The present work depicts mathematical behavior of a vehicle mounted platform/frame integrated with chassis structure in terms of plane stresses and plane strains for non-uniform loads. The load type considered in present work is concentrated load for which the mathematical model is formulated. A different type of combination of longitudinal and cross members in platform/frame design is formulated. The dimensions of platform members are determined using IS standards. After analysis of all possible combinations of longitudinal and cross members present design is anticipated. Section properties of longitudinal and cross members of the platform are determined & deduction of bending stress and shear force based on the load pattern are the fundamental steps in design and analysis of platform structure. The peculiarity of this analysis is the calculation of combined section modulus of three members. These are evaluated by excel programs developed indigenously.
Progressive collapse analysis of an rc structure subjected to seismic loads i...eSAT Journals
Abstract Progressive Collapse is the spread of initial failure from element to element leading to entire collapse of an structure. It is due to vehicle impacts, fire,earthquakes and natural or man made hazards. Collapse leads to large proprtions of dispropriate triggers in the structures which makes structures incapable of withstanding loads and it leads to collapse of the structure. In this study special moment resisting frame of G+19 story building is modeled using FEM based software( ETABSV9.7). The analysis is carried as per GSA gudelines in zone V having medium soil by linear dynamic and non linear analysis. The story drift and story shears are calculated to know the potential for progressive collapse of an structure. Keywords: Progressive Collapse,Column Removal ,Dynamic Analysis,Push Over Analysis etc…
Progressive Collapse Analysis of RC Framed StructuresAmit Devar
The term progressive collapse defined as the
spread of local damage, from an initiating event, from
element to element resulting, eventually, in the collapse of an
entire structure or a disproportionately large part of it is
known as progressive collapse. The progressive collapse of
structures during severe loading caused by earthquakes,
blasts, and other effects causes catastrophic loss of life. Such
collapse is typically caused by the inability of the structural
system to redistribute its loads following the failure of one or
more structural members to carry gravity loads. In reinforced
concrete (RC) structures, the loss of gravity load carrying
capacity in column.
Advanced mathematical analysis of chassis integrated platform designed for un...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work deals with advanced mathematical stress analysis of a platform integrated structure mounted on vehicle chassis designed for unconventional type of loading pattern. The perceptible loading cases in the present analysis comprise static load and its effect on the platform/structure by usage of simple shear force & bending moment diagrams. Deflection analysis using conventional Macaulay’s method invokes the structures suitability for the transportation. Present analysis accentuates on the design stage aspects of the platform as this research is a step in proposed doctoral study. A different type of combination of longitudinal and cross members in platform/frame design is formulated. Present design is anticipated after analysis of all possible combinations& orientations of longitudinal and cross members. Determination of section properties of longitudinal and cross members of the platform & deduction of elementary stress based on the unconventional load pattern are the fundamental steps in design and analysis of structure. Peculiarity of this analysis is the usage of combined section modulus of three members for computation of stress. Present research provides a tool that can be used prior to computer aided design and finite element analysis.
Progressive Collapse Analysis of RC Buildings with consideration of Effect of...ijsrd.com
To study the effect of failure of load carrying elements i.e. columns on the entire structure; 15 storey moment resistant RC buildings is considered. The buildings are modeled and analyzed for progressive collapse using the structural analysis and design software SAP2000. Normally it has been considered only the failure of primary load carrying members like columns, beams, struts, foundations etc. to understand the progressive collapse scenario. This paper involves the effect of slabs in progressive collapse with the failure of column.
Effect of concentric and eccentric type of bracings on performance based seis...eSAT Journals
Abstract When a tall building is subjected to lateral or torsional deflections under the action of seismicloads, the resulting oscillatory movement can induce a wide range of responses in the building’s occupants.[1]As a result, lateral stiffness is a major consideration in the design of tall buildings. Bracing is a highly efficient and economical method of resisting lateral forces in a frame structure. In this present study, the effect of four different types of bracing systems have been studied, for the use in SMRF RC framed building situated in seismic zone IV, in order to provide lateral stiffness and results in terms of storey shears and storey drifts have been presented. Keywords: RC Building, Concentric and Eccentric Bracings, Storey Drift,Storey Shear, Pushover Curves.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete horizontal curved beam using softwareeSAT Journals
Abstract
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete beam bridge, horizontally curved in plan is done using a finite element software. The
support conditions considered are simple supports. Dynamic loading in the form of moving vehicular load is taken into account
for the purpose of analysis. IRC Class AA type of vehicle is simulated on two lanes on the beam of span 31m, having a box type
cross-section. A parametric study is done varying the radius of curvature of the beam from 50 m to 250 m with the interval of 50
m to check the behavior of the beam. Various responses of the beam like bending moment, shear force, torsional moment and
deflection are calculated. The influence of a non-dimensional parameter L/R i.e. ratio of length of the beam to radius of curvature
of the beam is verified for the responses of the beam. From the results, it has been found that the responses i.e. the bending
moment, shear force, torsional moment and deflection of the beam decrease as the radius of curvature of the beam in increased.
Also, the responses of the beam increase as the L/R ratio is increased.
Keywords: Dynamic analysis, horizontally curved beam, finite element, moving vehicular moving load, Simply
Supported, Box type, parametric study, L/R ratio
Progressive collapse analysis of an rc structure subjected to seismic loads i...eSAT Journals
Abstract Progressive Collapse is the spread of initial failure from element to element leading to entire collapse of an structure. It is due to vehicle impacts, fire,earthquakes and natural or man made hazards. Collapse leads to large proprtions of dispropriate triggers in the structures which makes structures incapable of withstanding loads and it leads to collapse of the structure. In this study special moment resisting frame of G+19 story building is modeled using FEM based software( ETABSV9.7). The analysis is carried as per GSA gudelines in zone V having medium soil by linear dynamic and non linear analysis. The story drift and story shears are calculated to know the potential for progressive collapse of an structure. Keywords: Progressive Collapse,Column Removal ,Dynamic Analysis,Push Over Analysis etc…
Progressive Collapse Analysis of RC Framed StructuresAmit Devar
The term progressive collapse defined as the
spread of local damage, from an initiating event, from
element to element resulting, eventually, in the collapse of an
entire structure or a disproportionately large part of it is
known as progressive collapse. The progressive collapse of
structures during severe loading caused by earthquakes,
blasts, and other effects causes catastrophic loss of life. Such
collapse is typically caused by the inability of the structural
system to redistribute its loads following the failure of one or
more structural members to carry gravity loads. In reinforced
concrete (RC) structures, the loss of gravity load carrying
capacity in column.
