridges and culverts, improper
road/bridge joints and uneven transversal joints at both old and new asphalt repairs.
* In all Partner areas, intense truck roll vibration and lateral buffeting was recorded. This confirmed a special health and safety problem in the EU Northern Periphery (NP) cold
climates.
* The pavement condition parameter RBCSV (a “truck roll vibration indicator”) was further validated in addition to the previous ROADEX III study in Sweden. At sites with very high RBCSV, there is a risk that cargo latches might break due to high lateral acceleration.
* Winter conditions in the NP can result in significant corrugations in thick ice covering nonsalted roads, and extremely uneven frost heaves. The project results show that these conditions can make the ride vibration and noise much worse than during summer conditions.
* The use of a Tyre Pressure Control System (TPCS) has previously been shown to reduce ride vibration. The present study used a more detailed analysis to quantify the TPCS vibration isolating effect. Results from Scotland and Sweden show that TPCS was very efficient in isolating “shake” vibration from short wave road roughness (megatexture < 0.5 m) such as potholes and corrugated ice surfaces.
* Vehicle body “bounce” vibration with lower frequencies (1 – 3 Hz) were not isolated by the TPCS. Such low frequency bounce vibration can only be reduced by pavement maintenance.
* High side friction demand due to improperly banked horizontal curves was found to be a contributing factor behind many loss-of-control crashes, including rollovers.
* Several curves with tragic crash records were found to be improperly banked despite being newly resurfaced.
Investigation on Chassis Dynamometer with Capability to Test Regenerative Bra...IJPEDS-IAES
An investigation-based approach to a bidirectional power flow method for
testing regenerative braking function on a chassis dynamometer is presented.
The requirements and specifications for capability to test regenerative
braking function of Electric Vehicle (EV) emulated by using a bidirectional
chassis dynamometer are discussed. The dynamometer emulates road load
conditions during testing, and regenerative braking is able to test their
function while the vehicle is in deceleration condition. Performances of
power requirement are illustrated and translated into sequence diagram. It is
shown that the proposed topology is particularly advantageous in generating
and regenerating power for energy consumption. The overview of
conventional chassis dynamometer and the proposed chassis dynamometer is
compared to investigate the parameter in the development of regenerative
braking test.
The Benkelman beam is the simplest and the oldest deflection
test device, developed in the United States in the mid-1950s. Its used to measure the structural capacity of a flexible pavement.
Chassis mounted structures provide a levelled base to the transport vehicles intended for on-road and off-road driving. These structures acts as cushioning elements to sophisticated cargos like intelligent tracking systems placed in shelters’ closed environment. These structures need sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the load variations arising from tire-road interactions during rough road travel. Such structures need special attention during the design phase itself in order to improve the specified payload carrying capacity with optimized dimensions. Present paper focuses on formulation of a specialized structure mounted on chassis intended to carry shelters. A scaled prototype is manufactured and tested for different grade-load combinations. This is done through experimental strain measurement and analysis of the results. The data is acquired for nine different load magnitudes and is categorised into three sets as low, moderate and high magnitudes. Interrelation between the stress/strain values acquired during each load and gradient state is developed. The structure behaviour is hypothesized through the gradient strain measurement outcomes. Major design concerns include the spacing & orientation of cross-members, load locations on the structure and the road profiles. Cross-country and rough road terrain behavior of the structure is attempted in present work.
Measuring pavement deflection variance at highway speedsJohan Granlund
A new method for testing pavement condition combines laser/inertial profilometry of unloaded pavement with vibration measurements in a full loaded heavy truck at highway speed. Three types of results are obtained.
1: Truck wheel, frame and cab vibration, as well as driver seat vibration to be compared with exposure guidelines in ISO 2631-1 and limits in directive 2002/44/EC.
2: Three-dimensional road surface geometry data for simulation of ride and calculation of roughness indices.
3: Locations of potential pavement "soft spots". The latter is possible since large pavement deflection variance under the heavy truck cause a quite different vehicle vibration pattern than the pattern excited from the measured unloaded road surface profile.
A tentative accuracy experiment has been done at 4 sites. Recorded seat vibration levels were very high, thus exceeding the EU Action Value in all test runs. The soft spot indications show reasonable repeatability, as well as reproducibility between different driving speeds and between spring time and autumn. Trueness is the most difficult accuracy feature to estimate, since no ideal reference method is at hand neither for variance of local deflection under truck wheel, nor for global deflection under the entire truck. By comparison with FWD, coring and ground penetrating radar results, trueness seems promising. During the tests, a virtual tyre footprint sensor was used for road profiling. Evaluation showed it to bring a large improvement to profiling accuracy. The new high speed measurement method brings excellent opportunities for further research on the entire chain pavement-truck-ride quality interaction.
Paper published at BCRA´05 in Trondheim, Norway.