Advanced mathematical analysis of chassis integrated platform designed for un...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work deals with advanced mathematical stress analysis of a platform integrated structure mounted on vehicle chassis designed for unconventional type of loading pattern. The perceptible loading cases in the present analysis comprise static load and its effect on the platform/structure by usage of simple shear force & bending moment diagrams. Deflection analysis using conventional Macaulay’s method invokes the structures suitability for the transportation. Present analysis accentuates on the design stage aspects of the platform as this research is a step in proposed doctoral study. A different type of combination of longitudinal and cross members in platform/frame design is formulated. Present design is anticipated after analysis of all possible combinations& orientations of longitudinal and cross members. Determination of section properties of longitudinal and cross members of the platform & deduction of elementary stress based on the unconventional load pattern are the fundamental steps in design and analysis of structure. Peculiarity of this analysis is the usage of combined section modulus of three members for computation of stress. Present research provides a tool that can be used prior to computer aided design and finite element analysis.
Progressive Collapse Analysis of RC Buildings with consideration of Effect of...ijsrd.com
To study the effect of failure of load carrying elements i.e. columns on the entire structure; 15 storey moment resistant RC buildings is considered. The buildings are modeled and analyzed for progressive collapse using the structural analysis and design software SAP2000. Normally it has been considered only the failure of primary load carrying members like columns, beams, struts, foundations etc. to understand the progressive collapse scenario. This paper involves the effect of slabs in progressive collapse with the failure of column.
Effect of concentric and eccentric type of bracings on performance based seis...eSAT Journals
Abstract When a tall building is subjected to lateral or torsional deflections under the action of seismicloads, the resulting oscillatory movement can induce a wide range of responses in the building’s occupants.[1]As a result, lateral stiffness is a major consideration in the design of tall buildings. Bracing is a highly efficient and economical method of resisting lateral forces in a frame structure. In this present study, the effect of four different types of bracing systems have been studied, for the use in SMRF RC framed building situated in seismic zone IV, in order to provide lateral stiffness and results in terms of storey shears and storey drifts have been presented. Keywords: RC Building, Concentric and Eccentric Bracings, Storey Drift,Storey Shear, Pushover Curves.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete horizontal curved beam using softwareeSAT Journals
Abstract
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete beam bridge, horizontally curved in plan is done using a finite element software. The
support conditions considered are simple supports. Dynamic loading in the form of moving vehicular load is taken into account
for the purpose of analysis. IRC Class AA type of vehicle is simulated on two lanes on the beam of span 31m, having a box type
cross-section. A parametric study is done varying the radius of curvature of the beam from 50 m to 250 m with the interval of 50
m to check the behavior of the beam. Various responses of the beam like bending moment, shear force, torsional moment and
deflection are calculated. The influence of a non-dimensional parameter L/R i.e. ratio of length of the beam to radius of curvature
of the beam is verified for the responses of the beam. From the results, it has been found that the responses i.e. the bending
moment, shear force, torsional moment and deflection of the beam decrease as the radius of curvature of the beam in increased.
Also, the responses of the beam increase as the L/R ratio is increased.
Keywords: Dynamic analysis, horizontally curved beam, finite element, moving vehicular moving load, Simply
Supported, Box type, parametric study, L/R ratio
Analytical assessment on progressive collapse potential of new reinforced con...eSAT Journals
Abstract Progressive collapse is a catastrophic partial or total failure that mostly occurs when a structure looses a primary structural component or more like a column or any vertical load resisting component due to natural or manmade hazard. In this research paper a new undergoing construction of Reinforced concrete 12 storied building located in Whitefield, Bangalore is modelled in accordance with the actual drawings according to Indian standard codes and analysed for progressive collapse potential by using structural design and analysis software Etabs2013. For evaluating the effect of progressive collapse in accordance with the guidance of U.S General Service Administration (GSA) linear static method is followed. The analytical model is checked for Demand capacity ratio by removing primary vertical support, one column at a time and evaluating whether the member is resistance to progressive collapse. Many such columns are removed and analysed to know the behaviour of building on abnormal loading conditions. The result shows that progressive collapse can be resisted by providing proper detailing and adequate reinforcement to the beams and columns. Keywords: Progressive collapse, Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR), General Service Administration standards (GSA), Design software Etabs2013, linear static
PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SYMMETRICAL AND UNSYMMET...AM Publications
Progressive collapse is a chain reaction of failures that propagates either throughout or a portion of the
structure disproportionate to the original local failure. The progressive collapse of building structure is initiated when
one or more vertical load carrying members are removed. Once a column is removed or made weak, due to man-made or
natural hazards, load carried by column removed is transferred to neighboring columns in the structure, if the
neighboring column is incapable of withstanding the extra load, leads to the progressive failure of adjoining members and
finally to the failure of partial or whole structure. The collapsing system continually seeks alternative load paths in order
to survive. One of the important characteristics of progressive collapse is that the final damage is not proportional to
the initial damage. The research material available for progressive collapse failure of structures suggests that
buildings designed to resist seismic actions have good robustness against progressive collapse. However, no detailed
investigations have been conducted so far to assess this robustness. Hence this study is made to examine the potential
ability of seismically designed building against progressive collapse. A Five storey reinforced concrete framed
structure symmetrical and Unsymmetrical was considered in the study to evaluate the Demand Capacity Ratio
(D.C.R.), the ratio of the member force and the member strength as per U.S. General Services Administration (GSA)
guidelines. The Linear static analysis is carried out using software, ETABS V 9.7 according to Indian Standard codes.
Analysis and design is carried out to get the final output of design details. To study the collapse, typical columns are
removed one at a time, and continued with analysis and design. Many such columns are removed in different trials to
know the effects of progressive analysis. Member forces and reinforcement details are calculated. From the analysis,
DCR values of beams are calculated.
Progressive collapse is the result of a localized failure of one or two structural elements that lead to a steady progression of load transfer that exceeds the capacity of other surrounding elements, thus initiating the progression that leads to a total or partial collapse of the structure. The present study is to evaluate the behavior of G+8 reinforced concrete building subjected to potential collapse. The reinforced concrete structure is analyzed by Pushover Analysis using ETABS Software. It shows the maximum storey displacement and a maximum storey drift values of the components are studied. And the potential of the progressive collapse is determined.
Fe investigation of semi circular curved beam subjected to out-of-plane loadeSAT Journals
Abstract Curved beams are used as machine or structural members in many applications. Based on application of load they can be classified into two categories. Curved beams subjected to In-Plane loads are more familiar and are used for crane hooks, C-clamps etc. The other categories of curved beams are the ones that are subjected to out-of-plane loads. They find applications in automobile universal joints, raider arms and many civil structures etc.The results of this research on semicircular curved beam subjected to out-of-plane loads have revealed some interesting results. For semicircular curved beams subjected to out-of-plane loads, it is shown that every section is subjected to a combination of transverse shear force, bending moment and twisting moment. By using ANSYS tool it is shown that Maximum principal stress occurs at section 120 degrees from the section containing the loading line. Moreover it is observed that fixed end of this curved beam is subjected to a state of pure shear. Key Words: Semi circular curved beam, Stress in curved beam, Out-of-plane load, FE analysis.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Free vibrational analysis of curved beam with uniform rectangular cross sectioneSAT Journals
Abstract
Curved beams are plays an important role in different field like house roofing, bridges, cranes, automobiles chasses etc. The study
deals with the investigation of free vibrations of thick curved beams of SS316 and MS1018, both experimentally and using ANSYS.