Development and validation of chassis mounted platform design for heavy vehic...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Hand calculations, finite element (FE) analysis and experimental validation of chassis mounted platform design for defence and commercial off-road vehicles have been attempted in this work. The work was commenced with the thorough study of platform configuration, loading pattern, platform mount location & configuration on the vehicle chassis and relevant vehicle characteristics. Calculation of section modulus, shear force and bending moment of various structural members under specified loading has been carried out before proceeding with the FE modeling and analysis of platform. FE model of the chassis mounted platform has been made using shell elements and the boundary conditions have been imposed based on the loading pattern with an assumption of rigid vehicle chassis. Static and gradient analyses of the platform have been carried out for full scale and reduced scale prototype FE models. Experimental strain measurement at critical locations under different static and gradient loads has been carried out for design validation of chassis mounted platform using the scaled prototype. Close correlation has been found between the experimental stress values and FE stress analysis results for static and gradient load conditions. From the entire load tests conducted, it is observed that the strain values in rear portion are less as compared with those in front and mid portions of the platform in-spite of the rear overhang provision.
Vehicle and human vibration due to road condition - ROADEX IVJohan Granlund
This present ROADEX IV follow-up report describes results from demonstration projects in Scotland, Finland, Norway and Sweden over the period 2010 to 2012, where the case study from the Beaver Road 331 in ROADEX III has been reproduced. This document also reports on a study of the influence of road maintenance standard on truck ride vibration and vehicle internal noise, with special focus on winter road condition. Furthermore it reports on a study on vibration isolation from road to truck driver’s seat, by use of a Tyre Pressure Control System (TPCS). All measurements were carried out in the period 2010 - 2012.
A high repeatability between similar truck round trips was confirmed when using the ROADEX method to assess truck drivers’ daily vibration exposure A(8). Results from measurements of truck ride quality during the demonstrations included:
* Unacceptably high levels of driver´s daily vibration dose A(8) were recorded in all of the ROADEX Partner areas (the Norwegian E6-measurements were lower than the others but still at about the EU Action Value).
* Significant compression stress in the truck drivers spine were recorded at severe road damages, such as sharp frost heaves, settlements at bridges and culverts, improper
road/bridge joints and uneven transversal joints at both old and new asphalt repairs.
* In all Partner areas, intense truck roll vibration and lateral buffeting was recorded. This confirmed a special health and safety problem in the EU Northern Periphery (NP) cold
climates.
* The pavement condition parameter RBCSV (a “truck roll vibration indicator”) was further validated in addition to the previous ROADEX III study in Sweden. At sites with very high RBCSV, there is a risk that cargo latches might break due to high lateral acceleration.
* Winter conditions in the NP can result in significant corrugations in thick ice covering nonsalted roads, and extremely uneven frost heaves. The project results show that these conditions can make the ride vibration and noise much worse than during summer conditions.
* The use of a Tyre Pressure Control System (TPCS) has previously been shown to reduce ride vibration. The present study used a more detailed analysis to quantify the TPCS vibration isolating effect. Results from Scotland and Sweden show that TPCS was very efficient in isolating “shake” vibration from short wave road roughness (megatexture < 0.5 m) such as potholes and corrugated ice surfaces.
* Vehicle body “bounce” vibration with lower frequencies (1 – 3 Hz) were not isolated by the TPCS. Such low frequency bounce vibration can only be reduced by pavement maintenance.
* High side friction demand due to improperly banked horizontal curves was found to be a contributing factor behind many loss-of-control crashes, including rollovers.
* Several curves with tragic crash records were found to be improperly banked despite being newly resurfaced.
Investigation on Chassis Dynamometer with Capability to Test Regenerative Bra...IJPEDS-IAES
An investigation-based approach to a bidirectional power flow method for
testing regenerative braking function on a chassis dynamometer is presented.
The requirements and specifications for capability to test regenerative
braking function of Electric Vehicle (EV) emulated by using a bidirectional
chassis dynamometer are discussed. The dynamometer emulates road load
conditions during testing, and regenerative braking is able to test their
function while the vehicle is in deceleration condition. Performances of
power requirement are illustrated and translated into sequence diagram. It is
shown that the proposed topology is particularly advantageous in generating
and regenerating power for energy consumption. The overview of
conventional chassis dynamometer and the proposed chassis dynamometer is
compared to investigate the parameter in the development of regenerative
braking test.
The Benkelman beam is the simplest and the oldest deflection
test device, developed in the United States in the mid-1950s. Its used to measure the structural capacity of a flexible pavement.
Modelling of Permanent Deformation on Flexible Pavement Using Accelerated Pav...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The two major distresses encountered on flexible pavement under Indian conditions are fracture
(cracking) and longitudinal permanent deformation (rutting) which affects the serviceability of pavement.
Accelerated Pavement Testing Facility (APTF) is a tool which is a vital link for testing and measuring full-scale
field behaviour of cracking and rutting of pavement at in-situ conditions. Recently, CSIR-Central Road
Research Institute (CRRI) in India has procured a linear Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) type of APTF which is
presently being used for finding out the cracking and rutting behaviour of a flexible pavement consisting Dense
Bituminous Concrete (DBC) as wearing course and Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) as binder course apart
from the conventional granular layers above sub-grade.