The curved beams having different R/t ratio were fabricated by using mild steel material. Three different boundary conditions are
imposed for curved beams are as follows; free-free, clamped-free, clamped-clamped. For experimental investigation, magnetic
transducer and VIBXpert are used to conduct experiment on different curved beams. The present work also aims at developing a
numerical model for comparing ANSYS results with experimental results to analyze the frequencies and mode shapes
corresponding to three different boundary conditions. The curved beam were modelled, meshed and analyzed using ANSYS. The
first ten natural frequencies from finite element solutions are then compared with the experimental results. These effects also
become more significant for higher modes. It is also observed that the finite element solutions are closely in agreement with
experimental results.
Key words: Curved beams, Experimental investigation, Natural frequencies, modes
Stress Distribution Analysis of Rear Axle Housing by using Finite Elements A...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Analytical assessment on progressive collapse potential of new reinforced con...eSAT Journals
Abstract Progressive collapse is a catastrophic partial or total failure that mostly occurs when a structure looses a primary structural component or more like a column or any vertical load resisting component due to natural or manmade hazard. In this research paper a new undergoing construction of Reinforced concrete 12 storied building located in Whitefield, Bangalore is modelled in accordance with the actual drawings according to Indian standard codes and analysed for progressive collapse potential by using structural design and analysis software Etabs2013. For evaluating the effect of progressive collapse in accordance with the guidance of U.S General Service Administration (GSA) linear static method is followed. The analytical model is checked for Demand capacity ratio by removing primary vertical support, one column at a time and evaluating whether the member is resistance to progressive collapse. Many such columns are removed and analysed to know the behaviour of building on abnormal loading conditions. The result shows that progressive collapse can be resisted by providing proper detailing and adequate reinforcement to the beams and columns. Keywords: Progressive collapse, Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR), General Service Administration standards (GSA), Design software Etabs2013, linear static
PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SYMMETRICAL AND UNSYMMET...AM Publications
Progressive collapse is a chain reaction of failures that propagates either throughout or a portion of the
structure disproportionate to the original local failure. The progressive collapse of building structure is initiated when
one or more vertical load carrying members are removed. Once a column is removed or made weak, due to man-made or
natural hazards, load carried by column removed is transferred to neighboring columns in the structure, if the
neighboring column is incapable of withstanding the extra load, leads to the progressive failure of adjoining members and
finally to the failure of partial or whole structure. The collapsing system continually seeks alternative load paths in order
to survive. One of the important characteristics of progressive collapse is that the final damage is not proportional to
the initial damage. The research material available for progressive collapse failure of structures suggests that
buildings designed to resist seismic actions have good robustness against progressive collapse. However, no detailed
investigations have been conducted so far to assess this robustness. Hence this study is made to examine the potential
ability of seismically designed building against progressive collapse. A Five storey reinforced concrete framed
structure symmetrical and Unsymmetrical was considered in the study to evaluate the Demand Capacity Ratio
(D.C.R.), the ratio of the member force and the member strength as per U.S. General Services Administration (GSA)
guidelines. The Linear static analysis is carried out using software, ETABS V 9.7 according to Indian Standard codes.
Analysis and design is carried out to get the final output of design details. To study the collapse, typical columns are
removed one at a time, and continued with analysis and design. Many such columns are removed in different trials to
know the effects of progressive analysis. Member forces and reinforcement details are calculated. From the analysis,
DCR values of beams are calculated.
Progressive collapse is the result of a localized failure of one or two structural elements that lead to a steady progression of load transfer that exceeds the capacity of other surrounding elements, thus initiating the progression that leads to a total or partial collapse of the structure. The present study is to evaluate the behavior of G+8 reinforced concrete building subjected to potential collapse. The reinforced concrete structure is analyzed by Pushover Analysis using ETABS Software. It shows the maximum storey displacement and a maximum storey drift values of the components are studied. And the potential of the progressive collapse is determined.
Fe investigation of semi circular curved beam subjected to out-of-plane loadeSAT Journals
Abstract Curved beams are used as machine or structural members in many applications. Based on application of load they can be classified into two categories. Curved beams subjected to In-Plane loads are more familiar and are used for crane hooks, C-clamps etc. The other categories of curved beams are the ones that are subjected to out-of-plane loads. They find applications in automobile universal joints, raider arms and many civil structures etc.The results of this research on semicircular curved beam subjected to out-of-plane loads have revealed some interesting results. For semicircular curved beams subjected to out-of-plane loads, it is shown that every section is subjected to a combination of transverse shear force, bending moment and twisting moment. By using ANSYS tool it is shown that Maximum principal stress occurs at section 120 degrees from the section containing the loading line. Moreover it is observed that fixed end of this curved beam is subjected to a state of pure shear. Key Words: Semi circular curved beam, Stress in curved beam, Out-of-plane load, FE analysis.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Free vibrational analysis of curved beam with uniform rectangular cross sectioneSAT Journals
Abstract
Curved beams are plays an important role in different field like house roofing, bridges, cranes, automobiles chasses etc. The study
deals with the investigation of free vibrations of thick curved beams of SS316 and MS1018, both experimentally and using ANSYS.
The curved beams having different R/t ratio were fabricated by using mild steel material. Three different boundary conditions are
imposed for curved beams are as follows; free-free, clamped-free, clamped-clamped. For experimental investigation, magnetic
transducer and VIBXpert are used to conduct experiment on different curved beams. The present work also aims at developing a
numerical model for comparing ANSYS results with experimental results to analyze the frequencies and mode shapes
corresponding to three different boundary conditions. The curved beam were modelled, meshed and analyzed using ANSYS. The
first ten natural frequencies from finite element solutions are then compared with the experimental results. These effects also
become more significant for higher modes. It is also observed that the finite element solutions are closely in agreement with
experimental results.
Key words: Curved beams, Experimental investigation, Natural frequencies, modes
Stress Distribution Analysis of Rear Axle Housing by using Finite Elements A...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Design and Linear Static Analysis of Transport Aircraft Vertical Tail for Dif...IJSRD
The design of vertical tail structure varies according to nature of aircraft and its function. The experimental test of vertical tail structure is difficult and more expensive process. In this present work detailed design of transport aircraft vertical tail with rudder structure modelling done by using CATIA V5 R19 software. The static stress analysis is carried out to find the stresses at of the vertical tail with rudder structure for different deflection of rudder. The stresses are estimated to find the safety factor of the structure using finite element approach with the help of MSC/PATRAN and MSC/NASTRAN software. The material used in the vertical tail structure is aluminium 7075-T6, which has high fatigue strength. From the analysis it is found that maximum principal stress of vertical tail structure is less than yield strength of aluminium 7075-T6 alloy. The maximum principal stress value form analysis is used to find fatigue damage calculations for vertical tail structure. The obtained analytical result shows that safe no of fatigue life hours of vertical tail structure. The result is verified with reserve factor approach.
SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF STEEL RIGID FRAME WITH IMPERFECT BRACE MEMBERSIAEME Publication
Model of a steel rigid frame made of thin-walled box section with existence of I-section brace member with initial overall and local imperfection adopted to investigate buckling effects on steel structural behavior as it was subjected to earthquake excitation. In order to take into account of the influence of local deflections on structural response, shell elements were employed to model brace member as well as base columns. Cross sections components with relatively high amplitude of
buckling parameters were considered in different case studies to make it susceptible to develop local deflection. Beam elements were also utilized to develop models with the same specification. FEM method applied to conduct nonlinear time history analysis using earthquake record in in-plane and
out-of-plane direction
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A study of r.c.c. beam column connection subjected to monotonic loadingeSAT Journals
Abstract
Beam and column where intersects is called as joint or Connection. The different types of joints are classified as corner joint, exterior
joint, interior joint etc. on beam column joint applying quasi-static loading .i. e. monotonic loading on cantilever end of the beam and
study of various parameters as to be find out on corner and exterior beam column joint i.e. maximum stress, minimum stress,
displacement and variation in stiffness of beam column joint can be analyzed in Ansys software ( Non-Linear FEM Software) The
various research studies focused on corner and exterior beam column joints and their behavior, support conditions of beam-column
joints. Some recent experimental studies, however, addressed beam-column joints of substandard RC frames with weak columns, poor
anchorage of longitudinal beam bars and insufficient transverse reinforcement. the behavior of exterior beam column joint is different
than the corner beam column joint.
Keywords: beam, column, corner, exterior, joint, monotonic load, quasi-static, varying stiffness
A study of r.c.c. beam column connection subjected to monotonic loadingeSAT Journals
Abstract
Beam and column where intersects is called as joint or Connection. The different types of joints are classified as corner joint, exterior
joint, interior joint etc. on beam column joint applying quasi-static loading .i. e. monotonic loading on cantilever end of the beam and
study of various parameters as to be find out on corner and exterior beam column joint i.e. maximum stress, minimum stress,
displacement and variation in stiffness of beam column joint can be analyzed in Ansys software ( Non-Linear FEM Software) The
various research studies focused on corner and exterior beam column joints and their behavior, support conditions of beam-column
joints. Some recent experimental studies, however, addressed beam-column joints of substandard RC frames with weak columns, poor
anchorage of longitudinal beam bars and insufficient transverse reinforcement. the behavior of exterior beam column joint is different
than the corner beam column joint.
Keywords: beam, column, corner, exterior, joint, monotonic load, quasi-static, varying stiffness.
seismic response of multi storey building equipped with steel bracingINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Steel bracing has proven to be one of the most effective systems in resisting lateral loads. Although its use to upgrade the lateral load capacity of existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) frames has been the subject of numerous studies, guidelines for its use in newly constructed RC frames still need to be developed. In this paper the study reveals that seismic performance of moment resisting RC frames with different patterns of bracing system. The three different types of bracings were used i.e. X - bracing system, V - bracing system and Inverted V - bracing system. This arrangement helped in reducing the structural response (i.e. displacement, interstorey drift, Shear Forces & Bending Moments) of the designed building structure. An (G+6) storey building was modelled and designed as per the code provisions of IS-1893:2002. And linear analysis is been carried out in the global X direction. The analysis was conducted with a view of accessing the seismic elastic performance of the building structure.
Similar to Mathematical analysis of section properties of a platform integrated with vehicle chassis ijsrp 2012 (20)
Vibration measurement and spectral analysis of chassis frame mounted structur...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Chassis mounted structure is a base component for shelters or containers mounted on heavy transport vehicles. When the vehicle is driven in rough terrains or during off-road transportation this structure has a significant role in protecting the sophisticated cargo and intelligent tracking systems placed inside the shelters. During off-road transportation or warhead conditions the vehicle is subjected to large unevenness in load due to road or soil irregularities in rough terrains, which causes vibrations to be induced in the vehicle. As the nature of vibrations induced in vehicle during travel on off-road or cross-country terrains is random and unpredictable, there is a concern to analyse the vibration response of chassis and chassis mounted structures is needed. Present work deals with vibration measurement and spectral analysis of a chassis mounted structure designed for off-road and commercial transport vehicles. The road profile on which the vibration measurement has been carried out includes paved road and cross-country terrain segments. The vibration measurement has been carried at three different vehicle speeds. Signal analysis procedure for the acquired test data is discussed. The chassis mounted structure under concern is intended to hold two shelters or containers. From the vibration measurement at critical locations, g-(RMS) and g-(peak) values for paved and cross-country roads have been found out. Power spectral density values have also been found on chassis and structure for the same transport situations. Major inferences include the evaluation of minimum and maximum g-values (peak & RMS) on chassis and chassis mounted structure. Power spectral density graphs are constructed from which the dominant frequency for both road profiles is found out
Strain characteristicts in a unique platform integrated with truck chassis un...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Present work deals with the process of determination of strain in a structural member under intense load for a typical Indian truck. Characteristics of mechanical strain at various locations on the structure are assessed. Strain gauge selection along with process of locating significant positions for strain measurement on the structure is described. Experimental process is employed for strain measurement. From the experimentation carried on the structure, the results reveal that the tri-axial stresses are dominant over bi-axial and uni-axial stresses at critical points on the structure. Contemporary data acquisition systems are utilized to acquire the strain signals. Computer simulation is carried out to have perception of the behavior of the structure under consideration. Static and Dynamic strain measurement is carried out at constant speeds on various tracks. As there are no assumptions involved in measurement like theoretical modeling and analysis, the experimental method provides the actual strain/stress values at the selected locations. Locations have been selected at cross-members where they are supported at the longitudinal members. As the stresses at these locations are not unidirectional, rosettes have been used to acquire strain in three directions. Linear strain gauges used at locations on longitudinal members.
Review and diagnostics of noise and vibrations in automobiles ijmer 2011Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work describes various automotive noise & vibration sources and their contribution. Noise and vibration reduction technique is studied through energy flow path. Various international and Indian standards for vehicles consider two types of noise measurement i.e. pass by noise and stationary noise. This paper discusses the appropriateness of SN test for in use vehicle. A methodology for interior noise source identification and its analysis is descried. Two vehicles of same class but of different makes were compared and evaluated for interior noise and vibration levels. The effectiveness of the firewall, silencers and engine mounts are checked and compared. The correlation between pressure and vibration levels of different sources with acoustical and structure transfer path are studied. Basic causes, design guidelines and validation techniques using lab simulation and data acquisition are discussed. Application of damping technology using viscous materials to control noise and vibration in vehicles is described.