The present paper deals with the development of a statistical model and its approach for pavement
rutting under numerous passes (bi-directional) for the layer specifications which are (i) 40 mm DBC (ii) 120
mm DBM (iii) 250 mm Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) and (iv) 300 mm Granular Sub-base (GSB) above the Subgrade,
which is an Indian Specification widely used for 30 Million Standard Axles (MSA) at 5% CBR. The
statistical model has been developed by observing / recording pavement surface profile using Laser
Profilometer (off board) for every 5,000 passes upto 50,000 passes, thereafter at every 10,000 passes upto
175,000 passes and then at every 25,000 passes upto 275,000 passes. The details of methodology adopted, load
applied, temperature and material properties have also been given in the paper.
Keywords: Flexible pavement, Rutting, Accelerated Pavement Testing Facility,Modelling,Profilometer
Study of analysis of bus passenger tie rod a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract This paper focuses on the study of buckling load on the Tie rod of steering system that undergoes an axial compression. Because of the external factors like road condition, different driving situations, different road adhesion, traffic conditions, vibrations and sudden jerks are sets up in tie rod. Tie rod generally buckle under the action of compressive force due to the large ratio of tie rod length to its radius of gyration. When it becomes worn out, steering will become more difficult and the vehicle will also typically be pulling or dragging to either side. Thus the aim of the project is to analyze tie rod for to improve the mass and buckling load of tie rod and to find out maximum deformation and stress. Present research is divided in two parts. First, to conduct survey amongst the buses, examine the causes of failure and second is to design and analysis to recommend best possible alternatives of Tie Rod with the aid of advanced design tools like CAD. Tie Rod failure is one of the major problems facing for MSRTC workshop supervisor. Key Words: Buckling Load, Compressive Load, CAD, FEM, MSRTC Bus, Tie Rod etc…
Analysis of vibration characteristics of transport utility vehicle by finite ...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Present work deals with the design and analysis vibration characteristics for transport utility vehicle. The transport utility vehicle is designed using automotive industry standards. The dynamic behaviour of vehicle depends on the selection of overall dimensions, wheel base, track width, overall height and width that are decided using central motor vehicle rules. The selected dimensions for vertical and horizontal pillar members of the transport bus are modified to enhance the strength, stiffness and stability of the superstructure during travel. This increased stability enhances the ride comfort and passenger safety. Analysing the effect of utilizing manual meshing in complex areas of a transport utility vehicle for vibration analysis and passenger ride comfort has also been carried out. Modal analysis to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of transport utility vehicle model is also carried. Further with the use of finite element analysis deflection vehicle structure is evaluated. The outcomes from the analysis are compared with the behaviour of chassis mounted platform in dynamic conditions and are found in close correlation. The vehicle structure behaves as a single entity in dynamic situations, so surface model is prepared. Element selection for the finite element analysis is carried by considering plane stress condition. Two-dimensional quadrilateral shell elements are extensively used for meshing of the computer model of the vehicle structure. Complex areas in the optimized vehicle structure are meshed using relevant combination of quads & trias. The values of vector sum displacement and frequencies are found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones.
Simulation and Static Analysis of an Off-Road Vehicle Roll CageIJMER
The SAE-BAJA competition is arranged every year with a purpose to have teams of
engineering students design, build and race a prototype of a four-wheel, one passenger, off-road
vehicle. The most important aspect of the vehicle design is the frame. The frame contains the operator,
engine, brake system, fuel system and steering mechanism, it must be of adequate strength to protect
the operator in the event of a rollover or impact. The roll cage must be constructed of steel tubing, with
minimum dimensional and strength requirements dictated by Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).
Increased concern about the roll cage has created the importance of simulation and analysis thereby
predicting failure modes of the frame. In the present paper, we have used ANSYS to investigate the
response of the frame under various impacts. We considered a direct frontal impact and side impact
that results in a 4g horizontal loading, a rollover impact of 3g deceleration value, bump impact and
front torsional impact analysis with 3g deceleration value. The impact loading is simulated by
restricting displacements at certain locations, and applying discrete forces at various points on the
frame where the weight is concentrated. Throughout the analysis of roll cage more emphasis was given
on obtaining a allowable factor of safety and designed according to it.
Compilation and Verification of FatigueLoad Spectrum ofHighSpeed Maglev Vehic...IJRES Journal
The purpose of this study was to construct the fatigue test load spectrum for use in the high speed
maglev vehicleswing rod.Based on the measured load spectrum of the high speed maglev vehicle running
gear,the relatively poor condition and location of the swing rod was determined, according to the statistics and
analysis the load data of swing rod. With the rain-flow cycle quantile extrapolation, a high degree confidence
load spectrum was obtained in view of the differential damage among the different tests. The eight level
one-dimensional load spectrum after mean equivalent processing was established, by applying the Goodman to
correct mean stress effect on the fatigue strength and life; The stresses under the loadswere calculated using the
ANSYSsimulation.The fatigue life obtained from the programmed load spectrum is compared with that
calculated from measured load data using Miner theory，and the accuracy and validation of the programmed
load spectrum for thehigh speed maglev vehicleswing rodwere verified．
An investigation of structural integrity of chassis mounted platform subjecte...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work deals with the investigation of strength of a specialized chassis mounted platform/structure designed to carry concentrated load. This work deals with the mathematics behind braking through shear and bending diagrams analysis processes. The perceptible loading case in the present analysis comprises braking load and its effect on the platform/structure by usage of simple shear force & bending moment diagrams. These diagrams reveal the distribution of shearing force during braking for typical Indian truck. Present analysis accentuates on the design stage aspects of the platform as this research is a step in doctoral study. Effect of load during braking for an atypical type of combination of longitudinal and cross members in platform/frame design is formulated. This paper provides a new technique for computation of strength using shear and bending diagrams. Peculiarity of this analysis is the usage of combined section modulus of three members for computation of stress.
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF IMPACT LOADS ON BUMPER BEAM AT DIFFERENT OFFSETSIAEME Publication
The objectives of this study were to increase the physical understanding of the different phenomena taking place during the offset impact of an automotive bumper beam-longitudinal system as well as to validate a modeling procedure for the system’s crash performance. The experimental database was used for the development and validation of modeling procedures for the crash performance of the bumper beam-longitudinal system with the use of the FE-code ANSYS-DYNA. The numerical model should be able to predict the collapse mode with a high level of certainty in order to ensure robust design.
As catastrophic bridge collapse accidents not only cause significant loss of property, but also have a severe social impact. Therefore, the structural health monitoring of bridges for damage detection by vibration analysis gets more attention. Reinforced concrete bridges are the most common and extended structures present in the worldwide. These structures are often characterized by Piers, Abutments, deck slabs. This paper looks on the work of modelling and analysis of bridge in STAAD.Pro software, and the specific bridge model is taken of a particular span. It is subjected to vary Young’s modulus (E) in the mid span of bridge deck slab to induce damage in order to obtain maximum bending moment, as the structural strength reduces. From the analysis Mu/bd2 values from SP 16 code is used to identify the damage on the bridge deck slab, then natural frequency of the bridge, mode shapes, variation of the deflection and node displacements of bridge deck slab under the action of static and dynamic load at different aspect ratios with original design parameters and at failure is carried out in this project.
Design, Analysis and weight optimization of Crane Hook: A Reviewijsrd.com
Crane hook are highly liable component and are always subjected to failure due to accumulation of large amount of stress which can eventually lead to its failure .In this present work, to study the different design parameter & stress pattern of crane hook in its loaded condition for different cross section, the design and drafting of crane hook will be prepared by using ANSYS 14.5. By finite element analysis, the stress which is to be formed in various cross section are compared with design calculation .The stress concentration factors are used in strength and durability evaluation of structure and machine element. In this work and also we observe the parameter that affects the weight reduction.
Finite Element Analysis and Topography Optimization of Lower Arm of Double Wi...IJERA Editor
The suspension system is one of the most important components of vehicle, which directly affects the safety, performance, noise level and style of it. The vehicle suspension system is responsible for driving comfort and safety as the suspension carries the vehicle-body and transmits all forces between body and road. Structure optimization techniques under static load conditions have been widely used in automotive industry for lightweight and performance improvement of modern cars. However, these static load conditions could not represent all the severe situations of automobile parts which subjected to complex loads varying with time, especially for lower control arm of front suspension. This paper deals with Finite Element Analysis of the Lower arm suspension of double wishbone suspension which consist the stress optimization under static loadings. Lower arm suspension has been modeled using Unigraphics .In first stage of analysis area of maximum stress was identified. These analysis were carried using Altair Hyperworks and solver used is Abacus. In order to reduce stresses and to improve structural strength Topography optimization approach is carried out in Hyperworks in which a design region for a given part is defined and a pattern of shape variable-based reinforcements within that region is generated to increase Stiffness.
FEA Based Validation of Weld Joint Used In Chassis of Light Commercial Vehicl...ijiert bestjournal
Generally automotive systems are subjected to dynam ic and static loads,due to hives driving and adverse conditions of the road surface,thus it causes cracks,noise,vibration and failure in an automobile,since in general the total effect of work for automobile system is lowered. Such effect is arising due to behaviour in types of loading,construction and condition of the work where the automobile system is and reducing it s strength. Therefore however most of the Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV) chassis are man ufactured by welding to reduce the weight of the chassis. Hence there is a more stress concentration occurs at a welded joint region. The fundamental task is to develop a model of welded joint to sustain various loads of LCV chassis. Effect of different design parameters,properties of material are observed with respect to the strength of the weld and location of stress concentrations are identified. During the design process model parameters are often alter ed to evaluate alternative welding joining choices,to reduce weight of the system to sustain varying loading conditions without failure.