Optimization in mechanical seal design for api 682 category i applications ij...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The paper covers development of mechanical seal design to optimize the adaptive part for API 682 category 1 applications. Under the guidelines of Forschungskuratorium Maschinenbau (FKM) the static strength is investigated using local stresses. Static structural load case is carried out on the adaptive parts with non-average element-nodal stresses. The new design performance is investigated using finite element analysis in terms of equivalent stress. Improved features in the design and their effects on manufacturing benefits, seal performance leading final product cost/weight optimization are discussed. Evaluation of centrifugally cast stainless steel raw material instead of forged wrought raw material is discussed.
Noise and vibrations in automobiles review and diagnostics ijmperd 2011Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work describes various automotive noise & vibration sources and their contribution. Noise and vibration reduction technique is studied through energy flow path. Various international and Indian standards for vehicles consider two types of noise measurement i.e. pass by noise and
stationary noise. This paper discusses the appropriateness of SN test for in use
vehicle. A methodology for interior noise source identification and its analysis is descried. Two vehicles of same class but of different makes were compared and evaluated for interior noise and vibration levels. The effectiveness of the firewall, silencers and engine mounts are checked and compared. The correlation
between pressure and vibration levels of different sources with acoustical and structure transfer path are studied. Basic causes, design guidelines and validation techniques using lab simulation and data acquisition are discussed. Application of damping technology using viscous materials to control noise and vibration in vehicles is described.
Modeling and finite element analysis for a casting defect in thin wall struct...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The casting of pump impeller blades is a difficult operation due to its thin wall structure. In the casting process for thin wall impeller structure, the prediction of shrinkage defect is a one of the important issue and failure of such thin wall structure is a commonly encountered problem. The non-uniform heat transfer rate is the main cause of such failure. The uniformity of heat transfer rate may enhance by placing the runner at appropriate position and riser based on the geometrical attributes. The flow of liquid metal and its solidification has time based temperature variation, shrinkages and porosity distributions in such structures. An attempt is made for the analysis of optimization in the placement of runner and riser through this experimentation. The experiment contains the analysis of finite element simulation of fluid flow and solidification of metal execution at various temperatures, prediction of shrinkages based on the geometry of the casting and flow curvature and porosity distribution. This work also focuses on the prediction of casting defects in aluminum thin wall pump impeller structure using commercially available software (ANSYS-FLUENT). The experimental validation of the simulation result is also done to confirm the same.
Mechanics of strain propogation in members of a platform structure devised fo...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
This research paper deals with the mechanics of mechanical strain and its propagation in a steel structure through experimental analysis of a distinctive platform integrated with vehicle chassis. Dynamic values of strain components are evaluated on all constituents of the platform structure at various critical locations. Strain gauge classification for experimentation of the platform structure is described. Different nature of stresses at significant locations is evaluated with the aid of linear and rosette gauges.
Present-day data acquisition systems are utilized for acquiring the strain values. Static and dynamic strain values are evaluated for constant speeds on cross-country track.The experimentation reveals exact strain values, as there are no assumptions for measurement. Cross-country road characteristics are exactly simulated for this measurement process.
The optimum vehicle speed is maintained for the entire measurement process. Tri-axial values of strains are calculated using rosette reduction technique. Linear strain values are evaluated on longitudinal members of the platform structure. Values of strain acquired different locations reveal the critical areas of the structure for possible design modifications.
Chassis mounted structures provide a levelled base to the transport vehicles intended for on-road and off-road driving. These structures acts as cushioning elements to sophisticated cargos like intelligent tracking systems placed in shelters’ closed environment. These structures need sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the load variations arising from tire-road interactions during rough road travel. Such structures need special attention during the design phase itself in order to improve the specified payload carrying capacity with optimized dimensions. Present paper focuses on formulation of a specialized structure mounted on chassis intended to carry shelters. A scaled prototype is manufactured and tested for different grade-load combinations. This is done through experimental strain measurement and analysis of the results. The data is acquired for nine different load magnitudes and is categorised into three sets as low, moderate and high magnitudes. Interrelation between the stress/strain values acquired during each load and gradient state is developed. The structure behaviour is hypothesized through the gradient strain measurement outcomes. Major design concerns include the spacing & orientation of cross-members, load locations on the structure and the road profiles. Cross-country and rough road terrain behavior of the structure is attempted in present work.
Finite element simulation and investigation of thin wall impeller casting ija...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
In case of casting of thin wall impeller structure, the prediction of shrinkage defect is a difficult operation and failure of such thin wall structure is a commonly encountered problem. Such failures are due to non-uniform heat transfer rate. The uniformity of heat transfer rate may enhance by placing the runner at appropriate position and riser based on the geometrical attributes. An attempt is made for the analysis of optimization in the placement of runner and riser. The present work focuses on the simulation of aluminum thin wall pump impeller blade using commercially available software (ANSYS) and experiments for optimum placement of risers and reducing defects.
Finite element analysis of chassis integrated structure for tractor trolley i...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
This paper deals with the design evaluation of chassis integrated structure intended to carry tractor trolleys. This structure is either bolted along with tractor trailer chassis or attached to the trolley using special attachments. Such structure is located in between the trolley chassis and tractor trolley. The role of this structure is to provide a support to the trolley during transportation in agricultural terrains. This structure transmits and upholds the load variations during tractor travel in agricultural terrains. Present work deals with design evaluation of one such structure. In this work, the structure under consideration is designed to house and support one axle semi-trailer trolley. Locations of attachment of the structure to the chassis or trolley depend upon the weight and size restrictions mentioned in Indian Standards. Major design considerations for the structure include height of the semi-trailer trolley, nature of load or cargo placed inside the trolley, restrictions on axle load and tractor geometry parameters as departure angle & ground clearance. In order to evaluate structure characteristics of stress and deflection computer simulation is carried for the road-load conditions. Road profiles for structure simulation and analysis include typical Indian agricultural terrains comprising of black cotton soil and soil lumps.
Finite element analysis of center pin and bracket of jig fixture assembly ijm...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The manufacturing industry caters the range of products to satisfy the ever changing market needs.
To overcome the increasing production demands, the industry implies various techniques. We need a technique for
increasing the production of drilling two holes on a Railway Pinion, improve the quality of product and reduce the
operation time. This project aims to design the Jig and Fixture for the same. The 3-dimensional Computer Aided Model
of the components is made using CATIA V5-R21 software. To study the behavior of component, simulation is carried out.
Preprocessing of the CAD model is carried in Hypermesh software. Boundary conditions are applied using physical
situations of the components. Finite element analysis of the components is done, and the results obtained are compared
with the theoretical analysis and also with the available literature. The stresses and deformations are found within desired limits. Using FE analysis, the parts are manufactured and assembled.