Similar to Experimental investigation of inmitiable platform on heavy vehicle chassis ij au erd 2013 (20)
Review and diagnostics of noise and vibrations in automobiles ijmer 2011Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work describes various automotive noise & vibration sources and their contribution. Noise and vibration reduction technique is studied through energy flow path. Various international and Indian standards for vehicles consider two types of noise measurement i.e. pass by noise and stationary noise. This paper discusses the appropriateness of SN test for in use vehicle. A methodology for interior noise source identification and its analysis is descried. Two vehicles of same class but of different makes were compared and evaluated for interior noise and vibration levels. The effectiveness of the firewall, silencers and engine mounts are checked and compared. The correlation between pressure and vibration levels of different sources with acoustical and structure transfer path are studied. Basic causes, design guidelines and validation techniques using lab simulation and data acquisition are discussed. Application of damping technology using viscous materials to control noise and vibration in vehicles is described.
Optimization in mechanical seal design for api 682 category i applications ij...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The paper covers development of mechanical seal design to optimize the adaptive part for API 682 category 1 applications. Under the guidelines of Forschungskuratorium Maschinenbau (FKM) the static strength is investigated using local stresses. Static structural load case is carried out on the adaptive parts with non-average element-nodal stresses. The new design performance is investigated using finite element analysis in terms of equivalent stress. Improved features in the design and their effects on manufacturing benefits, seal performance leading final product cost/weight optimization are discussed. Evaluation of centrifugally cast stainless steel raw material instead of forged wrought raw material is discussed.
Noise and vibrations in automobiles review and diagnostics ijmperd 2011Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work describes various automotive noise & vibration sources and their contribution. Noise and vibration reduction technique is studied through energy flow path. Various international and Indian standards for vehicles consider two types of noise measurement i.e. pass by noise and
stationary noise. This paper discusses the appropriateness of SN test for in use
vehicle. A methodology for interior noise source identification and its analysis is descried. Two vehicles of same class but of different makes were compared and evaluated for interior noise and vibration levels. The effectiveness of the firewall, silencers and engine mounts are checked and compared. The correlation
between pressure and vibration levels of different sources with acoustical and structure transfer path are studied. Basic causes, design guidelines and validation techniques using lab simulation and data acquisition are discussed. Application of damping technology using viscous materials to control noise and vibration in vehicles is described.
Modeling and finite element analysis for a casting defect in thin wall struct...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The casting of pump impeller blades is a difficult operation due to its thin wall structure. In the casting process for thin wall impeller structure, the prediction of shrinkage defect is a one of the important issue and failure of such thin wall structure is a commonly encountered problem. The non-uniform heat transfer rate is the main cause of such failure. The uniformity of heat transfer rate may enhance by placing the runner at appropriate position and riser based on the geometrical attributes. The flow of liquid metal and its solidification has time based temperature variation, shrinkages and porosity distributions in such structures. An attempt is made for the analysis of optimization in the placement of runner and riser through this experimentation. The experiment contains the analysis of finite element simulation of fluid flow and solidification of metal execution at various temperatures, prediction of shrinkages based on the geometry of the casting and flow curvature and porosity distribution. This work also focuses on the prediction of casting defects in aluminum thin wall pump impeller structure using commercially available software (ANSYS-FLUENT). The experimental validation of the simulation result is also done to confirm the same.
Mathematical analysis of section properties of a platform integrated with veh...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work depicts mathematical behavior of a vehicle mounted platform/frame integrated with chassis structure in terms of plane stresses and plane strains for non-uniform loads. The load type considered in present work is concentrated load for which the mathematical model is formulated. A different type of combination of longitudinal and cross members in platform/frame design is formulated. The dimensions of platform members are determined using IS standards. After analysis of all possible combinations of longitudinal and cross members present design is anticipated. Section properties of longitudinal and cross members of the platform are determined & deduction of bending stress and shear force based on the load pattern are the fundamental steps in design and analysis of platform structure. The peculiarity of this analysis is the calculation of combined section modulus of three members. These are evaluated by excel programs developed indigenously.
Finite element simulation and investigation of thin wall impeller casting ija...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
In case of casting of thin wall impeller structure, the prediction of shrinkage defect is a difficult operation and failure of such thin wall structure is a commonly encountered problem. Such failures are due to non-uniform heat transfer rate. The uniformity of heat transfer rate may enhance by placing the runner at appropriate position and riser based on the geometrical attributes. An attempt is made for the analysis of optimization in the placement of runner and riser. The present work focuses on the simulation of aluminum thin wall pump impeller blade using commercially available software (ANSYS) and experiments for optimum placement of risers and reducing defects.
Finite element analysis of chassis integrated structure for tractor trolley i...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
This paper deals with the design evaluation of chassis integrated structure intended to carry tractor trolleys. This structure is either bolted along with tractor trailer chassis or attached to the trolley using special attachments. Such structure is located in between the trolley chassis and tractor trolley. The role of this structure is to provide a support to the trolley during transportation in agricultural terrains. This structure transmits and upholds the load variations during tractor travel in agricultural terrains. Present work deals with design evaluation of one such structure. In this work, the structure under consideration is designed to house and support one axle semi-trailer trolley. Locations of attachment of the structure to the chassis or trolley depend upon the weight and size restrictions mentioned in Indian Standards. Major design considerations for the structure include height of the semi-trailer trolley, nature of load or cargo placed inside the trolley, restrictions on axle load and tractor geometry parameters as departure angle & ground clearance. In order to evaluate structure characteristics of stress and deflection computer simulation is carried for the road-load conditions. Road profiles for structure simulation and analysis include typical Indian agricultural terrains comprising of black cotton soil and soil lumps.
Finite element analysis of center pin and bracket of jig fixture assembly ijm...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The manufacturing industry caters the range of products to satisfy the ever changing market needs.
To overcome the increasing production demands, the industry implies various techniques. We need a technique for
increasing the production of drilling two holes on a Railway Pinion, improve the quality of product and reduce the
operation time. This project aims to design the Jig and Fixture for the same. The 3-dimensional Computer Aided Model
of the components is made using CATIA V5-R21 software. To study the behavior of component, simulation is carried out.
Preprocessing of the CAD model is carried in Hypermesh software. Boundary conditions are applied using physical
situations of the components. Finite element analysis of the components is done, and the results obtained are compared
with the theoretical analysis and also with the available literature. The stresses and deformations are found within desired limits. Using FE analysis, the parts are manufactured and assembled.
Finite element analysis and experimental simulation of chassis mounted platfo...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Chassis mounted platform is an intermediate component between vehicle chassis and chassis mounted shelter, and is intended to act as a levelled base for shelters. Shelters in combat vehicles provide a closed stipulated environment to computerized tracking systems, sophisticated defense combat equipments to suit the operational and environmental requirements during warhead situations. Platform carries transfers & sustains unevenness in load arising from the road or soil irregularities during off-road vehicle travel. Present work deals with development, evaluation and improvement of one such platform for 8x8 vehicles. In this work, the platform under consideration is designed to accommodate two shelters, each being secured to the platform using standard twist locking arrangements. Securing locations are dependent on the size & weight of the commodity to be placed inside shelter. Major design ruminations of the platform include nature & pattern of load, flange orientations of channel sections, span between webs of consecutive channels, axle load distribution and vehicle geometry constraints as ground clearance & departure angle. Finite element analysis is carried out in to order evaluate stress and deflection in the present platform configuration. Experimental strain measurement at critical locations on the platform is carried at Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) to evaluate the performance of the platform under specified load-speed conditions. Relation between experimental stress values and strain gauge locations on the platform is assessed for different load magnitudes.
Failure analysis of fuel pumps used for diesel engines in transport utility v...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Present work deals with the failure analysis of fuel pump in transport utility vehicles. The fuel pump assembly failed at 70536km. Various types of failures in pump and its different components are analyzed. Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) of the acquired data has been carried out. The pump components with substantial contribution in failure are determined using risk priority number analysis and the failure causes are postulated. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for pump parts as rollers and cam plates the types failures are observed. Presence of water in fuel tank indicated the reason for rusting of bottom surface of tank. Pitting failure due to rust particles has been identified in pump parts after SEM observations. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) of pump parts has also been carried out to identify levels of unnormalized constituent elements responsible for failure. From EDS presence of oxygen responsible for oxidation reaction with iron is identified. Significant percentage of oxygen at different locations indicated the presence of moisture in the system. Remedial measure to avoid pump failure has been suggested in present work.
Development and design validation of pneumatic tool for stem seal collet fi...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work deals with the design development and design validation of special purpose pneumatic tool to optimize the steps in assembly and consequently production process. An attempt is made to develop a pneumatic tool that uses power of compressed air to generate a force enough to press the stem seal and the collet, collet cup collectively. Detailed calculations of section properties of various members of the tool assembly are carried out. Calculation for force to be generated is done by considering possibilities i.e. hydraulic generation and pneumatic. Prior to fabrication, detailed CAD modeling of each component of assembly is carried out using CATIA V5 software which gives a correct perception of the assembly and its components. Fabrication of each component of the assembly is carried out by various manufacturing processes as Grinding, milling, drilling. To enhance surface hardness induction hardening is carried out. Close correlation between the calculated and generated force validates the design.
Design evaluation of chassis mounted platform for off road wheeled heavy vehi...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Chassis mounted platform is an intermediate component between vehicle chassis and shelter, and acts as a levelled base for shelters. Platform transfers & sustains unevenness in load arising from the road or soil irregularities during vehicle travel in rough terrains. Present work deals with development, evaluation and improvement of one such platform. In this work, the platform under consideration is designed to accommodate two shelters, each being secured to the platform using standard twist locking arrangements. Securing locations are dependent on the size & weight of the commodity to be placed inside the shelter. Major design modifications of the platform include nature & pattern of load, flange orientations of channel sections, span between webs of adjacent channels, axle load distribution and vehicle geometry constraints as ground clearance & departure angle. Hand calculations, computer aided design and finite element analysis are carried to evaluate the stress and deflection for different platform configurations. Road profiles for platform analysis include rough road and cross-country terrains. Experimental strain measurement at critical locations on the platform is carried out to evaluate the performance of the platform under specified load-speed conditions. Mathematical relation between experimental stress values and strain gauge locations on the platform is developed for different load magnitudes and loading patterns.