Finite element analysis and experimental simulation of chassis mounted platfo...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Chassis mounted platform is an intermediate component between vehicle chassis and chassis mounted shelter, and is intended to act as a levelled base for shelters. Shelters in combat vehicles provide a closed stipulated environment to computerized tracking systems, sophisticated defense combat equipments to suit the operational and environmental requirements during warhead situations. Platform carries transfers & sustains unevenness in load arising from the road or soil irregularities during off-road vehicle travel. Present work deals with development, evaluation and improvement of one such platform for 8x8 vehicles. In this work, the platform under consideration is designed to accommodate two shelters, each being secured to the platform using standard twist locking arrangements. Securing locations are dependent on the size & weight of the commodity to be placed inside shelter. Major design ruminations of the platform include nature & pattern of load, flange orientations of channel sections, span between webs of consecutive channels, axle load distribution and vehicle geometry constraints as ground clearance & departure angle. Finite element analysis is carried out in to order evaluate stress and deflection in the present platform configuration. Experimental strain measurement at critical locations on the platform is carried at Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) to evaluate the performance of the platform under specified load-speed conditions. Relation between experimental stress values and strain gauge locations on the platform is assessed for different load magnitudes.
Failure analysis of fuel pumps used for diesel engines in transport utility v...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Present work deals with the failure analysis of fuel pump in transport utility vehicles. The fuel pump assembly failed at 70536km. Various types of failures in pump and its different components are analyzed. Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) of the acquired data has been carried out. The pump components with substantial contribution in failure are determined using risk priority number analysis and the failure causes are postulated. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for pump parts as rollers and cam plates the types failures are observed. Presence of water in fuel tank indicated the reason for rusting of bottom surface of tank. Pitting failure due to rust particles has been identified in pump parts after SEM observations. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) of pump parts has also been carried out to identify levels of unnormalized constituent elements responsible for failure. From EDS presence of oxygen responsible for oxidation reaction with iron is identified. Significant percentage of oxygen at different locations indicated the presence of moisture in the system. Remedial measure to avoid pump failure has been suggested in present work.
Experimental investigation of inmitiable platform on heavy vehicle chassis ij...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
This research paper deals with the experimental investigation of a unique platform structure by evaluation of strain through experimental technique. Strain characteristics at critical locations on the structure are evaluated for dynamic load. Strain gauge categorization for experimentation of the platform structure is described. Different nature of stresses at significant locations is evaluated with the aid of linear and rosette gauges. Present-day data acquisition systems are utilized for acquiring the strain values. Static and dynamic strain values are evaluated for constant speeds on cross-country track.
The experimentation reveals exact strain values, as there are no assumptions for measurement. Cross-country road characteristics are exactly simulated for this measurement process. The optimum vehicle speed is maintained for the entire measurement process. Tri-axial values of strains are calculated using rosette reduction technique. Linear strain values are evaluated on longitudinal members of the platform structure. Values of strain acquired different locations reveal the critical areas of the structure for possible design modifications
Development and validation of chassis mounted platform design for heavy vehic...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Hand calculations, finite element (FE) analysis and experimental validation of chassis mounted platform design for defence and commercial off-road vehicles have been attempted in this work. The work was commenced with the thorough study of platform configuration, loading pattern, platform mount location & configuration on the vehicle chassis and relevant vehicle characteristics. Calculation of section modulus, shear force and bending moment of various structural members under specified loading has been carried out before proceeding with the FE modeling and analysis of platform. FE model of the chassis mounted platform has been made using shell elements and the boundary conditions have been imposed based on the loading pattern with an assumption of rigid vehicle chassis. Static and gradient analyses of the platform have been carried out for full scale and reduced scale prototype FE models. Experimental strain measurement at critical locations under different static and gradient loads has been carried out for design validation of chassis mounted platform using the scaled prototype. Close correlation has been found between the experimental stress values and FE stress analysis results for static and gradient load conditions. From the entire load tests conducted, it is observed that the strain values in rear portion are less as compared with those in front and mid portions of the platform in-spite of the rear overhang provision.
Development and design validation of pneumatic tool for stem seal collet fi...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work deals with the design development and design validation of special purpose pneumatic tool to optimize the steps in assembly and consequently production process. An attempt is made to develop a pneumatic tool that uses power of compressed air to generate a force enough to press the stem seal and the collet, collet cup collectively. Detailed calculations of section properties of various members of the tool assembly are carried out. Calculation for force to be generated is done by considering possibilities i.e. hydraulic generation and pneumatic. Prior to fabrication, detailed CAD modeling of each component of assembly is carried out using CATIA V5 software which gives a correct perception of the assembly and its components. Fabrication of each component of the assembly is carried out by various manufacturing processes as Grinding, milling, drilling. To enhance surface hardness induction hardening is carried out. Close correlation between the calculated and generated force validates the design.
Design evaluation of chassis mounted platform for off road wheeled heavy vehi...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Chassis mounted platform is an intermediate component between vehicle chassis and shelter, and acts as a levelled base for shelters. Platform transfers & sustains unevenness in load arising from the road or soil irregularities during vehicle travel in rough terrains. Present work deals with development, evaluation and improvement of one such platform. In this work, the platform under consideration is designed to accommodate two shelters, each being secured to the platform using standard twist locking arrangements. Securing locations are dependent on the size & weight of the commodity to be placed inside the shelter. Major design modifications of the platform include nature & pattern of load, flange orientations of channel sections, span between webs of adjacent channels, axle load distribution and vehicle geometry constraints as ground clearance & departure angle. Hand calculations, computer aided design and finite element analysis are carried to evaluate the stress and deflection for different platform configurations. Road profiles for platform analysis include rough road and cross-country terrains. Experimental strain measurement at critical locations on the platform is carried out to evaluate the performance of the platform under specified load-speed conditions. Mathematical relation between experimental stress values and strain gauge locations on the platform is developed for different load magnitudes and loading patterns.
Design and analysis of state transport (s.t) utility vehicle ~ bus ijvss 2019Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Passenger transport is an inseparable ingredient of public transport system for developing and developed nations. In present work design and analysis of state transport utility vehicle ~ bus is carried out. Present paper focuses on the design enhancements in structural features of sub and superstructure without any alterations on the chassis provided by OEMs. Limiting dimensions of bus as prescribed by automotive industry standard and central motor vehicle rules are the design constraints accounted in the present work. This work was commenced with the thorough study of sub and superstructure configurations, seat locations, passenger load patterns, locations of doors, windows & emergency exits and other relevant bus attributes. Hand calculations for evaluation gross section modulus of chassis and cross member combination are presented. Usage of shear force and bending moment diagrams to evaluate the stress and deflection for the proposed load patterns is made before proceeding for finite element analysis. Finite element modelling and analysis of the sub and super structure combination is carried using shell elements with the presumption that chassis of the bus is rigid. Roll-over analysis of bus for the present configuration is presented.