Design and analysis of state transport (s.t) utility vehicle ~ bus ijvss 2019Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Passenger transport is an inseparable ingredient of public transport system for developing and developed nations. In present work design and analysis of state transport utility vehicle ~ bus is carried out. Present paper focuses on the design enhancements in structural features of sub and superstructure without any alterations on the chassis provided by OEMs. Limiting dimensions of bus as prescribed by automotive industry standard and central motor vehicle rules are the design constraints accounted in the present work. This work was commenced with the thorough study of sub and superstructure configurations, seat locations, passenger load patterns, locations of doors, windows & emergency exits and other relevant bus attributes. Hand calculations for evaluation gross section modulus of chassis and cross member combination are presented. Usage of shear force and bending moment diagrams to evaluate the stress and deflection for the proposed load patterns is made before proceeding for finite element analysis. Finite element modelling and analysis of the sub and super structure combination is carried using shell elements with the presumption that chassis of the bus is rigid. Roll-over analysis of bus for the present configuration is presented.
Advanced mathematical analysis of chassis integrated platform designed for un...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work deals with advanced mathematical stress analysis of a platform integrated structure mounted on vehicle chassis designed for unconventional type of loading pattern. The perceptible loading cases in the present analysis comprise static load and its effect on the platform/structure by usage of simple shear force & bending moment diagrams. Deflection analysis using conventional Macaulay’s method invokes the structures suitability for the transportation. Present analysis accentuates on the design stage aspects of the platform as this research is a step in proposed doctoral study. A different type of combination of longitudinal and cross members in platform/frame design is formulated. Present design is anticipated after analysis of all possible combinations& orientations of longitudinal and cross members. Determination of section properties of longitudinal and cross members of the platform & deduction of elementary stress based on the unconventional load pattern are the fundamental steps in design and analysis of structure. Peculiarity of this analysis is the usage of combined section modulus of three members for computation of stress. Present research provides a tool that can be used prior to computer aided design and finite element analysis.
Design against fluctuating loads, stress concentration, Goodman and Modified Goodman Diagrams, Factors affecting stress concentration, Use of charts for finding stress concentration facotrs
Types of shafts, material for shafts, shaft design, torsional rigidity, lateral rigidity, maximum shear and principal stress theories, key design and selection, detailed coupling design process
Detailed analysis of wire and rope drives, designation of wire and rope drives, selection of wire ropes wire ropes for different applications and their diameters
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
2. 8 Deulgaonkar Vikas Radhakrishna & Matani Ashok Gurmukhdas
Figure 1: The Steel Structure Physical Prototype
THE EXPERIMENTAL STRAIN COMPUTATION
The beginning step in for any strain gauge installation is the selection of pertinent gauge for the task. The gauge
selection process passes through various phases as assessment of exact strain sensing alloy, that determines the operating
characteristics for gauge, backing materials, gauge series, gauge length and gauge pattern. The most crucial parameter is
heat dissipation and this is accounted during gage length and gage pattern selection. In the present analysis locations have
been selected both at longitudinal and cross-members. The stresses at several locations on cross members are not
unidirectional hence rosettes have been used to acquire tri-axial strain values. Linear strain gauges are employed at
locations on longitudinal members to acquire strain values in linear direction. The loading pattern of actual loading
condition has been followed while placing the dummy load on the platform. Dynamic strain measurement has been carried
out while driving the vehicle on cross-country tracks at constant speed. The portions of tracks have been selected such that
they exhibit approximately uniform characteristics. Dynamic measurement has been made with zero stationary orientation.
The acquired signals have been investigated and the dynamic components have been obtained.
Strain Gauge Installation Process for Experimentation
Preceding to strain gauge installation, surface preparation is of immense significance. The phases of surface
preparation are solvent degreasing, surface abrading, gauge location layout lines and surface conditioning. Solvent
degreasing removes oil, grease, unrefined impurities and soluble compound sediments. For present experiment isopropyl
alcohol is employed as degreaser. Surface abrading seizes scale, tarnishes, paints and constructs a surface for suitable
gauge bonding. For surface grazing, a silicon carbide paper of fine girt is utilized. Further gauge location layout lines are
constructed at right angles to each other with one line leaning in the direction of strain measurement. To remove remains
from burnishing operation, surface conditioning is employed. The final step is neutralizing which brings the surface to an
alkalinity of 7 to 7.5 pH, appropriate for micro-measurements. M-Prep 5A is neutralizer in this investigation. Further in
this research strain gauges are bonded to the structure using M-bond 200 catalyst and further soldered. Extreme care is
taken during soldering operation as this would disturb all the above mentioned operations. The gauges installed and the
data acquisition systems are shown in figure 2 below
Figure 2: Strain Rosettes and Data Acquisition System on the Structure
3. Experimental Investigation of a Inimitable Platform on Heavy Vehicle Chassis 9
Static strain measurement has been conceded out for various design load conditions. Dynamic strain measurement
has been carried out while driving the vehicle on cross-country track at a constant speed of 20km/hr. The track segments
demonstrating approximately regular characteristics are selected. Dynamic measurement has been made with zero static
reference. The acquired signals have been evaluated and the dynamic components of strain have been obtained. In present
strain measurement the strain gauge locations and positions are enlisted in table 1 below
Table 1: Locations of Strain Gauges on the Structure
Rosette Gauges Linear Gauges
Second cross-member: 2 (RCM-2) Front longitudinal member : (LLM-F)
Mid cross-member: 5 (RCM-5) Mid longitudinal member (LLM-M)
Rear cross-member: 6 (RCM-6) Cross member: 5 (LCM-5)
Rear cross-member: 7 (RCM-7) Rear longitudinal member: (LLM-R)
DYNAMIC STRAIN MEASUREMENT AND STRAIN SIGNAL ANALYSIS
The intensity of load acting on the structure is of vital implication during the vehicle in motion especially when
the vehicle travels on a rough road territory. The prospect to damage the urbane cargo present in the shelter/container
mounted on the structure is significantly increased due to indiscriminate nature of load on cross-country tracks. Strain
signals on the novel structure for abovementioned dynamic load conditions are acquired for a truck travelling a speed of
20kmph.
The strain-acceleration signals are acquired in time domain. These strain-acceleration signals are further analyzed
using a DOS mode operating software. Root mean square (RMS) values of the signals are contrived in micro-strain (μe).
The rms values of signals measured at various locations on the structure are given in table 2 below
Table 2: Dynamic Strain RMS Values for Strain Signals on Paved Track at 20 km/hr
Gauge
Location
RMS (μe)
Strain Value
Gauge
Location
RMS (μe)
Strain Value
RCM2-A (+)38.05 RCM5-A (+)89.18
RCM2-B (+)86.60 RCM5-B (+)254.30
RCM2-C (+)37.74 RCM5-C (+)80.20
LLLF (-)64.13 LCM5 (-)24.81
RCM7-A (-)8.57 RCM6-A (+)153.42
RCM7-B (+)21.906 RCM6-B (+)131.07
RCM7-C (-)7.25 RCM6-C (-)65.62
LLLR (-)25.88 LLLM (+)77.25
Using the subsequent reduction technique for linear and rosette strain gauges, the dynamic values of strain are
computed. The stress values calculated based on Von-Mises criteria are tabulated below in table 3.
Table 3: Stress Values after Analysis of Experimental Strain Signals
Sr.
No
Gauge
Location
Stress Magnitude
(MPa)
01 RCM: 2 1.77
02 LLL:F -1.34
03 RCM: 7 0.867
04 LLL:R -0.543
05 RCM: 5 5.38
06 LCM: 5 -0.521
07 RCM: 6 4.13
08 LLL:M 1.62
4. 10 Deulgaonkar Vikas Radhakrishna & Matani Ashok Gurmukhdas
CONCLUSIONS
The interior portion where a rectangular rosette is placed on second cross-member is subjected to a stress value of
0.92 MPa when the load applied is half the total load and is 1.7 MPa for full load. The maximum stress values occurred for
fifty and hundred percent loads on the exterior portion of the mid cross-member of the platform are 2.48 MPa and 5.38
MPa.The stress experienced on the rear of the platform on outer longitudinal member is 27% more than that of the stress
experienced on the mid portion on outer longitudinal member of the platform. The stress experienced on the rear of the
platform on outer longitudinal member is 23% more than that of the stress on the front of the platform on same longitudinal
member. The stress experienced on the mid cross-members of the platform varies from 2.5 to 3.6 MPa for 50% load case.
The strain measurement at critical locations is carried out for the evaluation of stress to which the individual
longitudinal and cross-members are subjected, to depict the behavior of the structure due to the load applied on platform
and for the design validation of the platform. The cross-members of the platform are subjected to bending stress due to
application of the load.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors are grateful to Prof. Dr.S.P Kallurkar for his continuous and untiring support for present research work.
REFERENCES
1. Bastawros A.F., Voloshin A.S., (2008). Thermal Strain Measurements in Electronic Packages through Fractional
Fringe Moiré Interferometry. ASME Journal of Electronic packaging, 112, 303-308.
2. Prof.Dr.Matani, Prof.Deulgaonkar V.R, Prof.Dr. Kallurkar S.P, (2013), An Investigation of Structural Integrity of
Chassis Mounted Platform Subjected to Concentrated Load During Braking, International Journal of Mechanical
Engineering and Technology, 4, 115-122
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