Analysis of vibration characteristics of transport utility vehicle by finite ...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Present work deals with the design and analysis vibration characteristics for transport utility vehicle. The transport utility vehicle is designed using automotive industry standards. The dynamic behaviour of vehicle depends on the selection of overall dimensions, wheel base, track width, overall height and width that are decided using central motor vehicle rules. The selected dimensions for vertical and horizontal pillar members of the transport bus are modified to enhance the strength, stiffness and stability of the superstructure during travel. This increased stability enhances the ride comfort and passenger safety. Analysing the effect of utilizing manual meshing in complex areas of a transport utility vehicle for vibration analysis and passenger ride comfort has also been carried out. Modal analysis to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of transport utility vehicle model is also carried. Further with the use of finite element analysis deflection vehicle structure is evaluated. The outcomes from the analysis are compared with the behaviour of chassis mounted platform in dynamic conditions and are found in close correlation. The vehicle structure behaves as a single entity in dynamic situations, so surface model is prepared. Element selection for the finite element analysis is carried by considering plane stress condition. Two-dimensional quadrilateral shell elements are extensively used for meshing of the computer model of the vehicle structure. Complex areas in the optimized vehicle structure are meshed using relevant combination of quads & trias. The values of vector sum displacement and frequencies are found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones.
An investigation of structural integrity of chassis mounted platform subjecte...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work deals with the investigation of strength of a specialized chassis mounted platform/structure designed to carry concentrated load. This work deals with the mathematics behind braking through shear and bending diagrams analysis processes. The perceptible loading case in the present analysis comprises braking load and its effect on the platform/structure by usage of simple shear force & bending moment diagrams. These diagrams reveal the distribution of shearing force during braking for typical Indian truck. Present analysis accentuates on the design stage aspects of the platform as this research is a step in doctoral study. Effect of load during braking for an atypical type of combination of longitudinal and cross members in platform/frame design is formulated. This paper provides a new technique for computation of strength using shear and bending diagrams. Peculiarity of this analysis is the usage of combined section modulus of three members for computation of stress.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
block diagram and signal flow graph representation
Mathematical analysis of section properties of a platform integrated with vehicle chassis ijsrp 2012
1. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2012 1
ISSN 2250-3153
www.ijsrp.org
Mathematical Analysis of Section Properties of a
Platform Integrated with Vehicle Chassis
Prof. Deulgaonkar V.R, Prof. Dr. Kallurkar S.P, Prof. Dr. Matani A.G
Abstract- The present work depicts mathematical behavior of a
vehicle mounted platform/frame integrated with chassis structure
in terms of plane stresses and plane strains for non-uniform
loads. The load type considered in present work is concentrated
load for which the mathematical model is formulated. A different
type of combination of longitudinal and cross members in
platform/frame design is formulated. The dimensions of platform
members are determined using IS standards. After analysis of all
possible combinations of longitudinal and cross members present
design is anticipated. Section properties of longitudinal and cross
members of the platform are determined & deduction of bending
stress and shear force based on the load pattern are the
fundamental steps in design and analysis of platform structure.
The peculiarity of this analysis is the calculation of combined
section modulus of three members. These are evaluated by excel
programs developed indigenously.
Index Terms- concentrated load, section properties, shear
forces, plane stresses and strains, platform.
I. INTRODUCTION
ransportation system is a prominent factor which has great
impact on country’s economic augmentation. Transportation
of sophisticated equipment/cargo needs extreme concern for long
transportation distance and type of road also has an impact on
proper transportation of the cargo. To deal with the above and
many other related factors a significant research is carried on
vehicle chassis. Platforms are required to provide a leveled base
for accurate leveling vehicle mounted devices. The platforms are
generally of welded structure type, designed to accommodate
one, two or more ISO type shelters according to the application.
The design of the platform mainly depends upon load, its type
and pattern; these parameters are determined by the shelter
length, distance between the ISO corner blocks, the weight of
shelter and the load distribution inside the shelter. Selection of
type of cross members, determination of their dimensions and
locations with respect to expected load patterns are important
steps in the process of platform design.[1-5] Factors such as self-
weight of platform, mounting of platform on vehicle chassis, axle
load distribution, departure angle and ramp angle of the vehicle
bear a significant effect on the platform design. Various types of
chassis frames are into use viz. conventional, integral, semi-
integral frames, of which conventional being extensively used.
The platform members are made of three types of sections viz.
channel, tabular & box sections. Each section has its own
characteristic for the type of load it is subjected to. The loads
acting on the platforms are categorized as short duration load,
momentary load, impact, inertia, static and overloads.
Elementary analysis of platform comprises static and dynamic
loads. The structural configuration of a chassis is often very
complex due to normative and functional constraints. A vehicle
chassis is characterized by a high level of static indetermination
because of the complex interconnection of beams (longitudinal
elements, cross elements and pillars) and panels. Therefore it is
relatively difficult to perform an analytical calculation of stresses
and strains unless dire approximations are introduced. The
structural analysis is normally performed numerically using the
finite element method. However, in order to provide some design
criteria, it is necessary to understand the structural functionality
of the principal chassis components. For this reason it is
convenient to consider some basic layouts: Though these layouts
cannot provide precise quantitative information, they can prove
useful to explain the structural function of the chassis
components.[6-9] The conception of the parameters which
influence chassis behavior is useful both in the outlining process,
when the main configuration is selected and during results
analysis when the final design is refined. For precise
mathematical analysis boundary conditions needs to needs to be
thoroughly understood. A monocoque structure is one whose
thickness is small if compared to the section dimensions, e.g. a
folded metal sheet so that it forms a cylinder welded on a
generatrix. This structure is unable to support concentrated loads
causing local collapse of monocoque. To withstand concentrated
loads the structure is stiffened with longitudinal stiffeners and
ribs, such structures are termed as semi-monocoques.e.g.
Aeronautical structures as wings. The connections for the
application of concentrated loads are grasped by addition of
thicker sheet metal elements.
II. THEORY
The longitudinal members are presumed as long cylindrical or
prismatical bodies. These members are subjected to concentrated
loads/forces that are perpendicular to longitudinal elements and
invariable along the length. Dimension along z-direction is
extremely dominant as compared with the dimensions in x & y
directions. Microanalysis of forces acting on the body shows that
surface and body forces are into existence. Fundamental
assumption of the body being rigid reflects the fact that relative
distance between any two points on it is always constant. The
components of small displacements parallel to x, y & z axis are
u, v & w respectively. Then the components of normal and
shearing strain along x, y & z axes are given as
ex = du/dx; ey = dv/dy and ez = dw/dz (1)
γxy = (du/dy) + (dv/dx); γxz = (du/dz) +(dw/dx);
γyz = (dv/dz)+(dw/dy) (2)
The aim of considering complete differentials rather that partial
ones is that it gives complete strain in the presumed plane, as
T
2. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2012 2
ISSN 2250-3153
www.ijsrp.org
already known that length is the dominant dimension in present
analysis.[11-12].
Applying the above equations to the longitudinal member of the
platform we get components u and v of the displacement
functions are x and y & being independent of the z co-ordinate.
Hence the longitudinal displacement of the outer member is zero.
We get the following equations as
γxy = γxz = ez = 0 (3)
Using Hooke’s law the normal stress can be determined.
III. COMPUTION OF SECTION PROPERTIES
Section properties of individual members of the platform are
of paramount importance in design and formulation of the
structure of the platform. Longitudinal and cross member of
dimensions are selected by taking into account the concentrated
loading to which the platform will be subjected.
A. Section properties of main longitudinal member of the
platform.
The main longitudinal member of the platform is intended to
support the cross-members at the central location and is mounted
on chassis. The main longitudinal member is welded to cross
members and is integrated with vehicle chassis. The dimensions
as per IS808 1967 are chosen, neglecting the fillet radii are
125x75x5 in mm, shown in figure 1 below.
Table1. Location of centroid for main longitudinal member
Shape Area (mm2
)
yi (from bottom)
mm
xi (from left)
mm
01 375 122.5 37.5
02 575 62.5 2.5
03 375 2.5 37.5
Total 1325
Table1. Continued
xiAi (mm3
)
yiAi
(mm3
)
Centroid Xleft
mm
Centroid
Ybottom mm
14062.5 45937.5
1437.5 35937.5
14062.5 937.5
22.3113 62.5
29562.5 82812.5
Knowing the exact centroid location (Refer Table 1), further
assists in determining the orientation of main longitudinal
member along axis of loading.
B. Calculation of Moment of Inertia for main longitudinal
member about X & Y axes
Table 2 Moment of Inertia X axis Calculations
Shape IC d = xi - x(left) d²A
IC + d²A
mm4
1 781.25 60 1350000 1350781
2 633698 0 0 633698
3 781.25 -60 1350000 1350781
Moment of Inertia about X axis = 3335260
Table 3 Moment of Inertia Y axis Calculations
Shape IC d = xi - x(left) d²A
IC + d²A
mm4
1
1757
81.2
5
15.188
86510
.9914
26229
2
2
1197
.916
7
-19.811
22568
0.847
3
22687
9
3
1757
81.2
5
15.188
86510
.9914
6
26229
2
Moment of Inertia about Y axis =
75146
3
The numeric values of moment of inertia determined above
gives moment of inertia (Refer Tables 2 &3) of shape also
referred as second moment of area. These values directly predict
area of material in the cross section and displacement of that area
from the centroid. The efficiency/strength of the cross section to
resist bending due to concentrated loading is envisaged with the
aid of second moment of inertia. The numeric values of other
properties of main longitudinal member along x and y axes are
enlisted directly below. To avoid complexities in calculations as
well as in manufacturing the section selected is symmetric about
both the axes. Table 4 below reflects various section
properties of main longitudinal member about X axis.
Table4. Section Properties of Main Longitudinal Member about
X axis
Parameter Symbol Numeric Value Unit
Section
Modulus
Sx 53364.16667 mm3
Section
Modulus
(bottom)
S (bot) 53364.16667 mm3
Section
Modulus
(top)
S (top) 53364.16667 mm3
Radius of
Gyration
rx 50.17148267 mm
Plastic
Modulus
Zx 61531.25 mm3
3. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2012 3
ISSN 2250-3153
www.ijsrp.org
Shape Factor 1.153044334
Table5. Section Properties of Main Longitudinal Member about
Y axis
Parameter Symbol
Numeric
Value
Unit
Section
Modulus
Sy 14262.32841 mm3
Section
Modulus (left)
S (left) 33680.80514 mm3
Section
Modulus
(right)
S (right) 14262.32841 mm3
Radius of
Gyration
ry 23.81474487 mm
Plastic
Modulus
Zy 25921.875 mm3
Shape Factor 1.817506529
Determination of section/elastic modulus is vital step in design
of main longitudinal member as it is undeviating measure of
strength. There is direct proportion between the load carrying
capacity and value of section modulus. Section modulus
comprises the fact that extreme fibres are subjected to load/stress
during bending; hence its values from both ends .i.e. top &
bottom are established. Value of radius of gyration determined
helps in envisaging the distribution of mass about central axis.
The plastic section modulus is used for materials where plastic
behavior is dominant. The value predicted for this section is for
reference as component is designed by taking into account only
the elastic modulus. (Refer Tables 4 &5) Ratio of plastic to
elastic moment in a component subjected to bending is devised
by shape factor. This is of paramount importance to predict the
material behavior in under loading in elastic and plastic regions.
From the above analysis we get all the physical and geometrical
properties of main longitudinal member. These properties assist
in freezing the platform configurations. Similar analysis of other
members as outer longitudinal member (125x75x6), longitudinal
walkway support (50x30x5), and chassis of the vehicle
(250x100x6) leads us to all the individual properties of the
platform members. Now the calculation of combined section
modulus of chassis, main longitudinal member and cross member
is attempted. This combined section modulus as shown in figure
2 below is further used in evaluation of stress of the platform for
various types of load cases on the platform as load in stationary
condition, load during braking, load during vehicle travel on a
gradient etc. hence calculation of combined section modulus is
important at this design stage before further processing for other
higher analysis. This calculation is depicted in Table 6 below.
Figure2. Sections combined for section modulus calculation
Sr.
No.
Area (a)
mm2
Cent.
Dist.
from
bottom
edge mm
(Yi)
ayi (mm3
)
Position of
centroid
from bottom
edge
01 800 521 416.8 x 103
02 575 312.5 179.687 x 103
03 1428 125 178.5 x 103
04 1072 450 482.4 x 103
05 375 372.5 139.687 x 103
06 600 247 148.2 x 103
07 1072 450 482.4 x 103
08 375 252.5 94.6875 x 103
09 600 3 1800
10 800 379 303.2 x 103
315.04mm
Total 7967
2.42736 x
106
mm3
Knowing the centroid location for the combined section,
further the analysis is extended to calculate the moment of inertia
of the combined sections. This is shown in Table 7 below
Ic M.I.
axis
(mm4
)
Yi-ӯ=d
(mm)
d2
A (mm4
) Ic + d2
A
(mm4
)
Iz = Σ(Ic + d2
A)
(mm4
)
4266.66 205.6
33.8170 x
106
33.82135 x
106
633.69 x
106 -2.9 4835.75
638.5336 x
103
6.740 x
106 -190.4
51.7680 x
106
58.5087 x
106
1.604069
33 x 106 134.6
19.4215 x
106
21.0256 x
106
781.25 57.1
1.2226 x
106
1.2234 x
106
1800 -68.4
2.8071 x
106
2.8089 x
106
1.604069
33 x 106 134.6
19.4215 x
106
21.0256 x
106
781.25 -62.9
1.4836 x
106 1.484 x 106
1800 -312.4
58.5562 x
106
58.5586 x
106
4266.666 -63.4 3.2156 x 3.2199146
202.314715
2 x 106